Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

About: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology is a education organization based out in Nanjing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Precipitation & Aerosol. The organization has 14129 authors who have published 17985 publications receiving 267578 citations. The organization is also known as: Nan Xin Da.

Global drought and severe drought-affected populations in 1.5 and 2 °C warmer worlds

Abstract: . The 2015 Paris Agreement proposed a more ambitious climate change mitigation target on limiting global warming to 1.5 ∘ C instead of 2 ∘ C above preindustrial levels. Scientific investigations on environmental risks associated with these warming targets are necessary to inform climate policymaking. Based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models, we present the first risk-based assessment of changes in global drought and the impact of severe drought on populations from additional 1.5 and 2 ∘ C warming conditions. Our results highlight the risk of drought on a global scale and in several hotspot regions such as the Amazon, northeastern Brazil, southern Africa and Central Europe at both 1.5 and 2 ∘ C global warming relative to the historical period, showing increases in drought durations from 2.9 to 3.2 months. Correspondingly, more total and urban populations would be exposed to severe droughts globally ( + 132.5 ± 216.2 million and + 194.5 ± 276.5 million total population and + 350.2 ± 158.8 million and + 410.7 ± 213.5 million urban populations in 1.5 and 2 ∘ C warmer worlds) and regionally (e.g., East Africa, West Africa and South Asia). Less rural populations ( − 217.7 ± 79.2 million and − 216.2 ± 82.4 million rural populations in 1.5 and 2 ∘ C warmer worlds) would be exposed to severe drought globally under climate warming, population growth and especially the urbanization-induced population migration. By keeping global warming at 1.5 ∘ C above the preindustrial levels instead of 2 ∘ C, there is a decrease in drought risks (i.e., less drought duration, less drought intensity and severity but relatively more frequent drought) and the affected total, urban and rural populations would decrease globally and in most regions. While challenging for both East Africa and South Asia, the benefits of limiting warming to below 1.5 ∘ C in terms of global drought risk and impact reduction are significant.

A review on nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for H2O2, H2S and NO inside cells or released by cells

Abstract: The incorporation of nanomaterials into electrochemical sensors is an attractive approach towards the improvement of the sensitivity of amperometry and also can provide improved sensor selectivity and stability. This review (with 137 references) details the current state of the art and new trends in nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) in cells or released by cells. The article starts with a discussion of the significance of the three analytes, and this is followed by three sections that summarize the electrochemical detection schemes for H2O2, H2S and NO. Each section first summarizes the respective physiological roles, and then reviews electrochemical sensors based on the use of carbon nanomaterials, noble metal nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials, and layered doubled hydroxides. The materials are compiled in three tables along with figures of merit for the various sensors.

Correlation and anti-correlation of the East Asian summer and winter monsoons during the last 21,000 years

Abstract: Understanding the past significant changes of the East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM) and Winter Monsoon (EAWM) is critical for improving the projections of future climate over East Asia. One key issue that has remained outstanding from the paleo-climatic records is whether the evolution of the EASM and EAWM are correlated. Here, using a set of long-term transient simulations of the climate evolution of the last 21,000 years, we show that the EASM and EAWM are positively correlated on the orbital timescale in response to the precessional forcing, but are anti-correlated on millennial timescales in response to North Atlantic melt water forcing. The relation between EASM and EAWM can differ dramatically for different timescales because of the different response mechanisms, highlighting the complex dynamics of the East Asian monsoon system and the challenges for future projection.

On the Security of a Privacy-Aware Authentication Scheme for Distributed Mobile Cloud Computing Services

Abstract: Recently, Tsai and Lo proposed a privacy aware authentication scheme for distributed mobile cloud computing services. It is claimed that the scheme achieves mutual authentication and withstands all major security threats. However, we first identify that their scheme fails to achieve mutual authentication, because it is vulnerable to the service provider impersonation attack. Beside this major defect, it also suffers from some minor design flaws, including the problem of biometrics misuse, wrong password, and fingerprint login, no user revocation facility when the smart card is lost/stolen. Some suggestions are provided to avoid these design flaws in the future design of authentication schemes.