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Institution

National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

EducationManagua, Nicaragua
About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A limited impact of gut microbial taxa on response to oral rotavirus vaccination among infants is suggested, however, additional research is needed to improve the understanding of the impact of Gut microbiome on vaccine response, toward a goal of improving vaccine efficacy and rotav virus prevention.
Abstract: Rotavirus is the leading cause of childhood deaths due to diarrhea. Although existing oral rotavirus vaccines are highly efficacious in high-income countries, these vaccines have been demonstrated to have decreased efficacy in low- and middle-income countries. A possible explanation for decreased efficacy is the impact of gut microbiota on the enteric immune system's response to vaccination. We analyzed the gut microbiome of 50 children enrolled in a prospective study evaluating response to oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccination (RV5) to assess associations between relative abundance of bacterial taxa and seroconversion following vaccination. Stool samples were taken before the first RV5 dose, and microbiome composition characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology software. Relative abundance of bacterial taxa between seroconverters following the first RV5 dose, those with ≥ 4-fold increase in rotavirus-specific IgA titers, and nonseroconverters were compared using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. We identified no significant differences in microbiome composition between infants who did and did not respond to vaccination. Infants who responded to vaccination tended to have higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Eggerthella, whereas those who did not respond had higher abundance of Fusobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae; however, these differences were not statistically significant following a multiple comparison correction. This study suggests a limited impact of gut microbial taxa on response to oral rotavirus vaccination among infants; however, additional research is needed to improve our understanding of the impact of gut microbiome on vaccine response, toward a goal of improving vaccine efficacy and rotavirus prevention.

31 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The genetic basis of two polymorphisms of drug‐ and carcinogen‐metabolizing enzymes, NAT2 (arylamine N‐acetyltransferase‐2) and CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E1), was studied in genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from 137 healthy, unrelated subjects from a mixed Nicaraguan population.
Abstract: Objectives and study design The genetic basis of two polymorphisms of drug- and carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, NAT2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase-2) and CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E1), was studied in genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from 137 healthy, unrelated subjects from a mixed Nicaraguan population. Results Six point mutations were identified at the coding region of the NAT2 gene, including the most common alleles NAT2*4 (41.6%), NAT2*5B (31.4%), and NAT2*6A (16.8%). The percentage of carriers of two defective genes was 49.6%. The Nicaraguan population studied was in Hardy-Weinberg's disequilibrium for the NAT2 genotype (p < 0.01) and the allele frequencies were significantly different from those of other populations, being intermediate between those of pure Central American Indians and Spanish persons. The frequency of CYP2E1 allels mutated at the RsaI site (c2 allele; 16.5%) was intermediate between that of Spanish white and Asian subjects. About 5% of the subjects were homozygous for the c2 allele. Conclusions These findings indicate a high impact of genetic admixture of populations of Asian origin (Central American Indians) and white persons (Spaniards) on the genetic polymorphisms studied here and suggest that among mixed Hispanics a high heterogeneity of genotypes and phenotypes can be expected depending on the degree of genetic admixture of every subgroup. Therefore different subgroups of mixed Hispanic subjects can exhibit different results when treated with drugs that are inactivated through polymorphic enzymes. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1998) 63, 623–628; doi:

29 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Surgical capacity varies by hospital type, with primary hospitals having the least surgical capacity and surgical volume, and departmental, regional, and national referral hospitals have adequate surgical capacity.
Abstract: Background Developing countries have surgical and anesthesia needs that are unique and disparate compared to those of developed countries. However, the extent of these disparities and the specific country-based needs are, for the most part, unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the surgical capacity of Nicaragua’s public hospitals as part of a multinational study.

29 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Rice bran supplementation provides nutrients, prebiotics and phytochemicals that enhance gut immunity, reduce enteric pathogens and diarrhea, and warrants attention for improvement of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in children in Nicaragua and Mali.
Abstract: Rice bran supplementation provides nutrients, prebiotics and phytochemicals that enhance gut immunity, reduce enteric pathogens and diarrhea, and warrants attention for improvement of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in children. EED is a subclinical condition associated with stunting due to impaired nutrient absorption. This study investigated the effects of rice bran supplementation on weight for age and length for age z-scores (WAZ, LAZ), EED stool biomarkers, as well as microbiota and metabolome signatures in weaning infants from 6 to 12 months old that reside in Nicaragua and Mali. Healthy infants were randomized to a control (no intervention) or a rice bran group that received daily supplementation with increasing doses at each month (1–5 g/day). Stool microbiota were characterized using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Stool metabolomes were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Statistical comparisons were completed at 6, 8, and 12 months of age. Daily consumption of rice bran was safe and feasible to support changes in LAZ from 6–8 and 8–12 months of age in Nicaragua and Mali infants when compared to control. WAZ was significantly improved only for Mali infants at 8 and 12 months. Mali and Nicaraguan infants showed major differences in the overall gut microbiota and metabolome composition and structure at baseline, and thus each country cohort demonstrated distinct microbial and metabolite profile responses to rice bran supplementation when compared to control. Rice bran is a practical dietary intervention strategy that merits development in rice-growing regions that have a high prevalence of growth stunting due to malnutrition and diarrheal diseases. Rice is grown as a staple food, and the bran is used as animal feed or wasted in many low- and middle-income countries where EED and stunting is prevalent.

28 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20232
20226
202165
202078
201959
201856