Showing papers by "Narula Institute of Technology published in 2016"

Optimization of process parameters and its effect on particle size and morphology of ZnO nanoparticle synthesized by sol–gel method

Abstract: In the present work, a systematic basic research has been performed for finding out the effect of various process parameters viz. molar ratio of zinc sulfate and sodium hydroxide, reaction time and calcination temperature on size and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using zinc sulfate as a precursor by sol–gel method. Taguchi design method, ANOVA and regression analysis were used to find out the effect of various process parameters on the response in terms of narrow particle size distribution and crystal size. Characterization was done to find out the response such as particle size distribution and crystal size by using TEM and XRD. Results revealed molar ratio of 1:2, and calcination temperature of 700 °C could significantly form uniform-sized spherical ZnO nanoparticles (85 nm) with narrow size distribution. However, significant increase in crystal size of ZnO nanoparticles was observed with increase in calcination temperature from 300 to 700 °C. This may be primarily due to governing of higher diffusion rate at high temperature which resulted in enhanced growth rate of ZnO crystals.

Two-electron atoms under spatially compressed Debye plasma

Abstract: Rayleigh–Ritz variational method has been employed to estimate precise energy-eigenvalues of spherically compressed two-electron atoms ( Z=1−10) embedded in Debye plasma with a view to modelling atom under dense plasma environment. The trial wave function is expanded in terms of explicitly correlated Hylleraas-type basis set satisfying Dirichlet's boundary condition. The combined effect of decrease in the size of spatial confinement domain and increase in Debye screening parameter pushes the system towards gradual destabilization and subsequent ionization or complete fragmentation of the system. Present results are in reasonable agreement with other results existing in literature. Within finite domain, the thermodynamic pressure experienced by the ions due to the plasma electrons is also estimated.

T-Gate: Concept of partial polarization in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata

Abstract: Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) plays a pivotal role in the emerging field of Nano electronics as well as in digital finite state machine design arena. Several gates and their proposals exist in this field all of which are recognized for their own characteristics. Majority voter is one of the several schemes of QCA. In this paper, a new gate termed as T-gate is proposed which is validated by thirteen standard functions and two input multiplexer circuit which reflects the reduction in the effective area as compared to the realization of the same by earlier methods. The T-gate can function as a universal logic gate and also as an inverter which can be realized by using fewer numbers of cells. T-gate implementation of 2×1 Multiplexer require no wire crossings and shows noticeable reduction in the cell count.

Ritz variational calculation for the singly excited states of compressed two-electron atoms

Abstract: A detailed analysis on the effect of spherical impenetrable confinement on the structural properties of two-electron ions in S− states has been performed. The energy values of 1sns [ n=2−4] ( 3Se) states of helium-like ions ( Z=1−5) are estimated within the framework of Ritz variational method using explicitly correlated Hylleraas-type basis sets. The correlated wave functions used here are consistent with the finite boundary conditions due to spherical confinement. A comparative study between the singlet and triplet states originating from a particular electronic configuration shows incidental degeneracy and the subsequent level-crossing phenomena. The thermodynamic pressure felt by the ion inside the sphere pushes the energy levels toward continuum. Critical pressures for the transition to strong confinement regime (where the singly excited two-electron energy levels cross the corresponding one-electron threshold) as well as for the complete destabilization are also estimated.

Structural properties of lithium atom under weakly coupled plasma environment

Abstract: The Rayleigh-Ritz variational technique with a Hylleraas basis set is being tested for the first time to estimate the structural modifications of a lithium atom embedded in a weakly coupled plasma environment. The Debye-Huckel potential is used to mimic the weakly coupled plasma environment. The wave functions for both the helium-like lithium ion and the lithium atom are expanded in the explicitly correlated Hylleraas type basis set which fully takes care of the electron-electron correlation effect. Due to the continuum lowering under plasma environment, the ionization potential of the system gradually decreases leading to the destabilization of the atom. The excited states destabilize at a lower value of the plasma density. The estimated ionization potential agrees fairly well with the few available theoretical estimates. The variation of one and two particle moments, dielectric susceptibility and magnetic shielding constant, with respect to plasma density is also been discussed in detail.

