National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Challenges to Diagnosing Leptospirosis in Endemic Regions Require Urgent Attention

Abstract: Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases, poses health and economic threats across the globe, yet little investment in tools to identify and eliminate disease have been made. Current gold standard diagnostics are time-intensive, suffer sensitivity and specificity challenges, and are scarce in resource-limited settings, where the largest disease burden exists. Central American countries are at higher risk than most of the world, although challenges to surveillance limit our understanding of the true impact of leptospirosis on that region. One of the greatest challenges to surveillance is the laboratory capacity and technical expertise to accurately and quickly diagnose disease. There is an immediate need for a redesign of the testing algorithm for leptospirosis in order to improve surveillance and inform treatment and prevention activities. A global collaboration to increase laboratory capacity in Central America that includes improved access to technologies beyond the current gold standard is important to explore.

Las competencias y la evaluación. Hacia un modelo de evaluación auténtica de los aprendizajes

Abstract: This reflection arises from the experience of two teachers of the Faculty of Education and Languages and aims to improve teaching performance, particularly the evaluation of the learning processes of students. Our foundation is that we are immersed in a complex world, often called an information and knowledge society, which set the challenge to the professional to transform the information he receives into useful knowledge for his life. Therefore, we analyze education from a complex and holistic perspective. We believe that despite contextual challenges, teachers continue using the same teaching and evaluation practices. We insist that learning assessment processes must also evolve simultaneously with social change processes. The Evaluation Model we propose to contribute to the development of teaching skills; it is also coherent with the Nicaraguan reality and envisions educational evaluation from a broad perspective.

Feasibility of using salivary biomarkers to assess human exposure to chlorpyrifos

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using salivary biomarkers to assess chlorpyrifos exposure using data collected from laboratory controlled animal study, as well as from farmers in Thailand and Nicaragua who applied chlorpyrifos in the field. Time-matched saliva and arterial blood samples were collected from rats and adult agricultural workers, while spot saliva samples were collected from children. Specimen samples were analyzed for chlorpyrifos using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results from both animal and farmer studies show that chlorpyrifos is excreted into saliva. Nevertheless, salivary excretion of chlorpyrifos seems to differ from other pesticides, as evidenced by the lack of correspondence of chlorpyrifos levels between saliva and plasma samples. The lower chlorpyrifos concentrations in saliva collected from rats, and from farmers and their children, may have resulted from the rapid hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos during the intracellul...

Crecimiento de las tilapias oreochromis niloticus en cultivo monosexual y ambos sexos, en sistemas de producción semi - intensivos

Abstract: Objetivo. Comparar los parametros poblacionales de las tilapias Oreochromis niloticus que crecen en cultivos Monosexuales y Ambos sexos en sistemas de produccion semi-intensivos. Materiales y Metodos. Para determinar que tratamiento obtuvo mayor crecimiento se realizo la toma de factores fisico-quimicos (Oxigeno Disuelto, Temperatura) y parametros poblacionales (Crecimiento Acumulado, Sobrevivencia y Factor de Conversion Alimenticia). Recolectando estos datos durante 25 dias donde las Tilapias Oreochromis niloticus tuvieron un peso inicial de 77.43gr en ambos tratamientos. Resultados. Segun los resultados obtenidos en el experimento, el tratamiento monosexual adquirio un crecimiento final de 135.42gr obteniendo como promedio 57.99 gr en cambio el tratamiento de ambos sexos alcanzo un crecimiento final de 112.73gr logrando un promedio de 35.3 gr. Conclusion. El tratamiento monosexual gano mayor tamano y biomasa en menor tiempo dado que estos solamente se dedicaron a alimentarse, en cambio en el tratamiento de ambos sexos gano poca biomasa ya que el alimento ingerido lo ocuparon para la preparacion de la maduracion sexual y asi entrar a la etapa de reproduccion, lo que disminuyo su velocidad de crecimiento, al aplicar los analisis estadisticos se encontro que p>0.05 alegando que el crecimiento de las Tilapias Oreochromis niloticus es mayor cuando solo se cultivan machos.

Infección de vías urinarias en niños menores de 12 años en zona Rural de Chontales-Nicaragua

Abstract: The objective of this work is to determine through diagnostic tests the presence of urinary tract infection in children under 12 years old in the village called “San Marcos” located at 24 km from Juigalpa Chontales. It is estimated that it has 45 homes where 38 children are taken as the study population. In addition, they meet the inclusion criteria for this research. In those children, the UTI can be grouped as a first episode. It is usually benign, or as recurrent UTI, which can cause glomerular damage and kidney scar formation. From 10 to 30% of patients present complications, such as hypertension (HT), proteinuria and chronic renal failure. Children with high risk of developing kidney scars should be identified early with diagnostic measures for a proper treatment. It is a quantitative research supported by a descriptive design with the participation of children under 12 years old who live in that village. The universe was 38 children with inclusion criteria regarding the age, so the sample consisted of 30 children from the total study population. From the 100% of the analyzed samples, 10% of them presented cellular alterations that lead to an IVU in the General Urine Examination with predominance of affection in female sex from 4-5 years old. Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated in 10% of them with the urine culture diagnostic tool.