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Showing papers by "Nanjing Tech University published in 2015"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A fundamental principle to design organic molecules with extended lifetimes of excited states is outlined, providing a major step forward in expanding the scope of organic phosphorescence applications.
Abstract: The control of the emission properties of synthetic organic molecules through molecular design has led to the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices with tunable emission colours, high quantum efficiencies and efficient energy/charge transfer processes. However, the task of generating excited states with long lifetimes has been met with limited success, owing to the ultrafast deactivation of the highly active excited states. Here, we present a design rule that can be used to tune the emission lifetime of a wide range of luminescent organic molecules, based on effective stabilization of triplet excited states through strong coupling in H-aggregated molecules. Our experimental data revealed that luminescence lifetimes up to 1.35 s, which are several orders of magnitude longer than those of conventional organic fluorophores, can be realized under ambient conditions. These results outline a fundamental principle to design organic molecules with extended lifetimes of excited states, providing a major step forward in expanding the scope of organic phosphorescence applications.

1,190 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This tutorial review aims to present the latest groundbreaking advances in both the theoretical and experimental chemical science and engineering of graphene-based membranes, including their design, fabrication and application.
Abstract: Graphene is a well-known two-dimensional material that exhibits preeminent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties owing to its unique one-atom-thick structure. Graphene and its derivatives (e.g., graphene oxide) have become emerging nano-building blocks for separation membranes featuring distinct laminar structures and tunable physicochemical properties. Extraordinary molecular separation properties for purifying water and gases have been demonstrated by graphene-based membranes, which have attracted a huge surge of interest during the past few years. This tutorial review aims to present the latest groundbreaking advances in both the theoretical and experimental chemical science and engineering of graphene-based membranes, including their design, fabrication and application. Special attention will be given to the progresses in processing graphene and its derivatives into separation membranes with three distinct forms: a porous graphene layer, assembled graphene laminates and graphene-based composites. Moreover, critical views on separation mechanisms within graphene-based membranes will be provided based on discussing the effect of inter-layer nanochannels, defects/pores and functional groups on molecular transport. Furthermore, the separation performance of graphene-based membranes applied in pressure filtration, pervaporation and gas separation will be summarized. This article is expected to provide a compact source of relevant and timely information and will be of great interest to all chemists, physicists, materials scientists, engineers and students entering or already working in the field of graphene-based membranes and functional films.

884 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work demonstrates a convenient, versatile approach to dynamically fine-tuning emission in the full colour range from a new class of core-shell upconversion nanocrystals by adjusting the pulse width of infrared laser beams and suggests that the unprecedented colour tunability from these nanocry crystals is governed by a non-steady-state upconverting process.
Abstract: Developing light-harvesting materials with tunable emission colours has always been at the forefront of colour display technologies. The variation in materials composition, phase and structure can provide a useful tool for producing a wide range of emission colours, but controlling the colour gamut in a material with a fixed composition remains a daunting challenge. Here, we demonstrate a convenient, versatile approach to dynamically fine-tuning emission in the full colour range from a new class of core-shell upconversion nanocrystals by adjusting the pulse width of infrared laser beams. Our mechanistic investigations suggest that the unprecedented colour tunability from these nanocrystals is governed by a non-steady-state upconversion process. These findings provide keen insights into controlling energy transfer in out-of-equilibrium optical processes, while offering the possibility for the construction of true three-dimensional, full-colour display systems with high spatial resolution and locally addressable colour gamut.

777 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reduction/Evolution Catalysts for Low-Temperature Electrochemical Devices Dengjie Chen, ⊥,∇ Chi Chen,†,⊥ Zarah Medina Baiyee,‡,§ and Francesco Ciucci*,†.
Abstract: Reduction/Evolution Catalysts for Low-Temperature Electrochemical Devices Dengjie Chen,†,⊥,∇ Chi Chen,†,⊥ Zarah Medina Baiyee,† Zongping Shao,‡,§ and Francesco Ciucci*,†,∥ †Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ‡State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

726 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main purpose of this review paper is to provide a current summary of recent progress in perovskite materials for use in these important areas and to provide some useful guidelines for future development in these hot research areas.