Dehazing technique based on dark channel prior model with sky masking and its quantitative analysis

Abstract: Outdoor image and video corrupt easily owing to fog, mist etc. Several techniques have been proposed to overcome these problems. But there is no optimum method as these scenarios are unpredictable and all situations are unique in their own way. Dark channel prior — a new prior-gives a significant prediction about the quantity of airlight that causes haze. Dark channel with contrast controller and sky masking improves the visibility with significantly reduced time. In this paper a innovative technique has been studied and it's qualitative and quantitative analysis carried out.

Towards a Collaborative Disaster Management Service Framework using Mobile and Web Applications: A Survey and Future Scope

Abstract: Getting the right information at the right time and place is the key for efficient disaster management. Various mobile and web applications are now being used for collecting situational information in digital form, assessing damage, coordinating relief operations and offering different location based services to the affected communities during disaster management. This article provides a thorough investigation on popular web-based and mobile applications currently being used in different countries. Subsequently, the taxonomy of essential services needed for systematic and coordinated disaster management is formulated based on literature review and the authors' interaction with different stakeholders. An outline of a collaborative disaster management service framework is then proposed with the facility of interaction for the stakeholders through their mobile phones to avail the services in different phases of a disaster. A basic version of this framework is implemented to evaluate its effectiveness as a provider of significant actionable information to offer responsive services

Mobile-assisted remote healthcare delivery

Abstract: In any under served rural areas, the role of health workers is very important because most of the people are used to get their medical assistance from these health workers. They assist the people to detect their disease or illness against some set of symptoms and information related to the symptoms. Educational qualifications of the health workers are very low i.e. up to the 10th standard and therefore, the lack of medical knowledge and training are the main obstacle to identify the disease properly. In mobile-assisted remote health-care system, the primary objective is to help the front-line health workers to extend their interactions, to increase their medical assistance in an effective and efficient way. In this paper, we propose a mobile-assisted diagnosis scheme which helps the patients and health workers to access the reference guideline or manuals, investigations, medical records using mobile devices. Further, for storing the symptoms of different diseases and related information with the symptoms, a data model is also designed. This data model is named as Disease-Symptom data model and it is implemented in Neo4j graph database. Some queries are tested in this data model and resulted graphs and sub-graphs are shown here.

Electronic Structure of Helium Atom in a Quantum Dot

Abstract: Bound and resonance states of helium atom have been investigated inside a quantum dot by using explicitly correlated Hylleraas type basis set within the framework of stabilization method. To be specific, precise energy eigenvalues of bound 1sns (1Se) (n = 1–6) states and the resonance parameters i.e. positions and widths of 1Se states due to 2sns (n = 2–5) and 2pnp (n = 2–5) configurations of confined helium below N = 2 ionization threshold of He+ have been estimated. The two-parameter (Depth and Width) finite oscillator potential is used to represent the confining potential due to the quantum dot. It has been explicitly demonstrated that the electronic structural properties become sensitive functions of the dot size. It is observed from the calculations of ionization potential that the stability of an impurity ion within a quantum dot may be manipulated by varying the confinement parameters. A possibility of controlling the autoionization lifetime of doubly excited states of two-electron ions by tuning the width of the quantum cavity is also discussed here.

Energy aware modified PEGASIS through packet transmission in wireless sensor network

Abstract: Network lifetime is the prime factor in wireless sensor networks which consists nodes with limited energy. Gathering information efficiently in critical situation in sensor network for a long period of time is required efficient protocols. The LEACH (Lower-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and PEGASIS (Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems) protocols are perfect solutions to this problem which minimize the overall energy dissipation by the nodes in the network. The LEACH protocol randomizes cluster heads for achieve equal energy dissemination, whereas the PEGASIS protocol forms a chain of cluster heads taking rounds in transmitting to the base station. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient protocol which enhances the performance of PEGASIS. In Modified PEGASIS, each node communicates only with a close neighbor node with minimum distance and transmits data to the base station, thus reducing the amount of energy spent per round. For this protocol it will combine few parameters such as Distance and Residual Energy for each node. The proposed system will increase the overall communication and increase the network life. Simulation results show that Modified PEGASIS performs better than PEGASIS, LEACH-C, and LEACH.

