National Chemical Laboratory

About: National Chemical Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Pune, Maharashtra, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Nanoparticle. The organization has 8891 authors who have published 14837 publications receiving 387600 citations.

Continuous flow nitration in miniaturized devices.

Abstract: This review highlights the state of the art in the field of continuous flow nitration with miniaturized devices. Although nitration has been one of the oldest and most important unit reactions, the advent of miniaturized devices has paved the way for new opportunities to reconsider the conventional approach for exothermic and selectivity sensitive nitration reactions. Four different approaches to flow nitration with microreactors are presented herein and discussed in view of their advantages, limitations and applicability of the information towards scale-up. Selected recent patents that disclose scale-up methodologies for continuous flow nitration are also briefly reviewed.

Potential of DNA markers in detecting divergence and in analysing heterosis in Indian elite chickpea cultivars

Abstract: Molecular markers such as RAPDs and microsatellites were used to study genetic diversity in 29 elite Indian chickpea genotypes. In general, microsatellites were more efficient than the RAPD markers in detecting polymorphism in these genotypes. Among the various microsatellites, (AAC)5, (ACT)5, (AAG)5 and (GATA)4 were able to differentiate all 29 chickpea cultivars. The mean value of probability of identical match by chance was 2.32×10-25 using DraI-(ACT)5, TaqI-(AAC)5, TaqI-(AAG)5 and TaqI-(GATA)4 enzyme-probe combinations. The dendrogram, constructed on the basis of similarity index values, grouped the chickpea genotypes into five main clusters with 8 cultivars genetically distant and outgrouped from the main clusters. To investigate if DNA markers are useful in predicting F1 performance and heterosis in chickpea, we crossed 8 genotypes having important agronomic characters in a diallel set. The F1s and their parents in the diallel set were analysed for agronomic traits for better parent and midparent heterosis. Heterosis was found to be much higher for yield than for yield components that fit a multiplicative model. The analysis of genetic divergence using D2 statistics clustered the 8 cultivars into two groups. Although molecular marker-based genetic distance did not linearly correlate to heterosis, two heterotic groups could be identified on the basis of the general marker heterozygosity.