Showing papers by "Nanchang University published in 2018"
TL;DR: The various aspects of the investigation results of the bioactivities of polysaccharides were summarized, including its diversity pharmacological applications, such as immunoregulatory, anti-tumor,Anti-virus, antioxidation, and hypoglycemic activity, and their application in the treatment of disease are discussed.
687 citations
TL;DR: Emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulations and noncoding RNAs may play important roles in breast cancer development and may contribute to the heterogeneity and metastatic aspects of breast cancer, especially for triple-negative breast cancer.
Abstract: As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases originated from the breast. While the risk factors associated with this cancer varies with respect to other cancers, genetic predisposition, most notably mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, is an important causative factor for this malignancy. Breast cancers can begin in different areas of the breast, such as the ducts, the lobules, or the tissue in between. Within the large group of diverse breast carcinomas, there are various denoted types of breast cancer based on their invasiveness relative to the primary tumor sites. It is important to distinguish between the various subtypes because they have different prognoses and treatment implications. As there are remarkable parallels between normal development and breast cancer progression at the molecular level, it has been postulated that breast cancer may be derived from mammary cancer stem cells. Normal breast development and mammary stem cells are regulated by several signaling pathways, such as estrogen receptors (ERs), HER2, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which control stem cell proliferation, cell death, cell differentiation, and cell motility. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulations and noncoding RNAs may play important roles in breast cancer development and may contribute to the heterogeneity and metastatic aspects of breast cancer, especially for triple-negative breast cancer. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the molecular, cellular and genetic aspects of breast cancer.
609 citations
TL;DR: A metal-free catalyst that selectively reduces nitrogen to ammonia with high efficiency and stability is reported, placing it among the most active aqueous-based nitrogen reduction reaction electrocatalysts.
Abstract: Conversion of naturally abundant nitrogen to ammonia is a key (bio)chemical process to sustain life and represents a major challenge in chemistry and biology. Electrochemical reduction is emerging as a sustainable strategy for artificial nitrogen fixation at ambient conditions by tackling the hydrogen- and energy-intensive operations of the Haber–Bosch process. However, it is severely challenged by nitrogen activation and requires efficient catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction. Here we report that a boron carbide nanosheet acts as a metal-free catalyst for high-performance electrochemical nitrogen-to-ammonia fixation at ambient conditions. The catalyst can achieve a high ammonia yield of 26.57 μg h–1 mg–1cat. and a fairly high Faradaic efficiency of 15.95% at –0.75 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, placing it among the most active aqueous-based nitrogen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. Notably, it also shows high electrochemical stability and excellent selectivity. The catalytic mechanism is assessed using density functional theory calculations. Electrochemical reduction of nitrogen is a promising route to industrial-scale nitrogen fixation at ambient conditions, but is challenged by activation of inert nitrogen. Here the authors report a metal-free catalyst that selectively reduces nitrogen to ammonia with high efficiency and stability.
575 citations
TL;DR: This review elaborates upon existing optical nanoprobes that exploit ratiometric measurements for improved sensing and imaging, including fluorescence, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and photoacoustic nanoprops, and their potential biomedical applications for targeting specific biomolecule populations.
Abstract: Exploring and understanding biological and pathological changes are of great significance for early diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Optical sensing and imaging approaches have experienced major progress in this field. Particularly, an emergence of various functional optical nanoprobes has provided enhanced sensitivity, specificity, targeting ability, as well as multiplexing and multimodal capabilities due to improvements in their intrinsic physicochemical and optical properties. However, one of the biggest challenges of conventional optical nanoprobes is their absolute intensity-dependent signal readout, which causes inaccurate sensing and imaging results due to the presence of various analyte-independent factors that can cause fluctuations in their absolute signal intensity. Ratiometric measurements provide built-in self-calibration for signal correction, enabling more sensitive and reliable detection. Optimizing nanoprobe designs with ratiometric strategies can surmount many of the limitations encountered by traditional optical nanoprobes. This review first elaborates upon existing optical nanoprobes that exploit ratiometric measurements for improved sensing and imaging, including fluorescence, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and photoacoustic nanoprobes. Next, a thorough discussion is provided on design strategies for these nanoprobes, and their potential biomedical applications for targeting specific biomolecule populations (e.g. cancer biomarkers and small molecules with physiological relevance), for imaging the tumor microenvironment (e.g. pH, reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, enzyme and metal ions), as well as for intraoperative image guidance of tumor-resection procedures.
