Showing papers by "National Cheng Kung University published in 1997"
TL;DR: An initial attempt to establish the interrater reliability of the trigger point examination that failed, and a second study by the same examiners that included a training period and that successfully established interRater reliability in the diagnosis of the MTrP are reported.
Abstract: The myofascial trigger point (MTrP) is the hallmark physical finding of the myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). The MTrP itself is characterized by distinctive physical features that include a tender point in a taut band of muscle, a local twitch response (LTR) to mechanical stimulation, a pain referral pattern characteristic of trigger points of specific areas in each muscle, and the reproduction of the patient's usual pain. No prior study has demonstrated that these physical features are reproducible among different examiners, thereby establishing the reliability of the physical examination in the diagnosis of the MPS. This paper reports an initial attempt to establish the interrater reliability of the trigger point examination that failed, and a second study by the same examiners that included a training period and that successfully established interrater reliability in the diagnosis of the MTrP. The study also showed that the interrater reliability of different features varies, the LTR being the most difficult, and that the interrater reliability of the identification of MTrP features among different muscles also varies.
632 citations
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, an operational matrix of integration based on Haar wavelets is established, and a procedure for applying the matrix to analyse lumped and distributed-parameters dynamic systems is formulated.
Abstract: An operational matrix of integration based on Haar wavelets is established, and a procedure for applying the matrix to analyse lumped and distributed-parameters dynamic systems is formulated. The technique can be interpreted from the incremental and multiresolution viewpoint. Crude as well as accurate solutions can be obtained by changing the parameter m; in the mean time, the main features of the solution are preserved. Several nontrivial examples are included for demonstrating the fast, flexible and convenient capabilities of the new method.
516 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the hydrogen bonding in hard and soft segments was examined for the extent of phase separation, and the microstructure was evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Abstract: Three types of amine-containing polyurethanes and poly(urethane−ureas), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and/or tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) as the chain extender and poly(ethylene glycol) of MW 400 as the soft-segment component, have been studied by FTIR. The hydrogen bonding in hard and soft segments was examined for the extent of phase separation, and the microstructure was evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The temperature effects on the hydrogen bonding were also investigated. They show a significant amount of hydrogen bonding between the hard and soft segments. It indicates that there exists a large amount of partial phase mixing of hard and soft segments compared to the conventional polyurethanes. The bulky CH3 groups of MDEA in hard segments restrict the hydrogen bonding within the hard segments, while the TEPA-containing urethane−urea polymers have more distinct phase separation. However, all of the polymers studied are amorphous materials such that the dissolved soft segments in...
311 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors recognized the consistent occurrence of the subduction wedge and collision prism onshore and offshore Taiwan and reconstructed the evolution of the accretionary prism during subduction and collision tectonics of Taiwan.
253 citations
TL;DR: Auxetic materials have a negative Poisson's ratio, that is, they expand laterally when stretched longitudinally as mentioned in this paper, which affects many of the mechanical properties of the material, such as indentation resistance, compression, shear stiffness, and dynamic performance.
Abstract: Auxetic materials have a negative Poisson's ratio, that is, they expand laterally when stretched longitudinally. Negative Poisson's ratio is an unusual property that affects many of the mechanical properties of the material, such as indentation resistance, compression, shear stiffness, and certain aspects of the dynamic performance. The unusual mechanical properties of auxetic foams are attributed to the deformation characteristics of re-entrant microstructures. One way of obtaining negative Poisson's ratio is by using a re-entrant cell structure. Auxetic foam was fabricated from a conventional polymeric foam. The fabrication method for making both small and large auxetic foam specimens is described.
225 citations
TL;DR: A fuzzy goal programming approach is applied for the optimal planning of solid waste management systems in a metropolitan region and demonstrates how fuzzy, or imprecise, objectives of the decision maker can be quantified through the use of specific membership functions in various types ofSolid waste management alternatives.
