National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

The relation between sexual abuse in childhood and use of illicit drugs: in students of a public university in Nicaragua

Abstract: Illicit drugs with sexual abuse during childhood are responsible for considerable morbidity in the world. The results show that sexual abuse was reported by 8.9% [95% CI (6.1%, 11.8%)] of respondents. The prevalence of illicit drugs (Cannabis, Cocaine, Heroin or Ecstasy) in the last year was 15.5 % [95% CI (11.8%, 19.2%)]. After controlloling for sex, age and origin of the students, the Generalized Linear Models determined that female students who were sexually abused during childhood are 2.3 [p=0.01, 95% (1.21, 4.55)] more likely to using illicit drugs compared to women who did not suffer from this kind of abuse. These results highlight the extent of sexual abuse in childhood and its relationship, long-term consumption of illicit drugs, and develop preventive actions that aim to minimize these problems. DESCRIPTORS: Child abuse, sexual. Street drug. students.

Nematodos fitoparásitos asociados al tomate en la zona occidental de Nicaragua

Abstract: The objective of this study was to iden-tify parasitic nematodes associated with the tomato crop in Leon and Chinandega western region of Nicaragua. During the period of 2010-2011, five tomato fields were sampled in both Leon and Chinandega; these samples included soil and roots, the total sampled area was of 2.5 ha. Eight samples were collected from each of the ten tomato plantations studied, for a total of 80 samples. Soil and root samples were taken 10 m from each other in a zig-zag pattern. Soil nematode extraction was conducted using the Modified Baermann funnel technique and maceration and sieving method was used for root nematodes. The data obtained was correlated with predisposing factors that have been reported to influence nematodes such as soil type, crop rotation and precipitation. Similarly, the population growth of the main nematode genera was described through mathematical models. The greatest densities of nematodes were isolated from soil samples; the most common nematodes in 100 grams of soil were Meloidogyne with 739, Pratylenchus with 555, Tylenchorhynchus with 386 and Helicotylenchus with 252. It was proven that precipitation had no significant effect on the parasitic nematode population. Finally, it was determined that the increasing number of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus in the tomato crop fit a linear mathematical model (R2=0,98 for both nematodes), showing an existing positive and linear correlation between the phenological stages of the tomato and the increment of the nematodes in the soil.

Frecuencia de quistes y tumores odontogénicos en población nicaragüense. Estudio retrospectivo a siete años

Abstract: Background: Odontogenic cysts and tumors (OCTs) are an important group of oral pathologies. There are no epidemiological data of the frequency of these lesions among Nicaraguans. Purpose: To establish the relative frequency of OCTs in Nicaraguan population. Methods: This was a retrospective study in which excisional biopsy records of regional hospital pathology departments from the cities of Leon, Managua, Esteli, Matagalpa, and Jinotega, obtained between 2010 and 2016, were analyzed. The pathologies were classified using the World Health Organization 2017 guidelines. Data analysis was descriptive through relative frequencies. Results: There were 109 OCT cases (0.8 %) out of 13,102 reports reviewed. Distribution by sex was 50.9 % men and 49.9 % women, mainly in the 11-to-30-year age range. The most frequent cyst was dentigerous cyst (69.5 %) and the most common odontogenic tumor was ameloblastoma (50 %), predominantly in the jaw. Conclusion: This study provides epidemiological information on OCTs from five Nicaraguan cities. These data are important to identify groups at risk and possible associated factors, and to implement differential diagnostic and adequate treatment systems.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de normas de bioseguridad y riesgo biológico en odontólogos de práctica privada de tres ciudades de Nicaragua

Abstract: Objetivo: Describir los conocimientos, actitudes y practicas de normas de bioseguridad y riesgo biologico en odontologos que ejercen su practica privada en tres ciudades de Nicaragua, durante el ano 2017. Metodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo transversal con 86 dentistas seleccionados con la tecnica bola de nieve a traves de un muestreo no probabilistico y por conveniencia en las ciudades de Managua,Chinandega y Leon; a los cuales se le aplico un cuestionario semiestructurado previamente validado. Los datos fueron procesados utilizando estadistica descriptiva mediante frecuencias y porcentajes de las variables en estudio. Resultados: Los odontologos conocen el concepto de riesgo biologico en un 98,8%, pero no el nombre especifico de los agentes infecciosos y las vias de entrada de estos al organismo (76,7%), realizan el lavado de manos frecuente antes y despues de cada procedimiento dental (60,4%) y tienen nociones basicas de actuacion ante accidentes percutaneos en un 48,8%, la mayoria responde a buenas actitudes de desinfeccion y esterilizacion de instrumentales y equipos 78% y 68,6%, asi como bioseguridad personal (98,8%). La ciudad de Managua resalta por el adecuado manejo de residuos bioinfecciosos. Conclusiones: Los dentistas presentaron un conocimiento regular, una actitud positiva y buenas practicas de bioseguridad.