Abstract: Meeting the growing global energy demand is one of the important challenges of the 21st century. Currently over 80% of the world's energy requirements are supplied by the combustion of fossil fuels, which promotes global warming and has deleterious effects on our environment. Moreover, fossil fuels are non-renewable energy and will eventually be exhausted due to the high consumption rate. A new type of alternative energy that is clean, renewable and inexpensive is urgently needed. Several candidates are currently available such as hydraulic power, wind force and nuclear power. Solar energy is particularly attractive because it is essentially clean and inexhaustible. A year's worth of sunlight would provide more than 100 times the energy of the world's entire known fossil fuel reserves. Photocatalysis and photovoltaics are two of the most important routes for the utilization of solar energy. However, environmental protection is also critical to realize a sustainable future, and water pollution is a serious problem of current society. Photocatalysis is also an essential route for the degradation of organic dyes in wastewater. A type of compound with the defined structure of perovskite (ABX3) was observed to play important roles in photocatalysis and photovoltaics. These materials can be used as photocatalysts for water splitting reaction for hydrogen production and photo-degradation of organic dyes in wastewater as well as for photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells and light absorbers in perovskite-based solar cells for electricity generation. In this review paper, the recent progress of perovskites for applications in these fields is comprehensively summarized. A description of the basic principles of the water splitting reaction, photo-degradation of organic dyes and solar cells as well as the requirements for efficient photocatalysts is first provided. Then, emphasis is placed on the designation and strategies for perovskite catalysts to improve their photocatalytic activity and/or light adsorption capability. Comments on current and future challenges are also provided. The main purpose of this review paper is to provide a current summary of recent progress in perovskite materials for use in these important areas and to provide some useful guidelines for future development in these hot research areas.

661 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work presents an approach to synthesize n-type flexible thermoelectric materials through a facile electrochemical intercalation method, fabricating a hybrid superlattice of alternating inorganic TiS2 monolayers and organic cations.
Abstract: Organic semiconductors are attracting increasing interest as flexible thermoelectric materials owing to material abundance, easy processing and low thermal conductivity. Although progress in p-type polymers and composites has been reported, their n-type counterpart has fallen behind owing to difficulties in n-type doping of organic semiconductors. Here, we present an approach to synthesize n-type flexible thermoelectric materials through a facile electrochemical intercalation method, fabricating a hybrid superlattice of alternating inorganic TiS2 monolayers and organic cations. Electrons were externally injected into the inorganic layers and then stabilized by organic cations, providing n-type carriers for current and energy transport. An electrical conductivity of 790 S cm(-1) and a power factor of 0.45 mW m(-1) K(-2) were obtained for a hybrid superlattice of TiS2/[(hexylammonium)x(H2O)y(DMSO)z], with an in-plane lattice thermal conductivity of 0.12 ± 0.03 W m(-1) K(-1), which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the thermal conductivities of the single-layer and bulk TiS2. High power factor and low thermal conductivity contributed to a thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, of 0.28 at 373 K, which might find application in wearable electronics.

578 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dr. W. Bu Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 and Prof. J. Shi State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfi ne Microstructures Shanghai Institute of Ceramic Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050.
Abstract: Dr. W. Fan, Prof. W. Bu, Dr. Q. He, Dr. Z. Cui, Dr. Y. Liu, Prof. J. Shi State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfi ne Microstructures Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China E-mail: wbbu@mail.sic.ac.cn; jlshi@mail.sic.ac.cn Prof. W. Bu Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China Dr. B. Shen Institute of Radiation Medicine Fudan University Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China Dr. X. Zheng Department of Radiation Oncology Shanghai Huadong Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200040 , P. R. China Dr. K. Zhao Department of Radiology Shanghai Cancer Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China

575 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an extensive description of binary transition metal oxides (BTMO) materials and the most commonly used synthetic methods for supercapacitors and review several notable BTMOs and their composites in application of supercapACitors.
Abstract: Binary transition metal oxides (BTMOs) possess higher reversible capacity, better structural stability and electronic conductivity, and have been widely studied to be novel electrode materials for supercapacitors. In this review, we present an extensive description of BTMO materials and the most commonly used synthetic methods. Furthermore, we review several notable BTMOs and their composites in application of supercapacitors. With the increasing attention for energy storage, more and more exciting results about BTMO materials will be reported in the future.

