National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Evaluación de las mediciones ambientales, a través de un ensayo de aptitud, de los laboratorios ambientales de Nicaragua y Costa Rica

Abstract: espanolSe realizo un ensayo de aptitud con la participacion de 24 laboratorios ambientales, 12 nicaraguenses y 12 costarricenses, para darle continuidad al proyecto cooperacion MIFIC-PTB “Mejora de los Servicios que Aseguran la Calidad para el Sector Agua de Nicaragua”. El proposito fue evaluar la competencia analitica de los laboratorios participantes y demostrar la capacidad tecnica y cientifica del CIRA/UNAN al organizar y desarrollar un Ensayo de aptitud. Se elaboraron dos lotes de muestras con sus respectivos ensayos de homogeneidad y de estabilidad de acuerdo a la ISO 13528:2016, uno para la medicion de conductividad electrica y otro para determinar dureza total, dureza calcica, calcio y magnesio en solucion acuosa. A partir de estos resultados, se establecio a cada magnitud un “valor asignado”, el estadistico utilizado para la evaluacion fue el “z- puntaje”, que mide el desempeno relativo al sesgo. Las mediciones de dureza total y calcio presentaron un excelente desempeno, en cambio las mediciones de conductividad electrica, dureza calcica y magnesio presentaron un buen desempeno. El CIRAUNAN-Managua, demostro su competencia tecnica y cientifica al desarrollar el presente ensayo de aptitud, posicionandolo en ventaja para llegar a ser laboratorio proveedor de ensayos de aptitud en Nicaragua en un mediano plazo. EnglishA proficiency test was carried out with the participation of 24 environmental laboratories, 12 Nicaraguan and 12 Costa Rican, to give continuity to the MIFIC-PTB cooperation project “Improvement of Services That Ensure Quality for the Water Sector of Nicaragua”. The purpose was to evaluate the analytical competence of participating laboratories and to demonstrate the technical and scientific capacity of CIRA/UNAN by organizing and developing a proficiency test. Two batches of samples were prepared with their respective homogeneity and stability tests according to ISO 13528:2016, one for the measurement of electrical conductivity and the other for determining total hardness, calcium hardness, calcium, and magnesium in aqueous solution. From these results, each magnitude was set an “assigned value”, the statistic used for the evaluation was the “z-score”, which measures the performance relative to bias. Measurements of total hardness and calcium performed excellently, instead of electrical conductivity, calcium hardness, and magnesium showed a good performance. CIRAUNAN-Managua demonstrated its technical and scientific competence when developing the present proficiency testing, positioning it in advantage to become a proficiency testing provider laboratory in Nicaragua in a short time.

Comorbidity of drug abuse/dependence and psychological distress in seven countries of Latin America and one of the Caribbean

Abstract: A multicenter study among patients in treatment for alcohol and illicit drugs abuse were conducted in eight countries (Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay). Our objective was to ascertain the frequency of psychological distress, current diagnosis of comorbidities and perceived familiar dysfunction. It was recruited 1,073 adult volunteers and they filled out a questionnaire or were interviewed. Psychological distress was evaluated through the Kessler’s K-10 scale and family dysfunction by the APGAR-family scale. Male individuals predominated at all study sites (age range: 18-86). Current diagnosis of anxiety ranged from 30.0% to 40.0% in most sites. Current diagnosis of depression ranged from 20% to 35% in most sites. High and very high levels of psychological stress were higher than 70% in Uruguay, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Brazil. Severe family dysfunction was higher in Panamá 34.7% followed by Nicaraguan cities 20-25%. The prevalence of psychological distress suggests higher rates of comorbidity. DESCRIPTORS: Comorbidity. Psychological distress. Substance use-related disorders. Mental health assistance. COMORBIDADE ENTRE ABUSO/DEPENDÊNCIA DE DROGAS E O SOFRIMENTO PSÍQUICO EM SETE PAÍSES DA AMÉRICA LATINA E UM DO CARIBE RESUMO: Foi realizado um estudo multicéntrico em pacientes sob tratamento para dependência de álcool e substâncias ilícitas em oito países (Brasil, Chile, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicarágua, Panamá, Paraguai, Uruguai). O objetivo foi averiguar a frequência de sofrimento psíquico, diagnóstico atual de comorbidades, e disfuncionalidade familiar percebida. Foram incluídos 1.073 voluntários adultos, que preencheram um questionário ou foram entrevistados. O sofrimento psíquico e a disfuncionalidade familiar foram avaliados por escalas (Kessler K-10 e APGAR-family). Os homens predominaram em todos os locais (idades entre 18 e 86). Na maioria dos locais, o diagnóstico atual de ansiedade variou de 30% a 40% e o de depressão, de 20% a 35%. Níveis altos e muito altos de sofrimento psíquico foram relatados por mais de 70% em Uruguai, Nicarágua, Guatemala e Brasil. Disfuncionalidade familiar severa foi maior no Panamá 34,7%, seguida da Nicarágua 20-25%. A prevalencia de sofrimento psíquico sugere níveis mais altos de comorbidade. DESCRITORES: Comorbidade. Sofrimento psíquico. Transtornos relacionados ao uso de substancias. Assistência em saúde mental.

Factores sociodemográficos asociados a la calidad del rendimiento académico, estudiantes de tercero y quinto año de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, UNAN-Managua

Abstract: The factors associated with the academic performance of students is a topic of study that cannot be avoided in the current era in teaching, because every day society demands professionals with high competence. The objective of the study: To analyze the factors associated with the quality of academic performance in third and fifth year medical students. The type of study is non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 96 medical students, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua). Regarding the data collection procedure: consent of the authorities and students. Regarding methods and techniques: surveys and academic report. Regarding the tabulation plan and analysis of the information: it was carried out in the statistical program SPSS version 20 and presented in tables and graphs of frequency and contingencies. The results highlighted: age between 18 and 24 years (96%), female sex (62%), from the urban area (79%), single (96%), from public schools (43%), financially supported by the mother and non-scholarship holders (53%), living with parents (73%). In conclusion, academic performance and sex between good and fair in women, AR and age, between good and fair, in students under 20 years old.

Corrientes epistemológicas para construir conocimiento en Geografía y su relevancia para el estudio de la identidad territorial

Abstract: The purpose of this essay is to present a brief overview of the main fundamental epistemological tests in the construction of scientific knowledge, in the specifications of Geography and their relevance theoretical for the study of territorial identity. It is assumed that the currents of knowledge outlined below are relevant as they are faced with theoretical approaches to the subject of territorial identity. The paper develops two points, the first describes epistemological currents, beginning with the contention of the approaches to science, parallel to the development of philosophical thought; emphasizing current currents that incited the development of geographic science. Foremost there are two well-marked approaches, positivism and radicalism, the latter strongly impregnated the socio-critical character of Geography. The second considers the epistemological currents that have theoretical and methodological relevance in the dissertation of territorial identity. In short, the aim is to identify the directions that allow reflection and knowledge. The final considerations are presented below.