221 citations
TL;DR: The proposed approach utilizes a set of high-frequency channel energies to characterize texture features, followed by a multi-thresholding technique for coarse segmentation, and the number of texture classes is determined by an inter-scale fusion in which the segmentation results at multiple scales are integrated.
195 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an evolutionary programming (EP) based fuzzy system development technique is proposed to identify the incipient faults of the power transformers using the IEC/IEEE DGA criteria as references, a preliminary framework of the fuzzy diagnosis system is first built.
Abstract: To improve the diagnosis accuracy of the conventional dissolved gas analysis (DGA) approaches, this paper proposes an evolutionary programming (EP) based fuzzy system development technique to identify the incipient faults of the power transformers. Using the IEC/IEEE DGA criteria as references, a preliminary framework of the fuzzy diagnosis system is first built. Based on previous dissolved gas test records and their actual fault types, the proposed EP-based development technique is then employed to automatically modify the fuzzy if-then rules and simultaneously adjust the corresponding membership functions. In comparison to results of the conventional DGA and the artificial neural networks (ANN) classification methods, the proposed method has been verified to possess superior performance both in developing the diagnosis system and in identifying the practical transformer fault cases.
185 citations
TL;DR: A new fuzzy filter for the removal of heavy additive impulse noise, called the weighted fuzzy mean (WFM) filter, is proposed and analyzed in this paper.
172 citations
TL;DR: Early postnatal use of dexamethasone was associated with a significant decrease in tracheal aspirate cell counts, protein, leukotriene B4, and 6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha, suggesting a suppression of pulmonary inflammatory response.
Abstract: Objectives To study whether early postnatal ( Materials and Methods A multicenter randomized, double-blind clinical trial was undertaken on 262 (saline placebo, 130; dexamethasone, 132) preterm infants ( 4 , and 6-keto prostaglandin F 1α All infants were observed for possible side effects, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, cardiomyopathy, and alterations in calcium homeostasis, protein metabolism, and somatic growth Results Infants in the dexamethasone group had a significantly lower incidence of chronic lung disease than infants in the placebo group either judged at 28 postnatal days (21/132 vs 40/130) or at 36 postconceptional weeks (20/132 vs 37/130) More infants in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group were extubated during the study There was no difference between the groups in mortality (39/130 vs 44/132); however, a higher proportion of infants in the dexamethasone group died in the late study period, probably attributable to infection or sepsis There was no difference between the groups in duration of oxygen therapy and hospitalization Early postnatal use of dexamethasone was associated with a significant decrease in tracheal aspirate cell counts, protein, leukotriene B 4 , and 6-keto prostaglandin F 1α , suggesting a suppression of pulmonary inflammatory response Significantly more infants in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group had either bacteremia or clinical sepsis (43/132 vs 27/130) Other immediate, but transient, side effects observed in the dexamethasone group are: an increase in blood glucose and blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, hyperparathyroidism, and a transient delay in the rate of growth Conclusions In preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome requiring assisted ventilation shortly after birth, early postnatal dexamethasone therapy reduces the incidence of chronic lung disease, probably on the basis of decreasing the pulmonary inflammatory process during the early neonatal period Infection or sepsis is the major side effect that may affect the immediate outcome Other observable side effects are transient In view of the significant side effects and the lack of overall improvement in outcome and mortality, and the lack of long term follow-up data, the routine use of early dexamethasone therapy is not yet recommended
168 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a recent development in the strategic management literature, the resource-based view of the firm, has great utility for furthering our understanding of sport sponsorship, and a theoretical framework is provided to explain the application of the approach to sponsorship.
Abstract: This study demonstrates that a recent development in the strategic management literature, the resource-based view of the firm, has great utility for furthering our understanding of sport sponsorship. The paper provides a theoretical framework to explain the application of the approach to sponsorship. Illustration and greater insight are then provided through the presentation of two case studies. These are used to identify the salient characteristics of agreements made by two international companies, each of which has been extensively involved in sport sponsorship but with varying degrees of success. The resource-based approach is used to demonstrate that the disparate returns of the companies' sponsorship investments could have been anticipated. As such, as well as providing a conceptual extension to the sponsorship literature, the paper also offers a route for more empirical analyses of potential sponsorship opportunities.