483 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Li4Ti5O12-based electrodes have attracted considerable attentions as a potential anode material for high power applications due to several outstanding features, including a flat charge/discharge plateaus (around 1.55 V vs. Li/Li+) because of the two-phase lithium insertion/extraction mechanism and minimum chance for the formation of SEI and dendritic lithium, dramatically enhance the potential for high rate capability and safety as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Advanced electrical energy storage technology is a game changer for a clean, sustainable, and secure energy future because efficient utilization of newable energy hinges on cost-effect and efficient energy storage. Further, the viability of many emerging technologies depends on breakthroughs in energy storage technologies, including electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and smart grids. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a great success in the portable electronics sector, are believed also the most promising power sources for emerging technologies such as EVs and smart grids. To date, however, the existing LIBs (with LiCoOx cathode and graphite anode) are still unable to meet the strict requirements for safety, cycling stability, and rate capability. The development of advanced anode materials, which can overcome the shortcomings of graphite anode (such as formation of dendritic lithium during charge and undesirable solid electrolyte interface), is of critical importance to enhancing the cycling stability and operational safety of LIBs. Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) has recently attracted considerable attentions as a potential anode material of LIBs for high power applications due to several outstanding features, including a flat charge/discharge plateaus (around 1.55 V vs. Li/Li+) because of the two-phase lithium insertion/extraction mechanism and minimum chance for the formation of SEI and dendritic lithium, dramatically enhance the potential for high rate capability and safety. In addition, there is almost no volume change during the lithium insertion and extraction processes, ensuring a high cycling stability and long operational life. However, the electronic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12 is relatively low, resulting in large polarization lose, more so at higher cycling rates, and poor rate performance. Currently, considerable research efforts have been devoted to improving the performance of Li4Ti5O12 at fast charge/discharge rates, and some important progresses have been made. In this review, we first present a general overview of the structural features, thermodynamic properties, transport properties, and the electrochemical behavior of Li4Ti5O12 under typical battery operating conditions. We then provide a comprehensive review of the recent advancements made in characterization, modification, and applications of Li4Ti5O12 electrodes to LIBs, including nanostructuring, surface coating, morphological optimization, doping, and rational design of composite electrodes. Finally, we highlight the critical challenges facing us today and future perspectives for further development of Li4Ti5O12-based electrodes. It is hoped that this review may provide some useful guidelines for rational design of better electrodes for advanced LIBs.

482 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fe-impregnated biochar can be used as a low-cost filter material to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions and is suggested to be mainly controlled by the chemisorption mechanism.

435 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The perovskite SrNb0.1 Co0.7 Fe0.2 O3-δ (SNCF) is a promising OER electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with remarkable activity and stability in alkaline solutions.
Abstract: The perovskite SrNb0.1 Co0.7 Fe0.2 O3-δ (SNCF) is a promising OER electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with remarkable activity and stability in alkaline solutions. This catalyst exhibits a higher intrinsic OER activity, a smaller Tafel slope and better stability than the state-of-the-art precious-metal IrO2 catalyst and the well-known BSCF perovskite. The mass activity and stability are further improved by ball milling. Several factors including the optimized eg orbital filling, good ionic and charge transfer abilities, as well as high OH(-) adsorption and O2 desorption capabilities possibly contribute to the excellent OER activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The synthesis, chemical modification and potential applications of MOFs have been reviewed previously, and there is an increasing awareness on the synthesis and applications of their composites, which have rarely been reviewed.
Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystallized porous polymeric materials consisting of metal ions or clusters linked together by organic bridging ligands. Due to their permanent porosity, rich surface chemistry and tuneable pore sizes, MOFs have emerged as one type of important porous solid and have attracted intensive interests in catalysis, gas adsorption, separation and storage over the past two decades. When compared with pure MOFs, the combination of MOFs with functional species or matrix materials not only shows enhanced properties, but also broadens the applications of MOFs in new fields, such as bio-imaging, drug delivery and electrical catalysis, owing to the interactions of the functional species/matrix with the MOF structures. Although the synthesis, chemical modification and potential applications of MOFs have been reviewed previously, there is an increasing awareness on the synthesis and applications of their composites, which have rarely been reviewed. This review aims to fill this gap and discuss the fabrication, properties, and applications of MOF composites. The remaining challenges and future opportunities in this field, in terms of processing techniques, maximizing composite properties, and prospects for applications, have also been indicated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: PMS oxidation with CoMn2O4 is an efficient technique for remediation of organic contaminants in wastewater and could maintain its catalytic activity in the repeated batch experiments, and a rational mechanism was proposed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The CuFe2O4@C3N4 sample exhibited stable performance without obvious loss of catalytic activity after five successive runs, showing a promising application for the photo-oxidative degradation of environmental contaminants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Liu et al. employed in situ strain photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy to exploit the evolutions of the electronic band structure and lattice vibrational responses of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer tungsten disulphide (WS2) under uniaxial tensile strain.
