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Institution

National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

EducationManagua, Nicaragua
About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A working group constituted by the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in June 2010 identified this area as a priority area for a multinational research partnership as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Child maltreatment and substance abuse are both international public health priorities. Research shows that child maltreatment increases the risk for substance use and problems. Thus, recognition of this relationship may have important implications for substance demand reduction strategies, including efforts to prevent and treat substance use and related problems. Latin America and the Caribbean is a rich and diverse region of the world with a large range of social and cultural influences. To date, relatively little work has addressed the link between child maltreatment and substance use in the region. A working group constituted by the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in June, 2010 identified this area as a priority area for a multinational research partnership. This paper summarizes existing information on drug use and child maltreatment in six participating countries, Colombia, El Salvador, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama and Uruguay, and considers the implications of child maltreatment prevention for demand reduction strategies to address substance use issues. A CICAD/CAMH-sponsored multinational research partnership has been formed, which will involve research on the link between child maltreatment and substance misuse, expertise exchange and resource sharing.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For example, a plan regional red for the alerta temprana de algas nocivas (HABs) and biotoxinas in mariscos was presented by the Agencia Internacional de Energia Atomica desde 2009 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: La proliferacion de algas nocivas (HAB) constituye un problema mundial que afecta a los organismos acuaticos. Ecosistemas, salud publica y economias locales. Con el apoyo de la Agencia Internacional de Energia Atomica desde 2009, paises de America Latina y el Caribe (ALC), incluidos Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Republica Dominicana, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Uruguay y Venezuela, han integrado un plan regional Red para la alerta temprana de HABs y biotoxinas en mariscos. Las capacidades tecnicas tienen desarrollado a nivel regional para identificar especies toxicas, evaluar la toxicidad de la biota y realizar analisis retrospectivo de ocurrencia de HAB. Esta red involucra el 58% de los paises costeros de ALC, dos centros de referencia regionales (en El Salvador y Cuba), 14 instituciones bien equipadas y 177 profesionales capacitados para contribuir a la operacion de programas de monitorizacion de HAB y biotoxinas. Todos los paises de la red han reportado especies toxicas planctonicas y bentonicas, y en casos seleccionados, asociadas con toxinas en biota. El analisis de la abundancia de dinocistos en nucleos de sedimentos fechados en 210Pb ha demostrado que algunas especies daninas han estado presentes en la region por al menos 100 anos, y que tanto la contaminacion del agua costera como el cambio climatico son factores importantes para HAB ocurrencia. Se deben hacer esfuerzos para enriquecer los registros de la base de datos en eventos HAB ocurridos en ALC, se comprenden mejor las variables ambientales clave que controlan los HAB y ampliar la cobertura del monitoreo de HAB a todos los paises costeros de ALC para promover el desarrollo sostenible de la region.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the activation of complement C3 protein in the brain from Wistar rats is an early event in NPA-induced brain neurodegeneration.
Abstract: 3-Nitropropionic acid (NPA) administration to rodents produces degeneration of the striatum, accompanied by neurological disturbances that mimic Huntington's disease (HD) motor neurological dysfunctions. It has been shown that inflammation mediates NPA-induced brain degeneration, and activated microglia secreting cytokines interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) can induce a specific type of reactive neurotoxic astrocytes, named A1, which have been detected in post-mortem brain samples of Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases. In this work we used an experimental model based on the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of NPA to adult Wistar rats at doses that can elicit extensive brain degeneration, and brain samples were taken before and after extensive brain damage monitored using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Western blots and immunohistochemistry of brain slices show that i.p. NPA injections elicit significant increase in the expression levels of C3α subunit, a marker of generation of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes, and of cytokines IL-1α, TNFα, and C1q within the striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum before the appearance of the HD-related neurological dysfunctions and neuronal death induced by NPA. Noteworthy, NPA administration primarily induces the generation of A1 astrocytes in the more recent phylogenetic area of the rat cerebellum. We conclude that the activation of complement C3 protein in the brain from Wistar rats is an early event in NPA-induced brain neurodegeneration.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed and described all reported acute pesticide poisonings (APP) and estimated the yearly incidence and underreporting rates among five to fourteen-year-olds.
Abstract: Since 1995, Nicaragua has adopted several legal instruments to comply with children's rights, including international conventions and a minimum working age of 14 years. However, records from the Ministry of Health's Pesticide Program show continuing occupational acute pesticide poisonings (APP) among children five to 14-years-old from 1995 to 2006. We reviewed and described all reported APPs and estimated the yearly incidence and underreporting rates. Of 2069 APP cases, 432 were occupational. Annual incidence rates (range: 1-4.7/100,000) have been decreasing since 1997. Six fatal and most non-fatal cases were related to work in tobacco and basic grain crops. Based on underreporting data, we estimate actual incidence during the period studied to be 18,516 (95% CI, 3840-33,204) cases among five- to fourteen-year-olds. With regard to child labor and pesticide exposure, children's rights violations still exist and must be abolished in both formal employment and in the informal economy, including in family-based agricultural activities.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a prospective cohort of children without CZS exposure had lower neurocognitive scores at 24 months compared to children exposed to ZIKV exposure in utero.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental outcomes of asymptomatic children exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) in utero are not well characterized. METHODS We prospectively followed 129 newborns without evidence of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) up to 24 months of age. Participants were classified as ZIKV exposed or ZIKV unexposed. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) was administered in the participants' homes at 6, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months of age by trained psychologists. Sociodemographic data, medical history, and infant anthropometry at birth were collected at each home visit. Our primary outcome was the Mullen Early Learning Composite Score (ECL) at 24 months of age between our 2 exposure groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in MSEL subscales over time and at 24 months. RESULTS Of 129 infants in whom exposure status could be ascertained, 32 (24.8%) met criteria for in utero ZIKV exposure and 97 (75.2%) did not. There were no differences in maternal age, maternal educational attainment, birthweight, or gestational age at birth between the 2 exposure groups. The adjusted means and standard errors (SEs) for the ELC score between the ZIKV-exposed children compared to ZIKV-unexposed children were 91.4 (SE, 3.1) vs 96.8 (SE, 2.4) at 12 months and 93.3 (SE, 2.9) vs 95.9 (SE, 2.3) at 24 months. In a longitudinal mixed model, infants born to mothers with an incident ZIKV infection (P = .01) and low-birthweight infants (<2500 g) (P = .006) had lower composite ECL scores. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective cohort of children without CZS, children with in utero ZIKV exposure had lower neurocognitive scores at 24 months.

17 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20232
20226
202165
202078
201959
201856