National Chemical Laboratory

About: National Chemical Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Pune, Maharashtra, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Enantioselective synthesis. The organization has 8891 authors who have published 14837 publications receiving 387600 citations.

RuO2·nH2O Nanoparticles Anchored on Carbon Nano-onions: An Efficient Electrode for Solid State Flexible Electrochemical Supercapacitor

Abstract: A flexible solid state electrochemical capacitor based on hydrous RuO2 nanoparticles, supported onto the nonporous and highly accessible ion adsorptive carbon nano-onions (CNOs), is fabricated in a novel process of modifying a conducting carbon paper to a flexible conducting substrate, separated with a poly(vinyl alcohol)/H2SO4 gel electrolyte. The sol–gel technique tends to form homogeneously dispersed RuO2 nanoparticles with the average size of ∼2.3 nm on the positive surface curvatures of multilayer fullerene (CNOs), which helps the high diffusivity of ions in both the aqueous and solid state gel electrolytes. The flexible substrate worked excellently as an electrical conductor as well as a stable mechanical support. This solid state flexible energy storage device showed a maximum energy density of 10.62 Whkg–1 and a maximum power density of 4.456 kWkg–1 for the hydrous RuO2/CNOs nanocomposite with 94.47% cycling stability even after 4000 cycles.

Direct oxidation of hydrogen to hydrogen peroxide over Pd-containing fluorinated or sulfated Al2O3, ZrO2, CeO2, ThO2, Y2O3 and Ga2O3 catalysts in stirred slurry reactor at ambient conditions

Abstract: Direct oxidation of H 2 to H 2 O 2 over powdered PdO-containing fluorinated or sulfated Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , ThO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Ga 2 O 3 catalysts with or without pre-reduction by hydrazine, using a pure water or 0.02 M H 2 SO 4 as reaction medium and a gaseous feed consisting of 1.7 vol.% H 2 in O 2 , in a magnetically stirred glass reactor at 22 °C and atmospheric pressure has been investigated. The catalysts have been characterized for their surface area and also by CO chemisorption. The performance of the catalysts in the decomposition of H 2 O 2 at 22 °C has also been studied. The results showed a strong influence of catalyst reduction, fluorination (or chlorination) or sulfatation of the catalyst support and the acidity of reaction medium on both the conversion and H 2 O 2 selectivity in the direct oxidation of H 2 . An acidic medium is essential for achieving both the high conversion and high selectivity in the H 2 oxidation. The reduced catalysts showed much lower H 2 O 2 selectivity in the H 2 oxidation process and much higher H 2 O 2 decomposition activity. The water in the H 2 to H 2 O 2 oxidation over the above catalysts is formed in parallel and/or consecutive reactions, depending upon the catalyst used.