509 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a UAV-enabled MEC wireless powered system is investigated under both partial and binary computation offloading modes, subject to the energy harvesting causal constraint and the UAV's speed constraint.
Abstract: Mobile-edge computing (MEC) and wireless power transfer are two promising techniques to enhance the computation capability and to prolong the operational time of low-power wireless devices that are ubiquitous in Internet of Things. However, the computation performance and the harvested energy are significantly impacted by the severe propagation loss. In order to address this issue, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled MEC wireless-powered system is studied in this paper. The computation rate maximization problems in a UAV-enabled MEC wireless powered system are investigated under both partial and binary computation offloading modes, subject to the energy-harvesting causal constraint and the UAV’s speed constraint. These problems are non-convex and challenging to solve. A two-stage algorithm and a three-stage alternative algorithm are, respectively, proposed for solving the formulated problems. The closed-form expressions for the optimal central processing unit frequencies, user offloading time, and user transmit power are derived. The optimal selection scheme on whether users choose to locally compute or offload computation tasks is proposed for the binary computation offloading mode. Simulation results show that our proposed resource allocation schemes outperform other benchmark schemes. The results also demonstrate that the proposed schemes converge fast and have low computational complexity.
496 citations
TL;DR: A family of metal-free organic perovskite ferroelectrics with the characteristic three-dimensional structure is found, among which MDABCO (N-methyl-N'-diazabicyclo[2.2]octonium)–ammonium triiodide has a spontaneous polarization, which makes it attractive for use in flexible devices, soft robotics, biomedical devices, and other applications.
Abstract: Inorganic perovskite ferroelectrics are widely used in nonvolatile memory elements, capacitors, and sensors because of their excellent ferroelectric and other properties. Organic ferroelectrics are desirable for their mechanical flexibility, low weight, environmentally friendly processing, and low processing temperatures. Although almost a century has passed since the first ferroelectric, Rochelle salt, was discovered, examples of highly desirable organic perovskite ferroelectrics are lacking. We found a family of metal-free organic perovskite ferroelectrics with the characteristic three-dimensional structure, among which MDABCO ( N -methyl- N9 -diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium)–ammonium triiodide has a spontaneous polarization of 22 microcoulombs per square centimeter [close to that of barium titanate (BTO)], a high phase transition temperature of 448 kelvins (above that of BTO), and eight possible polarization directions. These attributes make it attractive for use in flexible devices, soft robotics, biomedical devices, and other applications.
489 citations
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TL;DR: Simulation results show that the proposed resource allocation schemes outperform other benchmark schemes and converge fast and have low computational complexity.
Abstract: Mobile edge computing (MEC) and wireless power transfer (WPT) are two promising techniques to enhance the computation capability and to prolong the operational time of low-power wireless devices that are ubiquitous in Internet of Things. However, the computation performance and the harvested energy are significantly impacted by the severe propagation loss. In order to address this issue, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled MEC wireless powered system is studied in this paper. The computation rate maximization problems in a UAV-enabled MEC wireless powered system are investigated under both partial and binary computation offloading modes, subject to the energy harvesting causal constraint and the UAV's speed constraint. These problems are non-convex and challenging to solve. A two-stage algorithm and a three-stage alternative algorithm are respectively proposed for solving the formulated problems. The closed-form expressions for the optimal central processing unit frequencies, user offloading time, and user transmit power are derived. The optimal selection scheme on whether users choose to locally compute or offload computation tasks is proposed for the binary computation offloading mode. Simulation results show that our proposed resource allocation schemes outperforms other benchmark schemes. The results also demonstrate that the proposed schemes converge fast and have low computational complexity.
