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Institution

Nanjing University

EducationNanjing, China
About: Nanjing University is a education organization based out in Nanjing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Population. The organization has 85961 authors who have published 105504 publications receiving 2289036 citations. The organization is also known as: NJU & Nanking University.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors established a database of precipitation δ18O and used different models to evaluate the climatic controls of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), revealing three distinct domains associated with the influence of the westerlies (northern TP), Indian monsoon (southern TP), and transition in between.
Abstract: The stable oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) in precipitation is an integrated tracer of atmospheric processes worldwide. Since the 1990s, an intensive effort has been dedicated to studying precipitation isotopic composition at more than 20 stations in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) located at the convergence of air masses between the westerlies and Indian monsoon. In this paper, we establish a database of precipitation δ18O and use different models to evaluate the climatic controls of precipitation δ18O over the TP. The spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation δ18O and their relationships with temperature and precipitation reveal three distinct domains, respectively associated with the influence of the westerlies (northern TP), Indian monsoon (southern TP), and transition in between. Precipitation δ18O in the monsoon domain experiences an abrupt decrease in May and most depletion in August, attributable to the shifting moisture origin between Bay of Bengal (BOB) and southern Indian Ocean. High-resolution atmospheric models capture the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation δ18O and their relationships with moisture transport from the westerlies and Indian monsoon. Only in the westerlies domain are atmospheric models able to represent the relationships between climate and precipitation δ18O. More significant temperature effect exists when either the westerlies or Indian monsoon is the sole dominant atmospheric process. The observed and simulated altitude-δ18O relationships strongly depend on the season and the domain (Indian monsoon or westerlies). Our results have crucial implications for the interpretation of paleoclimate records and for the application of atmospheric simulations to quantifying paleoclimate and paleo-elevation changes.

604 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The AIE‐active fluorogen‐loaded BSA NPs show an excellent cancer cell uptake and a prominent tumor‐targeting ability in vivo due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect.
Abstract: Light emission of 2-(2,6-bis((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile (TPA-DCM) is weakened by aggregate formation. Attaching tetraphenylethene (TPE) units as terminals to TPA-DCM dramatically changes its emission behavior: the resulting fluorogen, 2-(2,6-bis((E)-4-(phenyl(4′-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)styryl)-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile (TPE-TPA-DCM), is more emissive in the aggregate state, showing the novel phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Formulation of TPE-TPA-DCM using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the polymer matrix yields uniformly sized protein nanoparticles (NPs) with high brightness and low cytotoxicity. Applications of the fluorogen-loaded BSA NPs for in vitro and in vivo far-red/near-infrared (FR/NIR) bioimaging are successfully demonstrated using MCF-7 breast-cancer cells and a murine hepatoma-22 (H22)-tumor-bearing mouse model, respectively. The AIE-active fluorogen-loaded BSA NPs show an excellent cancer cell uptake and a prominent tumor-targeting ability in vivo due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect.

603 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first experimental demonstration of a rectified energy flux of acoustic waves is presented, on the basis of the earlier theoretical proposal of an 'acoustic diode', to have substantial practical significance in the focusing of ultrasound in medical applications.
Abstract: The detection of acoustic signals is of relevance for a range of practical applications, for example in medical diagnostics. However, whereas rectification of electric current and other energy forms such as thermal flux has been demonstrated, acoustic rectification has not yet been achieved. Here, on the basis of the earlier theoretical proposal of an 'acoustic diode', we present the first experimental demonstration of a rectified energy flux of acoustic waves. A one-dimensional acoustic rectifier is fabricated by coupling a superlattice with a layer of ultrasound contrast agent microbubble suspension. A significant rectifying effect is observed within two frequency bands at locations that agree well with theoretical predictions. Following optimization of the concentration of the microbubble suspension, rectifying ratios can be as high as ~10(4). This realization of an acoustic rectifier should have substantial practical significance, for example in the focusing of ultrasound in medical applications.