Abstract: In situ strain photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy have been employed to exploit the evolutions of the electronic band structure and lattice vibrational responses of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer tungsten disulphide (WS2) under uniaxial tensile strain. Observable broadening and appearance of an extra small feature at the longer-wavelength side shoulder of the PL peak occur under 2.5% strain, which could indicate the direct-indirect bandgap transition and is further confirmed by our density-functional-theory calculations. As the strain increases further, the spectral weight of the indirect transition gradually increases. Over the entire strain range, with the increase of the strain, the light emissions corresponding to each optical transition, such as the direct bandgap transition (K-K) and indirect bandgap transition (Γ-K, ≥2.5%), exhibit a monotonous linear redshift. In addition, the binding energy of the indirect transition is found to be larger than that of the direct transition, and the slight lowering of the trion dissociation energy with increasing strain is observed. The strain was used to modulate not only the electronic band structure but also the lattice vibrations. The softening and splitting of the in-plane E’ mode is observed under uniaxial tensile strain, and polarization-dependent Raman spectroscopy confirms the observed zigzag-oriented edge of WS2 grown by CVD in previous studies. These findings enrich our understanding of the strained states of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials and lay a foundation for developing applications exploiting their strain-dependent optical properties, including the strain detection and light-emission modulation of such emerging two-dimensional TMDs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the recent advances in mesoporous solid bases is provided and each category is illustrated with typical examples and the fundamental principles of how to design and fabricate basic materials with mesostructure are highlighted.
Abstract: Mesoporous solid bases are extremely desirable in green catalytic processes, due to their advantages of accelerated mass transport, negligible corrosion, and easy separation. Great progress has been made in mesoporous solid bases in the last decade. In addition to their wide applications in the catalytic synthesis of organics and fine chemicals, mesoporous solid bases have also been used in the field of energy and environmental catalysis. Development of mesoporous solid bases is therefore of significant importance from both academic and practical points of view. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in mesoporous solid bases, which is basically grouped by the support type and each category is illustrated with typical examples. Cooperative catalysts derived from the incorporation of additional functionalities (i.e. acid and metal) into mesoporous solid bases are also included. The fundamental principles of how to design and fabricate basic materials with mesostructure are highlighted. The mechanism of the formation of basic sites in different mesoporous systems is discussed as well.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Minireview summarizes recent developments in the application of surfactants for the preparation of new crystalline inorganic materials, including chalcogenides, metal-organic frameworks, and zeolite analogues.
Abstract: Given that surfactants can control the shape and size of micro-/nanoparticles, they should be able to direct the growth of bulk crystals. This Minireview summarizes recent developments in the application of surfactants for the preparation of new crystalline inorganic materials, including chalcogenides, metal-organic frameworks, and zeolite analogues. The roles of surfactants in different reaction systems are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new preparation method for non-nucleophilic electrolyte solutions using a two-step reaction in one-pot is presented, which provides a feasible way to optimize the physiochemical properties of the electrolyte for the application in magnesium sulfur batteries.
Abstract: The combination of a magnesium anode with a sulfur cathode is one of the most promising electrochemical couples because of its advantages of good safety, low cost, and a high theoretical energy density. However, magnesium sulfur batteries are still in a very early stage of research and development, and the discovery of suitable electrolytes is the key challenge for further improvement. Here, a new preparation method for non-nucleophilic electrolyte solutions using a two-step reaction in one-pot is presented, which provides a feasible way to optimize the physiochemical properties of the electrolyte for the application in magnesium sulfur batteries. The first use of modified electrolytes in glymes and binary solvents of glyme and ionic liquid shows beneficial effects on the performance of magnesium sulfur batteries. New insights into the reaction mechanism of electrochemical conversion between magnesium and sulfur are also investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2015-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a facile method for the preparation of nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon materials is proposed, and the carbonation is realized in a ZnCl2 molten salt at a temperature range of 400-700°C.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors systematically summarized the structures and properties of PVDF crystals with different polymorphs, discusses the mechanisms of formation and transformation methods, reviews the crystallization and applications of different PVDF polymorphs in membrane separation, and presents the outlook for applications in membrane operations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two novel imidazoline derivatives, 2-(2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethylamine (1-IM) and 2-( 2-trichloromethymyl- 4,5dihydron-dimitriou-dimethyl-dimethoxide (2-IM), have been investigated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 0.5m HCl solution by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present encapsulation strategy and understanding of hydroxide working mechanisms may advance progress on the development of lithium/sulfur cells for practical use.