379 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a bulk-passivation strategy via incorporation of chlorine, to enlarge grains and reduce electronic disorder in mixed tin-lead low-bandgap perovskite absorber layers is reported.
Abstract: Multi-junction all-perovskite tandem solar cells are a promising choice for next-generation solar cells with high efficiency and low fabrication cost. However, the lack of high-quality low-bandgap perovskite absorber layers seriously hampers the development of efficient and stable two-terminal monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Here, we report a bulk-passivation strategy via incorporation of chlorine, to enlarge grains and reduce electronic disorder in mixed tin–lead low-bandgap (~1.25 eV) perovskite absorber layers. This enables the fabrication of efficient low-bandgap perovskite solar cells using thick absorber layers (~750 nm), which is a requisite for efficient tandem solar cells. Such improvement enables the fabrication of two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells with a champion power conversion efficiency of 21% and steady-state efficiency of 20.7%. The efficiency is retained to 85% of its initial performance after 80 h of operation under continuous illumination. Two-terminal monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells are attractive due to their flexible nature and low-cost fabrication. Here the authors develop a process to obtain high-quality Sn–Pb perovskite thin films by incorporating chlorine. Such layers are employed to fabricate 20.7%-efficient tandem cells with 80 h operational stability.
376 citations
TL;DR: Two cheliform non-fullerene acceptors, DTPC-IC andDTPC-DFIC, based on a highly electron-rich core, dithienopicenocarbazole (DTPC), are synthesized, showing ultra-narrow bandgaps and strong electron-donating capability.
Abstract: Two cheliform non-fullerene acceptors, DTPC-IC and DTPC-DFIC, based on a highly electron-rich core, dithienopicenocarbazole (DTPC), are synthesized, showing ultra-narrow bandgaps (as low as 1.21 eV). The two-dimensional nitrogen-containing conjugated DTPC possesses strong electron-donating capability, which induces intense intramolecular charge transfer and intermolecular π–π stacking in derived acceptors. The solar cell based on DTPC-DFIC and a spectrally complementary polymer donor, PTB7-Th, showed a high power conversion efficiency of 10.21% and an extremely low energy loss of 0.45 eV, which is the lowest among reported efficient OSCs.
345 citations
TL;DR: This review is expected to provide helpful insights for further enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs in this exciting field of thin film solar cell technology.
Abstract: As rapid progress has been achieved in emerging thin film solar cell technology, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have aroused many concerns with several desired properties for photovoltaic applications, including large absorption coefficients, excellent carrier mobility, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, low-cost, and unbelievable progress. Power conversion efficiencies increased from 3.8% in 2009 up to the current world record of 22.1%. However, poor long-term stability of PVSCs limits the future commercial application. Here, the degradation mechanisms for unstable perovskite materials and their corresponding solar cells are discussed. The strategies for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs are also summarized. This review is expected to provide helpful insights for further enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs in this exciting field.
336 citations
TL;DR: An effective strategy is proposed, using a bifunctional tubular cobalt perselenide nanosheet electrode, in which the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction is substituted with anodic hydrazine oxidation so as to assist energy-efficient hydrogen production.
Abstract: Water electrolysis is a promising source of hydrogen; however, technological challenges remain. Intensive efforts have focused on developing highly efficient and earth-abundant electrocatalysts for water splitting. An effective strategy is proposed, using a bifunctional tubular cobalt perselenide nanosheet electrode, in which the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction is substituted with anodic hydrazine oxidation so as to assist energy-efficient hydrogen production. Specifically, this electrode produces a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at -84 mV for hydrogen evolution and -17 mV for hydrazine oxidation in 1.0 m KOH and 0.5 m hydrazine electrolyte. An ultralow cell voltage of only 164 mV is required to generate a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for 14 hours of stable water electrolysis.
TL;DR: This correspondence studies a UAV-enabled data collection system, and considers two practical UAV trajectories, namely circular flight and straight flight, to find the optimal GT transmit power and UAV trajectory that achieve different Pareto optimal tradeoffs between them.
Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have a great potential for improving the performance of wireless communication systems due to their high mobility. In this correspondence, we study a UAV-enabled data collection system, where a UAV is dispatched to collect a given amount of data from a ground terminal (GT) at fixed location. Intuitively, if the UAV flies closer to the GT, the uplink transmission energy of the GT required to send the target data can be more reduced. However, such UAV movement may consume more propulsion energy of the UAV, which needs to be properly controlled to save its limited on-board energy. As a result, the transmission energy reduction of the GT is generally at the cost of higher propulsion energy consumption of the UAV, which leads to a new fundamental energy tradeoff in ground-to-UAV wireless communication. To characterize this tradeoff, we consider two practical UAV trajectories, namely circular flight and straight flight. In each case, we first derive the energy consumption expressions of the UAV and GT and then find the optimal GT transmit power and UAV trajectory that achieve different Pareto optimal tradeoffs between them. Numerical results are provided to corroborate our study.
TL;DR: This work presents safety and preliminary antitumour activity of camrelizumab alone as second-line therapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma and combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin as first-line Therapy in this patient population.
Abstract: Summary Background Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy regimens, preferentially gemcitabine plus cisplatin, are generally considered the first-line standard of care for patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma However, no consensus has been reached regarding treatment following progression after first-line therapy Camrelizumab (SHR-1210) is a humanised anti-programmed death-1 (anti PD-1) antibody We present safety and preliminary antitumour activity of camrelizumab alone as second-line therapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma and combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin as first-line therapy in this patient population Methods We report the results from two single-arm, phase 1 trials Both trials included patients aged 18–70 years with histologically or cytologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma and confirmed metastatic disease or locoreginal recurrence, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 Patients who received at least one previous line of treatment were enrolled at five academic hospitals in China into the dose-escalation and expansion trial to receive camrelizumab monotherapy intravenously at escalating doses of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg, and a bridging dose of 200 mg per dose once every 2 weeks (monotherapy trial) Treatment-naive patients were enrolled from a single centre in China to receive six cycles of camrelizumab 200 mg (day 1), gemcitabine 1 g/m2 (days 1 and 8), and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 (day 1) every 3 weeks followed by camrelizumab 200 mg maintenance once every 3 weeks (combination trial) The primary endpoint of both trials was the safety and tolerability of the study treatment Analyses were done per protocol Both trials are registered with ClinicalTrialsgov , number NCT02721589 (camrelizumab monotherapy trial) and NCT03121716 (camrelizumab combination trial) Both trials are ongoing, but are no longer enrolling patients Findings In the camrelizumab monotherapy trial, between March 31, 2016, and Sept 20, 2017, 121 patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 93 patients were enrolled across the dose-escalation and expansion cohorts and received at least one dose of camrelizumab (safety population) 15 (16%) of 93 patients had treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4, the most common of which were elevated conjugated bilirubin concentration (three [3%] of 93 patients), stomatitis, anaemia, and increased concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin, each of which occurred in two (2%) patients Eight (9%) patients had a treatment-related serious adverse event No dose-limiting toxic effects were observed during the dose-escalation phase 31 (34%; 95% CI 24–44) of 91 evaluable patients on camrelizumab monotherapy had an overall response with a median follow-up of 9·9 months (IQR 8·1–11·7) In the camrelizumab combination trial, between April 18, 2017, and Aug 15, 2017, 24 patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 23 patients were enrolled and treated (safety population) 20 (87%) of 23 patients had grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events: neutropenia (13 [57%] of 23 patients), anaemia (11 [48%] patients), leucopenia (11 [48%] patients), thrombocytopenia (seven [30%] patients), oedema (two [9%] patients), hyponatraemia (two [9%] patients), hypochloraemia (one [4%] patients), and rash (one [4%] patient) Two patients had treatment-related serious adverse events No treatment-related deaths occurred in these trials 20 (91% [95% CI 72–97]) of 22 evaluable patients had an overall response with a median follow-up time of 10·2 months (IQR 9·7–10·8) Interpretation Camrelizumab is a well tolerated, potential treatment option for patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma The combination of camrelizumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin has a manageable toxicity profile and promising preliminary antitumour activity for this disease in treatment-naive patients Randomised controlled trials are needed to further establish the role of immune checkpoint inhibition for nasopharyngeal carcinomas Funding Hengrui Medicine Co, Chinese National Natural Science Foundation project, Science and Technology Program of Guangdong, Pearl River Nova Program of Guangzhou
TL;DR: A unique outlook on the paths toward commercialization of PVKSCs from the interfacial engineering perspective is offered, relevant to both specialists and nonspecialists in the field through a brief introduction of the background of the field, current state-of-the-art evolution, and future research prospects.
