National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Formación de médicos generales en América Latina: un reto para la salud universal

Abstract: Objective To gather opinions from medical schools regarding the existence of public policies on the health workforce (human resources for health) and whether sufficient public financing and regulatory mechanisms are in place for undergraduate medical education; and to identify areas of opportunity to improve the availability of general practitioners in the Region of the Americas. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted with 105 medical schools (51 public and 54 private) in 17 countries. A questionnaire with a Likert scale was used to explore three dimensions (political, economic, and regulatory contexts) composed of 4, 2, and 4 variables each, respectively, and validated with the Delphi method. Frequencies of responses to the questions were estimated. A frequency analysis was performed, as well as a bivariate analysis to identify differences between public and private schools, applying the Chi-square test to compare percentages. Results The political context was considered favorable by 64% of the schools; the economic context, by 37%; and the regulatory context, by 23%. The only significant differences between public and private schools were in the financial resources they administer. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen public policies, public investment, and the regulation of medical education in order to improve the education and availability of general practitioners in the countries of the Region.

Pruebas de detección del cáncer cervicouterino asociado al Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH)

Abstract: El cancer cervicouterino ocupa el segundo lugar en frecuencia en todo el mundo y es el principal en la mayoria de los paises en vias de desarrollo, segun la Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Se determino las pruebas de deteccion del cancer cervico uterino, la frecuencia de cambios celulares del cervix sospechosas, y asociadas al virus del papiloma humano. El estudio fue descriptivo de corte transversal en el Hospital Bertha Calderon Roque cuyo universo fueron 181 mujeres atendidas en consulta externa, la muestra fue 83(45.8%) mujeres con PAP positivo y diagnosticadas con VPH. Segun los resultados las preubas de diagnosticos utilizados fueron citologicos (PAP) y biopsia por conizacion mediante asa diatermica con un 100%. No se realizan metodos moleculares para la deteccion del virus. Los cambios morfologicos obtenidos a partir de citologia cervical y biopsia fueron la lesion de bajo grado o NIC I con el 14% detectado mediante colposcopia y para Condiloma un 11% a traves de biopsia. Las lesiones escamosas de alto grado, se obtuvo un 33% para NIC III mediante biopsia por asa diatermica. En el caso de ASCUS se detectaron en un 22% a traves de PAP. Se observo que la mayor prevalencia de VPH fue en mujeres en las edades entre 19-48 anos con un 70%.

Cardiovascular complications associated with spinal cord injury

Abstract: Spinal cord injury can lead to important functional, psychological and social sequelae Despite the progress in medicine and greater understanding of the pathophysiological events associated with a traumatic spinal cord injury, spinal cord injury is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality The involvement of the autonomic nervous system has implications in acute and chronic stages of the injured spinal cord patients The most frequent cardiovascular complications in the acute phase of the traumatic spinal lesions are bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, increased vasovagal reflexes, ventricular and supraventricular ectopic beats, venous stasis, and vasodilation In the chronic phase, we find orthostatic hypotension, alteration of the arterial pressure and the regulation of the body temperature as well as alteration of the blood volume The knowledge of the cardiovascular alterations is of vital importance for the management and rehabilitation of the patients with spinal cord injury In this article, we present a critical review of medical literature

Modelo de indicadores de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático y su representación espacial en la región centro-Golfo de México

Abstract: El tema de Cambio Climatico (CC) es aun debatible, pero la evaluacion de vulnerabilidad a eventos extremos es indispensable para un uso estrategico de los recursos publicos. Ejemplo reciente son los impactos de los ciclones “Ingrid” y “Manuel” que se hubieran aminorado si anos atras se hubiera evaluado la vulnerabilidad de la zona y distribuido recursos en concordancia. Este trabajo evaluo la vulnerabilidad a CC de una franja del centro del pais hacia Golfo de Mexico, alineada a la direccion que frecuentemente siguen los ciclones. Adaptado el modelo de Malone y Brenkert (2008), se emplearon como indicadores de vulnerabilidad variables socio-economicas, biofisicas y climaticas. Los subcriterios mas importante para vulnerabilidad al CC son el tamano de la poblacion, marginacion, tecnologia para la produccion, degradacion de los recursos naturales y capacidad economica. La evaluacion de vulnerabilidad tambien se realizo dando peso diferenciado a las variables de acuerdo a la opinion de expertos, con resultados similares. La evaluacion de la vulnerabilidad a CC mediante el modelo empleado es una herramienta de valiosa para detectar las areas prioritarias para el uso de recursos y minimizar los impactos de eventos climaticos extremos.

Percepción de la Seguridad Alimentaria de los Hogares del municipio San Francisco Libre, Managua 2014-2016

Abstract: The study on the perception of food security is a contribution to the analysis of Food and Nutrition Security from the local level to identify the risk and most vulnerable groups. The research was descriptive, observational where we examined the socio-demographic characteristics of the heads of household, access, and consumption of food in the home, and the food sufficiency of households in the communities: Las Delicias, San Roque, and La Huertas and of the urban area of the departmental head of the municipality. Among the main results, 78% of the heads of the household are men, 52% are farmers and their family nucleus is made up of 4.2 members. 86% of households have food insecurity due to a lack of access to food in adequate quantity and quality to have a healthy life during the period studied. With a greater degree of severity in levels (mild and moderate insecure), with one third respectively of urban and rural households. This shows that households have experienced uncertainty and concern about the lack of food even hunger due to lack of money and resources to access food in sufficient quantity and adequate quality to enjoy a healthful diet. The level of energy sufficiency is critical for 40% of households and poor food sufficiency levels for 20% of rural and urban households in the municipality.