National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Maquila Workers’ Health: Basic Issues, What is Known, and a Pilot Study in Nicaragua

Abstract: Occupational health issues identified in maquilas include respiratory, musculoskeletal, psychological problems, and accidents. This study identifies the basic health issues, as well as the sources and investigational methods needed for drafting health standards for maquilas. It sets out conceptual guidelines, suggesting general methodological strategies appropriate for studies of workers’ health and its determinants in the maquiladora sector. The conceptual-methodological model is based on 1) a review of relevant studies, 2) a mixed methods pilot feasibility study within the community of workers and social actors of a textile maquila in Nicaragua, and 3) the conceptual-methodological integration of a literature review with the results of the pilot study. The main issues identified are the organization of work, health, governmental regulation, family and gender, infrastructure and environment. Methodological recommendations focus on the principle of triangulation; the use of anonymous questionnaires and focus groups to examine specific issues; individual interviews with management personnel and members of the community; and the value of family members as key informers on the impact on family, environment and community. Observation of actual work procedures is ideal but not always possible. A joint health and safety committee and a health services unit would be key instruments in the prevention of accidents and illness and in health promotion and care.

Metrología Química II: Estimación de la Incertidumbre en la Medición de pH en Aguas

Abstract: El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es estimar la incertidumbre en la determinacion del pH en una muestra de agua tomando en cuenta todos los parametros experimentales que intervienen en el proceso de medicion. Para evaluar la incertidumbre se siguio el procedimiento general establecido en la guia GUM ISO 1995. Se derivo el modelo matematico, donde interviene el efecto del potencial de asimetria del electrodo de vidrio utilizado. Se identificaron todas las fuentes de incertidumbres a traves del diagrama causa-efecto. Se calcularon todos los componentes de las incertidumbres y se combinaron a traves de la ley de propagacion de la incertidumbre para obtener el valor de la incertidumbre estandar en la medicion del pH en la muestra de agua (upHx). Se elaboro un diagrama de Pareto, donde se demuestra que de 7 fuentes principales de incertidumbre, solamente la repetibilidad en la lectura del potencial (Ex) de la muestra y la incertidumbre en el calculo del pH donde el potencial es nulo (pH0) son los que influyen en la estimacion de upHx, cuyo valor fue 0.05. El intervalo de confianza encontrado fue de 7.6 ± 0.11. La incertidumbre expandida fue calculada tomando como factor de cobertura el valor de t al 95% de nivel de confianza y 18 grados de libertad efectivos.

USO DE AISLAMIENTOS ENDOFÍTICOS DE Trichoderma spp., PARA EL BIOCONTROL DEL MAL DE PANAMÁ (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) RAZA 1 EN VITROPLANTAS DE BANANO DEL CULTIVAR GROS MICHEL (AAA) EN CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO

Abstract: El objetivo de la presente investigacion fue seleccionar aislamientos endofiticos de Trichoderma spp., para el biocontrol de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense raza 1. Se evaluaron los tres aislamientos mas patogenicos FOC2, FOC4, FOC8 obtenidos del criobanco del Laboratorio de Fitopatologia del CATIE, en una prueba de antibiosis y posteriormente se procedio a realizar la prueba de biocontrol con veinte aislamientos endofiticos de Trichoderma spp. y dos aislamientos FOC2 y FOC4 en vitroplantas de Gros Michel (AAA) en condiciones de invernadero. Por medio de la tecnica de cocultivo veinte aislados de Trichoderma spp., inhibieron el crecimiento radial de FOC hasta en un 53,46%. En el bioensayo de biocontrol, los aislamientos endofiticos de Trichoderma spp., presentaron un minimo porcentaje de incidencia con 37,5% del tratamiento TJ5, en comparacion al testigo absoluto que no presento incidencia. Asi mismo los tratamientos TC9, TP3 y TCL1 redujeron desde un 92% hasta 90% los sintomas externos en comparacion a los testigos referenciales. Los sintomas internos del cormo se redujeron hasta un 74% por el tratamiento TC9. Adicionalmente se detecto que plantas protegidas con los aislamientos endofiticos de Trichoderma spp., promovieron el crecimiento vegetativo de la planta en peso de la raiz y follaje.

La educación superior en Nicaragua

Abstract: El autor ofrece un panorama de la Educacion Superior en Nicaragua en un escenario de baja tasa de matricula (18%) y precaria calidad. Las actividades de I&D se desarrollan principalmente con el apoyo tecnico y financiero de la cooperacion internacional.

Mesoamerican Nephropathy and Kidney Disease Progression: A Case Series of Individuals With Kidney Biopsies From Nicaragua and El Salvador.

Abstract: Mesoamerican Nephropathy and Kidney Disease Progression: A Case Series of Individuals With Kidney Biopsies From Nicaragua and El Salvador To the Editor: Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN) is a chronic kidney disease affecting rural populations in Central America, especially sugarcane workers. Prospective studies and data regarding the natural history of the disease are scarce. We have previously described kidney morphology and biochemical characteristics of MeN in 2 case series, including a 1-to-2-year-long follow-up where mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline was 4.4 mL/min/1.73 m per year. Another 2-year-long prospective study of young rural men with chronic kidney disease in Nicaragua without kidney biopsies reported an average eGFR decline of 3.8 mL/min/1.73 m. We now report eGFR trends in individuals with MeN with kidney biopsies over a period of 5-7 years. Participants from our previous kidney biopsy studies in El Salvador and Nicaragua were invited to participate in this long-term follow-up. Blood and urine samples were collected and the subset of participants from Nicaragua also completed a questionnaire regarding work history. eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation. Samples were analyzed at the same local laboratory as in the baseline study. Kidney biopsy findings at baseline are described in previous publications. In hypothesis-generating analyses, associations between baseline biopsy findings and progression rate were calculated using linear regression for continuous variables and 1-way analysis of variance for categorical variables (GraphPad). Ethics committees at Hospital Nacional Rosales, El Salvador (ACTA EXP. No 11/ 2016), the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Nicaragua (ACTA No 31 and 83), and Stockholm, Sweden (Dnr 2015/849-32) approved the study. New written informed consent was collected from Nicaragua participants. No new informed consent was required from the