National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Consulta por extracción dental en niños nicaragüenses: una aproximación a las necesidades de atención bucal

Abstract: Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a las visitas al dentista por motivo de extraccion dental en ninos nicaraguenses. Material y Metodos: Se realizo un estudio transversal en una muestra de escolares de 6 a 12 anos de edad. Se incluyeron 1400 ninos de escuelas publicas, a cuyos padres/tutores se les aplico un cuestionario para determinar una serie de variables sociodemograficas, socioeconomicas y dentales. La variable dependiente fue la visita al dentista por extraccion dental (VDED), la cual fue categorizada como: 0=Sin visita al dentista, 1= VDED, pero no en el ultimo ano, 2= VDED en el ultimo ano. En el analisis estadistico se emplearon pruebas estadisticas no parametricas. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 9.00±2.00 anos y las mujeres representaron el 49.9%. Del total de la muestra, 21.6% acudieron al dentista por extraccion dental, de los cuales 9.8% lo hicieron hace mas de un ano y 11.8% durante al ano pasado previo a la encuesta. Las variables que mostraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en el analisis estadistico de las VDED fueron la edad, la edad de la madre, y la posicion socioeconomica. Conclusiones: Uno de cada cinco ninos tuvo VDED. Las visitas al dentista por extracciones dentales podrian utilizarse como un indicador del estado de salud bucal de la poblacion, ya que son una aproximacion a las necesidades de salud que presentan. Conflicto de interes: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interes Recibido: 13/03/2017. Aprobado: 17/09/2017

Preoperative embolization of skull–base tumors: Indications, utility, and concerns

Abstract: Skull-base tumors are generally difficult to access compared with many other cranial lesions. Usually surgery remains the gold standard treatment for the majority of these tumors. However, in many cases, surgical resection is a challenge because the disease usually is already in the advanced stage by the time of diagnosis. Additionally, there are hypervascular lesions which cause excessive loss of blood, then results in multiple blood transfusions and prolonged operative time, increases the risk of neural injury and prevents complete excision. In order to reduce blood loss intraoperatively, many alternatives were available with the neurosurgical armamentarium, such as head elevation, intravenous use of tranexamic acid, total intravenous anesthesia and even preoperative embolization of tumors. However, preoperative embolization carries variable results, potentially aggravating edema and increasing tumor size. To ascertain the current status and the up-to-date indications, an evaluation of the therapeutic role of preoperative embolization was performed in the current study.

Comparison of Performance from Three Continents on the WHO-Recommended Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery1

Abstract: To address the need for standardized test batteries, an expert group convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health during 1983 proposed the Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB) to identify nervous system effects of chemical exposures in human populations worldwide. To determine the feasibility of using the NCTB in varied cultures, a cross-cultural assessment was conducted under WHO auspices. Data were collected in 10 countries of Europe, North and Central America, and Asia from over 2300 males and females who were not exposed to chemicals at work, within five age ranges between 16 and 65. Results suggest that performance on two NCTB tests (Simple Reaction Time, Benton Visual Retention) is very similar in a broad range of countries and that performance on four other NCTB tests (Santa Ana, Digit Symbol, Digit Span, Aiming) is relatively more variable from country to country, in both males and females. However, data collected from very poorly educated males in one country revealed very low performance levels suggesting that the NCTB may not provide an adequate reference group for identifying (behavioral) neurotoxic effects in such populations. More research is thus needed on evaluating neurotoxicity in poorly educated subjects. © 1993 Academic Press, Inc.

Latin American consensus on uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infection-2018.

Abstract: An estimated 20–30% of adult women who experience an initial urinary tract infection (UTI) will have recurrent infection. In these patients, prophylaxis may be considered to improve their quality of life and control overuse of antibiotics. Despite this need, there is currently no Latin American consensus on the treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent UTIs. This consensus, signed by a panel of regional and international experts on UTI management, aims to address this need and is the first step toward a Latin American consensus on a number of urogynecological conditions. The panel agrees that antibiotics should be considered the primary treatment option for symptomatic UTI, taking into account local pathogen resistance patterns. Regarding prophylaxis, immunoactive therapy with the bacterial lysate OM-89 received a grade A recommendation and local estrogen in postmenopausal women grade B recommendation. Lower-grade recommendations include behavior modification and D-mannose; probiotics (Lactobacilli), cranberries, and hyaluronic acid (and derivatives) received limited recommendations; their use should be discussed with the patient. Though considered effective and receiving grade A recommendation, antimicrobial prophylaxis should be considered only following prophylaxis with effective non-antimicrobial measures that were not successful and chosen based on the frequency of sexual intercourse and local pathogen resistance patterns.