Measurement of power flow variations in Gaussian plane using phasor measuring unit

Abstract: In order to avoid large scale failure, it is necessary to monitor the widespread and complex performance of interconnected power grid system in real time. In case of bulk power system, the operation of Protective Relays and the Circuit Breakers are fast enough for secured performance but tracking of the system parameters during an event is beyond the scope of such devices. So, real time tracking before an event and quick analysis for potential failure of the system at the time of disturbances is quite difficult. Modernization of technology provides us with instruments to sample the continuous-time analog signal into discrete-time digital signal with the help of a device called Phasor Measuring Unit (PMU). As a result, it is also possible to estimate the dynamic phasor of the system and to determine the frequency and the Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) of the system within a specific frequency zone. The purpose of this paper is to present a mechanism for continuous observation of the interconnected power system within a specific frequency zone and detection of its nature with improved accuracy using Phasor Measuring Unit (PMU). Having the Rate of Change of Frequency as the prime detector of disturbances at the interconnected grid system in Gaussian plane, this should facilitate the continuous observation and a system protection scheme which is more efficient. This should minimize the sudden damages of the system equipments due to abnormal behavior of the bulk interconnected electrical power system.

Finding Synergy Networks From Gene Expression Data: A Fuzzy-Rule-Based Approach

Abstract: Genes interact among themselves directly as well as indirectly, and thereby, a gene regulates the expression levels of other genes. In this work, our objective is to identify a special type of network called “synergy network.” We want to find synergistic gene pairs that interact via collaboration with respect to a disease and form a network of such synergistic genes. First, we discuss some issues related to existing information-theoretic methods of finding synergy networks and, then, propose a fuzzy-rule-based approach for discovery of synergy networks. We justify that fuzzy rule base is a natural choice to realize all the desired attributes of synergistic relations. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to exploit fuzzy modeling for finding synergy networks. The system uses a set of human understandable rules that is generated at a low cost for every pair of genes. We apply our method on two prostate cancer datasets. We show that the proposed method is capable of discovering gene pairs that collaborate with each other with respect to prostate cancer. We demonstrate that our results are statistically significant. We also discuss the relevance of the identified genes to cancer biology.

Performance analysis of a three-phase Active Front-End PWM Rectifier without current loop PI controller

Abstract: This work investigates the performance of an Active Front-End (AFE) Rectifier with direct and quadrature axis current control method. Most of the research works describe that the controller for an AFE Rectifier requires three Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers to regulate DC voltage, d-axis and q-axis current. Normally, the outer loop for DC voltage control requires high gain value to stabilize the DC voltage and the inner loop for current control requires low gain values to regulate the current. In this proposed work, due to lower gain of the inner current loop, the PI controllers for that specific loop has been omitted to deal with the easy control of the controller.

Real time measurement of water level using admittance method and fuzzy based linearizer

Abstract: Admittance type level transmitter is not popular in industries. Because it has significant cross sensitivity in temperature and ionic concentration of the liquid, thus producing unreliable results in the measurement. Theoretical study was already being made successfully to remove cross sensitivity using fuzzy based linearizing system in MATLAB platform. In this paper real-time linearization has been attempted using NI Labview and data acquisition system based on early experience. Result from real-time measurement reveals good linearized, reliable and acceptable output. Therefore this approach may be a gateway to develop continuous measurement of level in industrial process using admittance method.