TL;DR: A semantic recognition and rule-oriented approach for developing a product design is proposed, using the development of an office chair and a number of referential products to quantify partial correlation coefficients.
TL;DR: Experimental results indicate that the structure and properties of the PLD-HA films varied with deposition parameters, and the value of the Ca/P ratio was significantly higher in the region near the surface, particularly near the coating-substrate interface, than in the coating interior.
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to assess the value of 3‐dimensional sonography in the diagnosis of congenital müllerian duct anomalies, which cause infertility, preterm labor, and first trimester abortion.
Abstract: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the value of 3-dimensional sonography in the diagnosis of congenital mullerian duct anomalies, which cause infertility, preterm labor, and first trimester abortion.
Methods
A prospective study was undertaken in which 40 patients with histories of repeated spontaneous abortions or infertility were first examined using conventional 2-dimensional sonography or hysterosalpingography. Three-dimensional transvaginal sonography was then performed.
Results
Twenty-eight women had mullerian duct abnormalities, and 12 women had normal uterine anatomy. Mullerian duct defects detected in this study were unicornuate uterus (3), bicornuate uterus (3), complete or partial septate uterus (12), arcuate uterus (9), and didelphic uterus (1). The diagnosis of mullerian duct anomalies in these patients was confirmed by laparoscopic and/or hysteroscopic examinations. Three-dimensional sonography demonstrated all congenital uterine abnormalities with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Separate uterus and bicornuate uterus could be correctly diagnosed using 3-dimensional sonography in 11 (92%) of 12 cases and 3 (100%) of 3 cases, respectively. These 2 abnormalities were commonly confused with each other using hysterosalpingography and conventional sonography.
Conclusions
Three-dimensional sonography with image reconstruction is less expensive and less invasive than hysterosalpingography for the assessment of uterine anatomy and diagnosis of mullerian duct abnormalities. The ability to visualize both the uterine cavity and the myometrium on a 3-dimensional scan facilitates the diagnosis of uterine anomalies and enables the differentiation of septate from bicornuate uteri for preoperative surgical planning. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound25: 487–492, 1997.
TL;DR: A fast block-matching algorithm that uses three fast matching error measures, besides the conventional mean-absolute error (MAE) or mean-square error (MSE), to reduce computations by over 86% while ensuring optimal accuracy.
Abstract: This paper proposes a fast block-matching algorithm that uses three fast matching error measures, besides the conventional mean-absolute error (MAE) or mean-square error (MSE). An incoming reference block in the current frame is compared to candidate blocks within the search window using multiple matching criteria. These three fast matching error measures are established on the integral projections, having the advantages of being good block features and having simple complexity in measuring matching errors. Most of the candidate blocks can be rejected only by calculating one or more of the three fast matching error measures. The time-consuming computations of MSE or MAE are performed on only a few candidate blocks that first pass all three fast matching criteria. Simulation results show that a reduction of over 86% in computations is achieved after integrating the three fast matching criteria into the full-search algorithm, while ensuring optimal accuracy.
TL;DR: It is concluded that ENS is more effective for immediate relief of myofascial trigger point pain than EMS, and EMS has a better effect on immediate release of muscle tightness than ENS.
