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National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

EducationManagua, Nicaragua
About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified risk factors and characterized the clinical profile of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in a birth cohort in Leon, Nicaragua, using conditional logistic regression.
Abstract: Background Sapovirus is increasingly recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. We identified risk factors and characterized the clinical profile of sapovirus AGE in a birth cohort in Leon, Nicaragua. Methods We conducted a case-control study nested within a birth cohort (n = 444). Fieldworkers conducted weekly household AGE surveillance. AGE stools were tested for sapovirus by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. For each first sapovirus episode, we selected 2 healthy age-matched controls and estimated independent risk factors of sapovirus AGE using conditional logistic regression. We compared clinical characteristics of sapovirus AGE episodes with episodes associated with other etiologies and identified co-infections with other enteric pathogens. Results From June 2017 to July 2019, we identified 63 first sapovirus AGE episodes and selected 126 controls. Having contact with an individual with AGE symptoms and vaginal delivery were independent risk factors for sapovirus AGE. All cases experienced diarrhea, lasting a median 6 days; 23% experienced vomiting. Compared to children with AGE due to another etiology, sapovirus AGE was similar in severity, with less reported fever. Most cases experienced co-infections and were more likely than controls to be infected with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli or astrovirus. Conclusions Sapovirus was a commonly identified AGE etiology in this Central American setting, and symptoms were similar to AGE associated with other etiologies. The association between vaginal delivery and sapovirus is a novel finding. Gut microbiome composition might mediate this relationship, or vaginal delivery might be a proxy for other risk factors. Further investigation into more specific biological mechanisms is warranted.

14 citations

29 Sep 2011
TL;DR: Los resultados generales se analizaron estadisticamente para determinar posibles relaciones espacio – temporales de the presencia of enfermedades, aplicandose tablas de contingencia (c2) y Componentes Principales, concluyendose que algunas diferencias dependieron of the localizacion geografica, fechas de muestreo y medidas sanitari
Abstract: Se estudio la presencia de enfermedades que afectan a cultivos de camaron blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei) en sistemas semi-intensivos e intensivos de ocho regiones costeras en siete paises latinoamericanos, con litoral en el oceano Pacifico, mar Caribe y oceano Atlantico. Durante 2008 y 2009 se obtuvieron cuatro muestras por region, por ano, para un total de 1.920 organismos, que fueron examinados para detectar signos clinicos caracteristicos de enfermedades causadas por bacterias, hongos, protozoos y virus, confirmandose su presencia con analisis histologicos, bacteriologicos y moleculares. Se registraron 12 enfermedades con prevalencia variable que en promedio vario de 2,5 a 21,7% y con maximos observados de 40%, siendo en ambos casos la enfermedad de las manchas blancas la que registro los maximos. Por regiones, las diferencias fueron minimas en terminos del promedio de prevalencia, situandose en un intervalo de 10,3 a 13,4%, sin embargo, Venezuela y una de las dos regiones evaluadas en Mexico (Mexico1) registraron los maximos valores, con 31,3% para la enfermedad de necrosis hipodermica y hematopoyetica infecciosa (IHHNV) y 30,0% para la enfermedad de las manchas blancas, respectivamente. Los resultados generales se analizaron estadisticamente para determinar posibles relaciones espacio – temporales de la presencia de enfermedades, aplicandose tablas de contingencia (c2) y Componentes Principales, concluyendose que algunas diferencias dependieron de la localizacion geografica, fechas de muestreo y medidas sanitarias y de manejo. Dada la dinamica de las enfermedades y las posibles relaciones comerciales entre los paises que formaron parte del presente estudio se recomienda incrementar el esfuerzo en los programas de monitoreo sanitario.