Abstract: High-efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cells (PVKSCs) are an ideal candidate for addressing the scalability challenge of solar-based renewable energy. The dynamically evolving research field of PVKSCs has made immense progress in solving inherent challenges and capitalizing on their unique structure-property-processing-performance traits. This review offers a unique outlook on the paths toward commercialization of PVKSCs from the interfacial engineering perspective, relevant to both specialists and nonspecialists in the field through a brief introduction of the background of the field, current state-of-the-art evolution, and future research prospects. The multifaceted role of interfaces in facilitating PVKSC development is explained. Beneficial impacts of diverse charge-transporting materials and interfacial modifications are summarized. In addition, the role of interfaces in improving efficiency and stability for all emerging areas of PVKSC design are also evaluated. The authors' integral contributions in this area are highlighted on all fronts. Finally, future research opportunities for interfacial material development and applications along with scalability-durability-sustainability considerations pivotal for facilitating laboratory to industry translation are presented.
TL;DR: This work comprehensively review the recent advances in MI-FL sensors construction and applications, giving insights on sensing principles and signal transduction mechanisms, focusing on general construction strategies for intrinsically fluorescent or nonfluorescent analytes and improvement strategies in sensing performance, particularly in sensitivity.
TL;DR: The main aim of this review is to give an overview of the endocrine, testicular, ovarian, neural, hepatotoxic, and cardiotoxic effects of DEHP on animal models and humans in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract: Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is extensively used as a plasticizer in many products, especially medical devices, furniture materials, cosmetics, and personal care products. DEHP is noncovalently bound to plastics, and therefore, it will leach out of these products after repeated use, heating, and/or cleaning of the products. Due to the overuse of DEHP in many products, it enters and pollutes the environment through release from industrial settings and plastic waste disposal sites. DEHP can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact on a daily basis, which has raised some concerns about its safety and its potential effects on human health. The main aim of this review is to give an overview of the endocrine, testicular, ovarian, neural, hepatotoxic, and cardiotoxic effects of DEHP on animal models and humans in vitro and in vivo.
TL;DR: Since the ‘Fourth Chinese National Consensus Report on the management of H. pylori infection’ was published in 2012, three important consensuses (Kyoto global consensus report on H.pylori gastritis, The Toronto Consensus for the Treatment ofH. pylonori infection and the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus report) have been published regarding the management.
Abstract: Background Since the 'Fourth Chinese National Consensus Report on the management of H. pylori infection' was published in 2012, three important consensuses (Kyoto global consensus report on H. pylori gastritis, The Toronto Consensus for the Treatment of H. pylori Infection in Adults and Management of H. pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report) have been published regarding the management of H. pylori infection. Materials and methods A Delphi method was adopted to develop the consensus of relevant 'statements'. First, the established 'statements' were sent to experts via email. Second, after undergoing two rounds of consultation, the initial statements were discussed face to face and revised in the conference item by item on 16 December 2016. Finally, 21 core members of conferees participated in the final vote of statements. Voting for each statement was performed using an electronic system with levels of agreements shown on the screen in real time. Results Consensus contents contained a total of 48 "statements" and related 6 parts, including indications for H. pylori eradication, diagnosis, treatment, H. pylori and gastric cancer, H. pylori infection in special populations, H. pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota. Conclusions Recommendations are provided on the basis of the best available evidence.
