National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Evaluación del crecimiento de Litopenaeus vannamei cultivados a tres densidades de siembra: 40 ind. /m2, 60 ind. /m2 y 80 ind. /m2.

Abstract: Las enfermedades han atacado el cultivo de camaron dejando perdidas a los productores, el problema ha sido superado gracias al desarrollo de tecnologia de cultivo en sistema intensivo, pero deja al productor sin saber que densidad de siembra es la adecuada, para obtener mejores rendimientos productivos, sobrevivencia y factor de conversion alimenticia. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una comparacion del crecimiento de los camarones Litopenaeus vannamei cultivados a tres densidades de siembra: 40, 60 y 80 ind/m 2 . El experimento consistio en la utilizacion de tres densidades de cultivo 40, 60 y 80 ind/m 2 , el dispositivo experimental consistio en tres pilas de concreto con un area de 9.5 m 2 cadauna, con una tuberia que alimentaba las pilas con agua oceanica, contenida en un reservorio de 54.48 m 2 , cada pila contaba con un sistema de aireacion. Segun los resultados obtenidos el crecimiento fue mayor en la densidad de 40 ind/m 2 , en las otras dos 60 y 80 ind/m 2 el crecimiento fue menor, pero un mayor rendimiento productivo en la densidad mayor 80 ind/m 2 , por lo cual la calidad del producto lo obtenemos en el tratamiento de menor densidad y la mayor cantidad del producto en el tratamiento con mayor densidad de siembra de juveniles de camarones, al aplicar los analisis estadisticos se encontro que p>0.05 alegando que el crecimiento en los tres tratamientos tiene diferencia significativa.

Escurrimiento de Plaguicidas al Mar Caribe Nicaragüense - Establecimiento de un Sistema de Monitoreo Ambiental

Abstract: Nicaragua ha basado su economia en una estructura de agro exportacion principalmente de materias primas. Desde el auge algodonero experimentado en decadas pasadas hasta la actualidad, en el pais ha persistido una cultura de aplicacion de grandes cantidades de plaguicidas con diferentes niveles de toxicidad y persistencia, que se escurren a traves de la cuenca de drenaje contaminando recursos hidricos superficiales, subterraneos y zonas costeras del Caribe y Pacifico Nicaraguense. Existe escasa informacion sobre la dinamica de estos contaminantes en los ecosistemas de la costa Caribe, por lo que se establecio un programa de monitoreo costero cuyo objetivo es evaluar el escurrimiento de plaguicidas y generar informacion ambiental que ayude a determinar sus fuentes, causas y promover practicas agricolas adecuadas que den como resultado la reduccion del escurrimiento hacia el Mar Caribe. Un primer estudio para el establecimiento de la linea base, se realizo en tres cuencas hidrograficas y zonas costeras del Caribe Nicaraguense, donde se analizaron residuos de plaguicidas persistentes utilizados en el pasado y de uso actual o reciente, incluyendose en una segunda fase sitios de muestreo en zonas marinas. La determinacion de residuos de plaguicidas se realizo, desarrollando innovadoras tecnicas de analisis por cromatografia de gases con detectores de captura electronica, termoionico especifico y espectrometria de masas. Se establecio un sistema de monitoreo que genera informacion sobre el grado de contaminacion en las cuencas hidrograficas, zonas costeras y marinas, que aporta al desarrollo de estrategias adecuadas dirigidas a reducir el escurrimiento de plaguicidas al Mar Caribe Nicaraguense. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/uyc.v5i8.316 Universidad y Ciencia No 8 Ano 5 2010 27-32

Estimación in vivo de la canal porcina por el método de ultrasonografía: Un Enfoque de la Ecointensificación en Bioeconomia Porcina

Abstract: In this study we analyze the relationship between subcutaneous fat thickness (EGS), muscle thickness (MS) and subcutaneous fat thickness and muscle thickness together (EGSM), measured with ultrasound at a single anatomical point of live pigs and more parameters important of the carcass . In our experiment we used hybrid pigs of the Pietrain, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds in an amount of 25 animals of both sexes. The results of the study suggest that the parameters of the channel composition analyzed here (Live weight, carcass weight, meat class A, B, C and specific cuts, loin, leg post and needle) are highly correlated with the thickness of subcutaneous fat measured with ultrasound on the last rib of the very long dorsal muscle on the left side of the live pig (r = 0.53 - 0.67). The multiple correlation of the linear regression prediction model between the parameters of the carcass and the thickness of the dorsal fat was (0.74) and the coefficient of determination showed sufficient predictability (R2 = 0.55). The linear regression prediction models of the carcass components with muscle thickness obtained low predictability (R2 = 0.23). Similarly in the regression model of subcutaneous fat thickness and muscle thickness together (R2 = 0.25). Among the most important correlations found are: right loin, class A meat (r = 0.80), live weight and whole carcass (r = 0.85) right shoulder and class B meat (r = 0.88) being this repetitive pattern in all correlations of ultrasonographic measurements and channel components.

Trying to understand the grounds for the high trihalomethanes formation potential of four surface water bodies employed as source waters

Abstract: Because of their historically high records of disinfection by-products, four water bodies serving as sources for drinking water in four cities of Castilla y Leon, Spain, were selected for a further study. With moderate to high contents of organic matter, an important part of it corresponded to algal biomass, as confirmed by the enormous values of chlorophyll a (Chl a) – means of 130–140 μg.L−1 in two of them. These two water bodies presented a moderate to low aromatic character of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as indicated by their low values of specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA means of 1.61 and 1.89 L.mg−1 ·m), which suggests an important contribution of the algal-derived compounds to this DOC. Upon chlorination, three of the water systems studied presented mean values of trihalomethanes potential formation (THMFP) in the order of 250 μg.L−1 , but the specific one (STHMFP) revealed great differences of reactivity between them and, moreover, waters with higher SUVA showed lower STHMFP. This confirms the hypothesis that non-aromatic structures can also be reactive with chlorine. To investigate if the reactivity of the global DOC increases as its algal-derived DOC becomes more abundant, THMFP was tested versus Chl a/DOC, but the regression coefficients did not show any tendency. As compared with other studies, the values for THMFP can be considered of moderate to high (of up to 370 μg.L−1 ), but those of STHMFP are among the highest ever reported (some of them above 125 μg.mg−1 ), which means very reactive organic matter and, moreover, in waters with a very low SUVA.

Impacto socioeconómico del bono productivo alimenticio

Abstract: The present work focused on a literature review to determine the benefits that the Alimentary Productive Bonus has brought to families in the communities, taking as a background the level of poverty in which the inhabitants of the communities have lived. In the process of rural education, the Productive Bonus issue is interesting as part of the government's management to promote rural development.In the conclusions the new model of integral attention to the micro and small rural production, is inclusive for women managing to promote the family economy, where the woman has had to overcome many cultural adversities aimed at extreme poverty, likewise this program has come to empower rural women by giving them revolutionary ideas, since it is a program that demands that they be responsible with the benefits acquired and helps them to achieve it, their self-esteem rises, making them feel useful to their family and society.All of the above contributes to visualize a socio-economic impact in the municipalities and therefore to the sustainable development necessary to raise the quality of life in the population of this country.