Nanjing University

About: Nanjing University is a education organization based out in Nanjing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Adsorption. The organization has 85961 authors who have published 105504 publications receiving 2289036 citations. The organization is also known as: NJU & Nanking University.

Three-dimensional artificial transpiration for efficient solar waste-water treatment

Abstract: Solar steam generation is emerging as promising solar-energy conversion technology for potential applications in desalination, sterilization and chemical purification. Despite the recent use of photon management and thermal insulation, achieving optimum solar steam efficiency requires simultaneous minimization of radiation, convection and conduction losses without compromising light absorption. Inspired by the natural transpiration process in plants, here we report a 3D artificial transpiration device with all three components of heat loss and angular dependence of light absorption minimized, which enables over 85% solar steam efficiency under one sun without external optical or thermal management. It is also demonstrated that this artificial transpiration device can provide a complementary path for waste-water treatment with a minimal carbon footprint, recycling valuable heavy metals and producing purified water directly from waste water contaminated with heavy metal ions.

Spectral Measurement of Electron Antineutrino Oscillation Amplitude and Frequency at Daya Bay

Abstract: A measurement of the energy dependence of antineutrino disappearance at the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. Electron antineutrinos (ν¯_e) from six 2.9 GW_(th) reactors were detected with six detectors deployed in two near (effective baselines 512 and 561 m) and one far (1579 m) underground experimental halls. Using 217 days of data, 41 589 (203 809 and 92 912) antineutrino candidates were detected in the far hall (near halls). An improved measurement of the oscillation amplitude sin^2 2θ_(13) = 0.090^(+0.008)_(−0.009) and the first direct measurement of the ν¯e mass-squared difference |Δm2ee|=(2.59^(+0.19)_(−0.20))×10^−3 eV^2 is obtained using the observed ν¯_e rates and energy spectra in a three-neutrino framework. This value of |Δm^(2)_(ee)| is consistent with |Δm^(2)_(μμ)| measured by muon neutrino disappearance, supporting the three-flavor oscillation model.

Molecular magnetic materials based on 4d and 5d transition metals.

Abstract: The study of paramagnetic compounds based on 4d and 5d transition metals is an emerging research topic in the field of molecular magnetism. An essential driving force for the interest in this area is the fact that heavier metal ions introduce important attributes to the physical properties of paramagnetic compounds. Among the attractive characteristics of heavier elements vis-a-vis magnetism are the diffuse nature of their d orbitals, their strong magnetic anisotropy owing to enhanced spin–orbit coupling, and their diverse structural and redox properties. This critical review is intended to introduce readers to the topic and to report recent progress in this area. It is not fully comprehensive in scope although we strived to include all relevant topics and a large subset of references in the area. Herein we provide a survey of the history and current status of research that has been conducted on the topic of second and third row transition metal molecular magnetism. The article is organized according to the nature of the precursor building blocks with special topics being highlighted as illustrations of the special role of heavier transition metal ions in the field. This paper is addressed to readers who are interested in molecular magnetism and the application of coordination chemistry principles to materials synthesis (231 references).

Selective Phosphate Removal from Water and Wastewater using Sorption: Process Fundamentals and Removal Mechanisms.

Abstract: Eutrophication of water bodies is a serious and widespread environmental problem. Achieving low levels of phosphate concentration to prevent eutrophication is one of the important goals of the wastewater engineering and surface water management. Meeting the increasingly stringent standards is feasible in using a phosphate-selective sorption system. This critical review discusses the most fundamental aspects of selective phosphate removal processes and highlights gains from the latest developments of phosphate-selective sorbents. Selective sorption of phosphate over other competing anions can be achieved based on their differences in acid-base properties, geometric shapes, and metal complexing abilities. Correspondingly, interaction mechanisms between the phosphate and sorbent are categorized as hydrogen bonding, shape complementarity, and inner-sphere complexation, and their representative sorbents are organic-functionalized materials, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal-based materials, respectively. Dominating factors affecting the phosphate sorption performance of these sorbents are critically examined, along with a discussion of some overlooked facts regarding the development of high-performance sorbents for selective phosphate removal from water and wastewater.

Measurement of the Z/γ* boson transverse momentum distribution in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: This paper describes a measurement of the Z/gamma* boson transverse momentum spectrum using ATLAS proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the Z/gamma* -> e(+)e(-) and Z/gamma* -> mu(+)mu(-) channels, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1). Normalized differential cross sections as a function of the Z/gamma* boson transverse momentum are measured for transverse momenta up to 800 GeV. The measurement is performed inclusively for Z/gamma* rapidities up to 2.4, as well as in three rapidity bins. The channel results are combined, compared to perturbative and resummed QCD calculations and used to constrain the parton shower parameters of Monte Carlo generators.