TL;DR: The optimization results demonstrate that a wind and solar energy based hybrid system with electrochemical storage offers more cost effective and reliable energy than a hybrid system for renewable energy with chemical storage.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate a general approach to porous carbons decorated with boron centers and atomically dispersed Fe-Nx species, which can serve as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium with a half-wave potential of 0.838 V vs RHE.
Abstract: The development of porous carbon materials as highly efficient, durable, and economic electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great importance for realizing practical applications of many significant energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, we demonstrate a general approach to porous carbons decorated with boron centers and atomically dispersed Fe–Nx species (denoted as FeBNC). The as-prepared FeBNC can serve as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR in an alkaline medium with a half-wave potential of 0.838 V vs RHE, comparable to that of the state-of-the-art porous carbon catalysts and the benchmark system Pt/C. Theoretical calculation reveals that incorporation of boron dopant into traditional Fe–Nx species-enriched porous carbons significantly lowers the energy barrier for oxygen reduction and therefore boosts the overall performance. This work not only provides an easy method to synthesize B-doped Fe–Nx centers-enriched porous carbons as highly efficient electrocatalysts for ORR a...
TL;DR: In this article, a review of UMS membranes is presented, highlighting the unique separation capabilities, theories underpinning UMS membrane fabrication, traditional polymeric materials and nanomaterials emerging on the horizon for advanced UMS fabrication and technical applications.
TL;DR: This review found that relative high temperature, long reaction residence time, slow heating rate, high pressure, the presence of some minerals and biomass feedstock of high-lignin content with large particle size are preferable to biochar stability, however, challenges exist to mediate the trade-offs between bio char stability and other potential wins.
TL;DR: In this paper, an artificial-noise-aided cooperative jamming scheme is proposed to improve the security of the primary network in a multiple-input single-output (MISO) NOMA CR network.
Abstract: Cognitive radio (CR) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) have been deemed two promising technologies due to their potential to achieve high spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. This paper studies a multiple-input single-output NOMA CR network relying on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer conceived for supporting a massive population of power limited battery-driven devices. In contrast to most of the existing works, which use an ideally linear energy harvesting model, this study applies a more practical non-linear energy harvesting model. In order to improve the security of the primary network, an artificial-noise-aided cooperative jamming scheme is proposed. The artificial-noise-aided beamforming design problems are investigated subject to the practical secrecy rate and energy harvesting constraints. Specifically, the transmission power minimization problems are formulated under both perfect channel state information (CSI) and the bounded CSI error model. The problems formulated are non-convex, hence they are challenging to solve. A pair of algorithms either using semidefinite relaxation (SDR) or a cost function are proposed for solving these problems. Our simulation results show that the proposed cooperative jamming scheme succeeds in establishing secure communications and NOMA is capable of outperforming the conventional orthogonal multiple access in terms of its power efficiency. Finally, we demonstrate that the cost function algorithm outperforms the SDR-based algorithm.
TL;DR: The gut metagenomes of postmenopausal breast cancer patients were enriched in genes encoding lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, iron complex transport system, PTS system, secretion system, and beta-oxidation, indicating that the gut microbiota may regulate or respond to host immunity and metabolic balance.
Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The composition and functional capacity of gut microbiota associated with breast cancer have not been studied systematically. We performed a comprehensive shotgun metagenomic analysis of 18 premenopausal breast cancer patients, 25 premenopausal healthy controls, 44 postmenopausal breast cancer patients, and 46 postmenopausal healthy controls. Microbial diversity was higher in breast cancer patients than in controls. Relative species abundance in gut microbiota did not differ significantly between premenopausal breast cancer patients and premenopausal controls. In contrast, relative abundance of 45 species differed significantly between postmenopausal patients and postmenopausal controls: 38 species were enriched in postmenopausal patients, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp_1_1_55, Prevotella amnii, Enterococcus gallinarum, Actinomyces sp. HPA0247, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Erwinia amylovora, and 7 species were less abundant in postmenopausal patients, including Eubacterium eligens and Lactobacillus vaginalis. Acinetobacter radioresistens and Enterococcus gallinarum were positively but weakly associated with expression of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Shewanella putrefaciens and Erwinia amylovora were positively but weakly associated with estradiol levels. Actinomyces sp. HPA0247 negatively but weakly correlated with CD3+CD8+ T cell numbers. Further characterization of metagenome functional capacity indicated that the gut metagenomes of postmenopausal breast cancer patients were enriched in genes encoding lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, iron complex transport system, PTS system, secretion system, and beta-oxidation. The composition and functions of the gut microbial community differ between postmenopausal breast cancer patients and healthy controls. The gut microbiota may regulate or respond to host immunity and metabolic balance. Thus, while cause and effect cannot be determined, there is a reproducible change in the microbiota of treatment-naive patients relative to matched controls.
TL;DR: The mechanisms that AMPK controls energy metabolism through regulating ATP synthesis and consumption are reviewed, and the deregulation of AMPK in cancers is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a one-step and general strategy to achieve the hydrophobic-to-superhydrophilic transformation of commercial membranes on the basis of catechol chemistry, i.e., codeposition of tannic acid (TA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in aqueous solution.
Abstract: Superhydrophilic membranes have drawn much attention owing to their outstanding anti-fouling performance and ultrahigh permeation flux for wastewater treatment and oil–water separation Since most widely used polymer membranes have high intrinsic hydrophobicity, a universal approach for superhydrophilic modification is highly required Yet, how to simply transform highly hydrophobic membranes into superhydrophilic ones is still a challenge Herein, we develop a one-step and general strategy to achieve the hydrophobic-to-superhydrophilic transformation of commercial membranes on the basis of catechol chemistry, ie, co-deposition of tannic acid (TA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in aqueous solution Owing to the distinct adhesion properties of TA and the reaction between the oxidative product of TA and the hydrolysis product of APTES, hydrophilic and hierarchical layer-colloidal nanospheres can be in situ assembled on various highly hydrophobic membranes including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), copper mesh, stainless steel wire, and nylon mesh The resulting superhydrophilic membrane can realize high-efficiency separation of various oil-in-water emulsions
TL;DR: The prediction model based on deep learning exhibits the advantages including higher precision, higher efficiency and higher generalization ability compared with the traditional neural network model, and could be considered as a new method for calculating the strength of recycled concrete.
TL;DR: Poly(dopamine) (PDA), a melanin-like material, is similar in structure and properties to eumelanin and has attracted considerable interest for various types of biological applications.
TL;DR: Inhibitory effects resulted from the toxic compounds in AP and alleviation strategies are discussed, allowing a closed-loop biofuel production in microalgae HTL biofuel system.
TL;DR: In this article, physicochemical characteristics, functional properties and amino acid composition of protein extracts from Mung bean were determined and analyzed for discovering its potential in the food industry, which indicated that MPI and albumin could be used as potential nutraceutical or ingredient of functional and health-promoting foods.
TL;DR: In this paper, two non-fullerene acceptors based on an S,N-heteroacene backbone were designed and synthesized to improve the electron-donating ability to increase the energy levels of the molecules.
Abstract: Two novel non-fullerene acceptors, SN6IC and SN6IC-4F, based on an S,N-heteroacene backbone were designed and synthesized. The cyclopentadiene fragments of commonly used acceptors were replaced with pyrrole rings to improve the electron-donating ability to increase the energy levels of the molecules. Both acceptors match well with the absorption and energy levels of the polymer donor PBDB-T, and PBDB-T:SN6IC-4F-based solar cells showed an excellent power conversion efficiency of 13.2%, with a relatively small VOC loss of 0.54 eV. This study proves that the introduction of a nitrogen atom to replace the sp3-hybridized carbon in the fused ring is very effective for making highly efficient NFAs to further improve the performance of organic solar cells.