Evolutionary technique based goal programming approach to chance constrained interval valued bilevel programming problems

Abstract: The real world multiobjective decision environment involves great complexity and uncertainity. Many decision making problems often need to be modelled as a class of bilevel programming problems with inexact coefficients and chance constraints. To deal with these problems, a genetic algorithm (GA) based goal programming (GP) procedure for solving interval valued bilevel programming (BLP) problems in a large hierarchical decision making and planning organization is proposed. In the model formulation of the problem the chance constraints are converted to their deterministic equivalent using the notion of mean and variance. Further, the individual best and least solutions of the objectives of the decision makers (DMs) located at different hierarchical levels are determined by using GA method. The target intervals for achievement of each of the objectives as well as the target interval of the decision vector controlled by the upper-level DM are defined. Then, using interval arithmetic technique the interval valued objectives and control vectors are transformed into the conventional form of goal by introducing under- and over-deviational variables to each of them. In the solution process, both the aspects of minsum and minmax GP formulations are adopted to minimize the lower bounds of the regret intervals for goal achievement within the specified interval from the optimistic point of view. The potential use of the approach is illustrated by a numerical example

WiMAX and Wi-Fi Services through Mobile Networks: Issues on Network Planning, Optimization, and Sustainability

Abstract: WIFI and WiMAX became popular worldwide due to simplicity of installation and cost reduction compared with traditional DSL cable. The key challenge of WiFi is the restricted mobility of the user whereas mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16m) provides ubiquitous environment to the user. The recent challenges of WiMAX is managing radio resources (both licensed and unlicensed) efficiently through different QoS service classes, implementing proper modulation and coding schemes at PHY, proper antenna selection in MIMO to achieve better QOS. User can avail the benefits of speed and mobility through an integrated architecture comprising WiFi and WiMAX. This chapter provides an in depth performance evaluation of Mobile WiMAX and WiFi under various Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS), cyclic prefixes and different path-loss models under integrated environment. Moreover, we present an optimized adaptive modulation scheme that senses the SNR and adaptively switches to required MCS to achieve desired level of QoS and link stability.

Development of home intruder tracking system using face recognition

Abstract: The intrusion of burglars to the houses of common people in their absence intensifies the risk of financial loss in a great manner in recent days. Proper tracking to this type of intrusion and proper notification to the house members as well as the neighbour can reduce this type of malpractice. A system has been proposed in this paper to recognize the faces of intruders in order to identify their faces as illegal infiltrator and prevent them from any burglary activity by face recognition method.

Genetic Algorithm for FGP Model of a Multiobjective Bilevel Programming Problem in Uncertain Environment

Abstract: This chapter describes a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) model to solve a Multiobjective Bilevel Programming Problem (MOBLPP) with a set of chance constraints within a structure of decentralized decision problems. To formulate the model, the chance constraints are converted first to their crisp equivalents to employ FGP methodology. Then, the tolerance membership functions associated with fuzzily described goals of the objective functions are defined to measure the degree of satisfaction of Decision Makers (DMs) with achievement of objective function values and also to obtain the degree of optimality of vector of decision variables controlled by upper-level DM in the decision system. In decision-making process, a GA scheme is adopted to solve the problem and thereby to obtain a proper solution for balancing execution powers of DMs in uncertain environment. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the method.

Enhancement of optical absorption in Plasmonic thin film solar cell

Abstract: Recently, plasmonics gives very much interest and closely involves in the main domains of nanophotonics that can control of optical fields at the nanoscale level. Its remarkable property is to concentrate and enhance the electromagnetic field on the nanometres scale especially in solar cell. In plasmonic field, Nobel metals used as nanoparticle where density of electron gas which oscillates at surface Plasmon frequency at the same time also improves absorption by scattering. So the use of plasmonic in solar cell gives better opportunity to enhance efficiency by absorption as the optical spectrum loss are main part of total loss in solar cell. So we investigate the induction of surface Plasmon theory for enhancement of extinction in terms of absorption and scattering. In this paper, we also studied finite-difference time domain based proposed model and find various plasmonic field component of Eigen value and characterized optical improvement in plasmonic thin film solar cell.