600 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible Janus membrane is fabricated by convenient electrospinning process to enable stable and efficient solar desalination, and two functions of solar steam generation, solar absorption and water pumping, are decoupled into different layers, with upper hydrophobic carbon black nanoparticles (CB) coating polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer for light absorption and bottom hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layer to pump water.
Abstract: DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201702884 during desalination process and block the channels for vapor escape, resulting in the reduction of energy transfer efficiency, pure water yield, and unstable performance. Therefore, long-term stability becomes critical issues that need to be addressed. Recently, Janus membrane is emerging as a novel class of materials comprised of a two-layer structure with opposing properties and different functions.[26,27] Since the first study of Janus particle by Cho and Lee in 1985,[28] various Janus such as micelles,[29] rods,[30] and sheets[31] have been fabricated, with wide applications in oil/water separation,[32] switchable ion transport,[33] interfacial mass transfer,[34] and fog collection.[35] Here we demonstrate that a flexible Janus absorber fabricated by convenient electrospinning process can enable stable and efficient solar desalination. Taking advantage of the unique structures of Janus absorbers, two functions of solar steam generation, solar absorption and water pumping, are decoupled into different layers, with upper hydrophobic carbon black nanoparticles (CB) coating polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer for light absorption and water evaporation, and bottom hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layer for pumping water. Therefore, salt may only be deposited in the hydrophilic PAN layer and quickly be dissolved because of continuous water pumping. Under 1-sun illumination, the Janus absorber demonstrates efficient solar steam generation (72%) and stable water output (1.3 kg m−2 h−1, over 16 d, with 45 min each day), not achieved in most of previous absorbers. With unique structure design achieved by scalable process, our flexible Janus absorber provides an efficient, stable, and portable solar steam generator for direct solar desalination. Figure 1 presents the illustration of solar steam generation (Figure 1a), and structures of Janus absorber (Figure 1b) in sea water. Porous absorbers naturally float on the water surface, absorbing solar energy to generate steam, without heating the bulk water. CB coating PMMA (CB/PMMA) layer stays above the water surface due to its hydrophobic property while PAN layer is immersed in water for efficient water supply. During the solar steam generation process, the CB/PMMA layer harvests solar energy and converts light to heat, generating vapor from the interfacial region of CB/PMMA and PAN. Thus, the With recent progress in interfacial solar steam generation, direct solar desalination is considered a promising technology for providing a clean water solution through a cost effective and environmental-friendly pathway. As a high and stable water production rate is the key to enable widespread applications, salt deposition becomes a critical issue that needs to be addressed. Herein, the authors demonstrate that a flexible Janus absorber fabricated by sequential electrospinning can enable stable and efficient solar desalination. Taking advantage of the unique structure of Janus, two functions of steam generation, solar absorption and water pumping, are decoupled into different layers, with an upper hydrophobic carbon black nanoparticles (CB) coating poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer for light absorption, and a lower hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layer for pumping water. Therefore, salt can only be deposited in the hydrophilic PAN layer and quickly be dissolved because of continuous water pumping. Janus absorber demonstrates high efficiency (72%) and stable water output (1.3 kg m–2 h–1, over 16 days) under 1-sun, not achieved in most previous absorbers. With a unique structure design achieved by scalable process, this flexible Janus absorber provides an efficient, stable and portable solar steam generator for direct solar desalination.

594 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study adds hydroxylamine (HA), a common reducing agent, into Fe(II)/PMS process to accelerate the transformation from Fe(III) to Fe( II) and generates reactive oxidants capable of degrading refractory organic contaminants in water treatment.
Abstract: The reaction between ferrous iron (Fe(II)) with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) generates reactive oxidants capable of degrading refractory organic contaminants. However, the slow transformation from ferric iron (Fe(III)) back to Fe(II) limits its widespread application. Here, we added hydroxylamine (HA), a common reducing agent, into Fe(II)/PMS process to accelerate the transformation from Fe(III) to Fe(II). With benzoic acid (BA) as probe compound, the addition of HA into Fe(II)/PMS process accelerated the degradation of BA rapidly in the pH range of 2.0-6.0 by accelerating the key reactions, including the redox cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and the generation of reactive oxidants. Both sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals were considered as the primary reactive oxidants for the degradation of BA in HA/Fe(II)/PMS process with the experiments of electron spin resonance and alcohols quenching. Moreover, HA was gradually degraded to N2, N2O, NO2 (−), and NO3 (−), while the environmentally friendly gas of N2 was considered as its major end product in the process. The present study might provide a promising idea based on Fe(II)/PMS process for the rapid degradation of refractory organic contaminants in water treatment.

594 citations


Authors

Showing all 86514 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Chen2174342293080
H. S. Chen1792401178529
Zhenan Bao169865106571
Gang Chen1673372149819
Peter G. Schultz15689389716
Xiang Zhang1541733117576
Rui Zhang1512625107917
Yi Yang143245692268
Markku Kulmala142148785179
Jian Yang1421818111166
Wei Huang139241793522
Bin Liu138218187085
Jun Lu135152699767
Hui Li1352982105903
Lei Zhang135224099365
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20242
2023276
20221,087
20219,130
20208,684
20198,203