13 citations

01 Sep 2004
TL;DR: To determine prevalence of tooth loss and to identify patterns of caries in the dentition of preschool children of a suburban community of Campeche, Mexico, there was no significant difference between attack patterns and age and sex.
Abstract: Objectives: The dental caries is an infectious, chronic, multifactorial and transmissible illness. It's very prevalent during infancy and the major cause of tooth loss among children. The objectives of this study were to determine prevalence of tooth loss and to identify patterns of caries in the dentition of preschool children of a suburban community of Campeche, Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 109 preschoolers 5-6 years old was carried-out. The criteria to diagnose dental caries were the index dmft (WHO) and "magnitude of lesion caries criteria". Dental loss is considered to be total absence of the tooth or grade 4 on the MLCC scale (a loss of more than ¾ parts of clinical crown). The attack patterns of caries registered were: 1) anterior pattern, 2) posterior pattern and 3) anterior-posterior subsequent pattern. All subjects were evaluated clinically by two examiners (kappa>0.85). Statistical analysis consisted of calculation of frequency measures, central tendency and dispersion, according to the variables measurement scale. Bivariant analysis was done using chi 2 test. Results: 2041 temporary teeth were examined. Thirteen (11.9%) of the 109 subjects had 34 (1.7%) teeth lost. The lost were principally of the lower second molars. Of the subjects with caries (n=82), 47.6% presented the anterior-posterior patterns, 46.3% showed posterior pattern and 6.1% exhibited anterior pattern. There was no significant difference between attack patterns and age and sex. Conclusions: The tooth loss in

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of histo-blood group antigens on the burden and severity of norovirus gastroenteritis in young infants has not been well documented as mentioned in this paper, however, the role of the histopathology group on the severity of young infants is not well documented.
Abstract: BACKGROUND The role of histo-blood group on the burden and severity of norovirus gastroenteritis in young infants has not been well documented. METHODS Norovirus gastroenteritis was assessed in 443 Nicaraguan children followed from birth until 3 years of age. Stool samples were tested for norovirus by RT-qPCR and histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) were determined by phenotyping of saliva and blood. Hazards ratios (95% CI) and predictors of norovirus AGE outcome stratified by HBGA were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Of 1,353 AGE episodes experienced by children, 229 (17%) tested positive for norovirus with an overall incidence of 21.9/100 child-years. Secretor children were infected as early as 2 months old and had a higher incidence of norovirus GII compared to non-secretor children (15.4 vs 4.1/100 child-years, P = 0.006). Furthermore, all GII.4 AGE episodes occurred in secretor children. Children infected with GI (adjusted OR=0.09, 95% CI 0.02-0.33) or non-GII.4 viruses (adjusted OR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.07-0.6) were less likely to have severe AGE compared to GII.4 infected children. CONCLUSION Secretor status in children strongly influences the incidence of symptomatic norovirus infection in a genogroup or genotype-dependent manner and provides evidence that clinical severity in children depends on norovirus genotypes.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The species of ticks that parasitize livestock in Nicaragua are document, based on tick collection on cattle and horses from 437 farms in nine departments, and 280 specimens of the entomological museum in León were examined.
Abstract: We document the species of ticks that parasitize livestock in Nicaragua. The study was based on tick collection on cattle and horses from 437 farms in nine departments. Of 4841 animals examined (4481 cows and 360 horses), 3299 were parasitized, which represent 68 % of the bovines and 67 % of the equines in study: 59 cows and 25 horses were parasitized by more than one species. In addition, 280 specimens of the entomological museum in Leon were examined. The ticks found on cattle were Rhipicephalus microplus (75.2 % of the ticks collected), Amblyomma mixtum (20.8 %), A. parvum (2.6 %), A. tenellum (0.7 %), A. maculatum (0.7 %). While the ticks collected from the horses were: Dermacentor nitens (41.5 %), A. mixtum (31.7 %), R. microplus (13.8 %), A. parvum (6.5 %), A. tenellum (3.3 %), D. dissimilis (2.4 %) and A. maculatum (0.8 %).

13 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20232
20226
202165
202078
201959
201856