Abstract: Elemental sulfur cathodes for lithium/sulfur cells are still in the stage of intensive research due to their unsatisfactory capacity retention and cyclability. The undesired capacity degradation upon cycling originates from gradual diffusion of lithium polysulfides out of the cathode region. To prevent losses of certain intermediate soluble species and extend lifespan of cells, the effective encapsulation of sulfur plays a critical role. Here we report an applicable way, by using thin-layered nickel-based hydroxide as a feasible and effective encapsulation material. In addition to being a durable physical barrier, such hydroxide thin films can irreversibly react with lithium to generate protective layers that combine good ionic permeability and abundant functional polar/hydrophilic groups, leading to drastic improvements in cell behaviours (almost 100% coulombic efficiency and negligible capacity decay within total 500 cycles). Our present encapsulation strategy and understanding of hydroxide working mechanisms may advance progress on the development of lithium/sulfur cells for practical use.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Layered LiCo0.8 Fe0.2 O2 demonstrates dramatically enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and durability in an alkaline solution over LiCoO2 and other reported state-of-the-art catalysts, including benchmark IrO2 .
Abstract: Layered LiCo0.8 Fe0.2 O2 demonstrates dramatically enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and durability in an alkaline solution over LiCoO2 and other reported state-of-the-art catalysts, including benchmark IrO2 . This superior performance is attributed to Fe-doping-induced synergistic effects.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of the latest advances in the development of SOFC cathodes is presented: complex oxides without alkaline earth metal elements (because these elements could be vulnerable to phase segregation and contaminant poisoning). Various strategies are discussed for enhancing ORR activity while minimizing the effect of contaminant on electrode durability.
Abstract: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent one of the cleanest and most efficient options for the direct conversion of a wide variety of fuels to electricity. For example, SOFCs powered by natural gas are ideally suited for distributed power generation. However, the commercialization of SOFC technologies hinges on breakthroughs in materials development to dramatically reduce the cost while enhancing performance and durability. One of the critical obstacles to achieving high-performance SOFC systems is the cathodes for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which perform poorly at low temperatures and degrade over time under operating conditions. Here a comprehensive review of the latest advances in the development of SOFC cathodes is presented: complex oxides without alkaline earth metal elements (because these elements could be vulnerable to phase segregation and contaminant poisoning). Various strategies are discussed for enhancing ORR activity while minimizing the effect of contaminant on electrode durability. Furthermore, some of the critical challenges are briefly highlighted and the prospects for future-generation SOFC cathodes are discussed. A good understanding of the latest advances and remaining challenges in searching for highly active SOFC cathodes with robust tolerance to contaminants may provide useful guidance for the rational design of new materials and structures for commercially viable SOFC technologies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This tutorial review will describe Lewis base-promoted annulation reactions with MBHADs, with a special emphasis on recent work regarding diverse reactivities of MBH ADs.
Abstract: Lewis base-promoted annulation reactions with MBHADs have emerged as a key platform for the construction of functionalized carbo- and heterocycles. MBHADs, which are economical and readily available, exert diverse and amazing reactivity when reacted with a wide range of electrophiles. A variety of carbo- and heterocycles, most of which are predominant in natural products and pharmaceuticals, could be constructed with high efficiency. This tutorial review will describe these annulation reactions, with a special emphasis on recent work regarding diverse reactivities of MBHADs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Account presents different strategies being used for functionalizing platinum complexes, including conjugation with bisphosphonates, peptides, receptor-specific ligands, polymers, nanoparticles, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, metal chelators, or photosensitizers.
Abstract: Platinum-based anticancer drugs are the mainstay of chemotherapy regimens in clinic. Nevertheless, the efficacy of platinum drugs is badly affected by serious systemic toxicities and drug resistance, and the pharmacokinetics of most platinum drugs is largely unknown. In recent years, a keen interest in functionalizing platinum complexes with bioactive molecules, targeting groups, photosensitizers, fluorophores, or nanomaterials has been sparked among chemical and biomedical researchers. The motivation for functionalization comes from some of the following demands: to improve the tumor selectivity or minimize the systemic toxicity of the drugs, to enhance the cellular accumulation of the drugs, to overcome the tumor resistance to the drugs, to visualize the drug molecules in vitro or in vivo, to achieve a synergistic anticancer effect between different therapeutic modalities, or to add extra functionality to the drugs. In this Account, we present different strategies being used for functionalizing platinum complexes, including conjugation with bisphosphonates, peptides, receptor-specific ligands, polymers, nanoparticles, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, metal chelators, or photosensitizers. Among them, bisphosphonates, peptides, and receptor-specific ligands are used for actively targeted drug delivery, polymers and nanoparticles are for passively targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents are for theranostic purposes, metal chelators are for the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and photosensitizers are for photodynamic therapy of cancers. The rationales behind these designs are explained and justified at the molecular or cellular level, associating with the requirements for diagnosis, therapy, and visualization of biological processes. To illustrate the wide range of opportunities and challenges that are emerging in this realm, representative examples of targeted drug delivery systems, anticancer conjugates, anticancer theranostic agents, and anti-AD compounds relevant to functionalized platinum complexes are provided. All the examples exhibit new potential of platinum complexes for future applications in biomedical areas. The emphases of this Account are placed on the functionalization for targeted drug delivery and theranostic agents. In the end, a general assessment of various strategies has been made according to their major shortcomings and defects. The original information in this Account comes entirely from literature appearing since 2010.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a meso-macroporous hierarchical poly(ionic liquid)s (MPILs) with extremely high ionic site densities and tunable pore structures were ionothermally synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of a newly designed rigid bis-vinylimidazolium salt monomer.
Abstract: Meso-macroporous hierarchical poly(ionic liquid)s (MPILs) with extremely high ionic site densities and tunable pore structures were ionothermally synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of our newly designed rigid bis-vinylimidazolium salt monomer. The synthesis avoided the use of any templates, gave a high yield (>99%) and allowed recycling of the IL solvent; thus it is facile, atom-efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable. The synthesized MPILs possessed distinctive features of polycation matrices, abundant halogen anions, and large surface areas. They not only presented enhanced CO2 capture, but led to breakthroughs in the heterogeneous catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates: (1) unprecedented high activity at atmospheric pressure and low temperature; (2) good substrate compatibility, even being active towards the extremely inert aliphatic long carbon-chain alkyl epoxides. This result renders the first occasion of a metal–solvent–additive free recyclable heterogeneous cycloaddition of CO2 at such mild conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This research presents KLOFE, a novel and scalable approach to nanostructured electronic materials that combines high-performance materials and low-tech components that can be integrated into conventional electronics.
Abstract: W. Zhang, Z. Xu, Prof. W. Huang, Prof. F. Huo Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 , PR China W. Zhang, Y. Liu, Prof. G. Lu, Prof. S. Li, C. Cui, J. Wu, Prof. F. Huo School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 , Singapore E-mail: fwhuo@ntu.edu.sg Prof. Y. Yang School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 , Singapore Dr. Y. Wang, Prof. H. Chen Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 , Singapore Z. Xu, Prof. D. Tian College of Science Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 , PR China J. S. DuChene, Prof. W. D. Wei Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanostructured Electronic Materials University of Florida Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, superhydrophilic loose nanofiltration (NF) membranes were applied for textile wastewater treatment and the authors found that cake-enhanced concentration polarization and the formation of a dye cake layer dramatically deteriorated the flux of NF membranes with a synergic effect.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A catalytic domino spirocyclization of 1,7-enynes with simple cycloalkanes and cyclo-1,3-dicarbonyls has been established via multiple C-C bond formations from alkynyl/alkenyl functions and dual α,α-C(sp(3))-H abstraction/insertion.
Abstract: A catalytic domino spirocyclization of 1,7-enynes with simple cycloalkanes and cyclo-1,3-dicarbonyls has been established via multiple C–C bond formations from alkynyl/alkenyl functions and dual α,α-C(sp3)-H abstraction/insertion. The reaction involves addition, 6-exo-dig cyclization and radical coupling sequences under convenient catalytic conditions and provides a concise access to spiro cyclopenta[c]quinolines in good to excellent yields.