Abstract: This study is designed to investigate the immediate effectiveness of electrotherapy on myofascial trigger points of upper trapezius muscle. Sixty patients (25 males and 35 females) who had myofascial trigger points in one side of the upper trapezius muscles were studied. The involved upper trapezius muscles were treated with three different methods according to a random assignment: group A muscles (n = 18) were given placebo treatment (control group); group B muscles (n = 20) were treated with electrical nerve stimulation (ENS) therapy; and group C muscles (n = 22) were given electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) therapy. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by conducting three measurements on each muscle before and immediately after treatment: subjective pain intensity [(PI) with a visual analog scale], pressure pain threshold [(PT) with algometry], and range of motion [(ROM) with a goniometer] of upper trapezius muscle (lateral bending of cervical spine to the opposite side). When the effectiveness of treatment was compared with that of the placebo group (group A), there was significant improvement in PI and PT in group B (P 0.05). The improvement of ROM was significantly more in group C (P 0.05) improve ROM, as compared with the placebo group for both subgroups. EMS could significantly (P < 0.05) improve ROM, but not PT, better than the placebo groups, for either subgroup. It could reduce PI significantly more (P < 0.05) than placebo controls only for the subgroup with mild to moderate pain, but not with severe pain. For pain relief, ENS was significantly better (P < 0.05) than EMS; but for the improvement of ROM, EMS was significantly better (P < 0.05) than ENS. It is concluded that ENS is more effective for immediate relief of myofascial trigger point pain than EMS, and EMS has a better effect on immediate release of muscle tightness than ENS.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an approach based on eigenvalue and eigen value sensitivity analyses to predict both minimum and maximum values of capacitance required for the self-excitation of a three-phase induction generator.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach based on eigenvalue and eigenvalue sensitivity analyses to predict both minimum and maximum values of capacitance required for the self-excitation of a three-phase induction generator. Numerous numerical methods based on steady-state equivalent circuit models have been proposed to find the minimum capacitance of self-excited induction generators by solving simultaneous nonlinear equations. Steady-state and sensitivity analyses of different capacitance values with respect to various system parameters are performed. Transient analyses of the studied induction generator under different loading conditions are also carried out. Experimental results obtained on a 1.1 kW induction machine confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
TL;DR: In this article, a fuzzy satisfaction-maximizing decision approach is presented to solve the bi-objective power dispatch problem regarding both minimum fuel cost and minimum environmental impact of NO/sub x/ emission.
Abstract: A fuzzy satisfaction-maximizing decision approach is presented to solve the bi-objective power dispatch problem regarding both minimum fuel cost and minimum environmental impact of NO/sub x/ emission. Based on the fuzzy utility functions of system operators and a fuzzy satisfaction-maximizing scheme, a set of noninferior solutions are obtained. For each noninferior solution achieved, the associated marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is then calculated to help the operators more rationally determine the weight factors of the objectives considered and hence the final best compromise solution. Numerical results of the IEEE 30-bus 6-generator test systems are presented to demonstrate the proposed fuzzy satisfaction-maximizing decision approach.
TL;DR: Identification of effective nutrition supplements may be necessary to improve lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density levels and to reduce the risk of osteoporosis among long-term female vegetarians.
Abstract: This study examined bone density among postmenopausal Buddhist nuns and female religious followers of Buddhism in southern Taiwan and related the measurements to subjects characteristics including age, body mass, physical activity, nutrient intake, and vegetarian practice. A total of 258 postmenopausal Taiwanese vegetarian women participated in the study. Lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-photon absorptimetry. BMD measurements were analyzed first as quantitative outcomes in multiple regression analyses and next as indicators of osteopenia status in logistic regression analyses. Among the independent variables examined, age inversely and body mass index positively correlated with both the spine and femoral neck BMD measurements. They were also significant predictors of the osteopenia status. Energy intake from protein was a significant correlate of lumbar spine BMD only. Other nutrients, including calcium and energy intake from nonprotein sources, did not correlate significantly with the two bone density parameters. Long-term practitioners of vegan vegetarian were found to be at a higher risk of exceeding lumbar spine fracture threshold (adjusted odds ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-5.96) and of being classified as having osteopenia of the femoral neck (3.94, 1.21-12.82). Identification of effective nutrition supplements may be necessary to improve BMD levels and to reduce the risk of osteoporosis among long-term female vegetarians.
TL;DR: The three-dimensional ultrasound-assessed thigh volume has better accuracy in predicting birth weight than the commonly used formulas by two- dimensional ultrasound, and it may improve fetal weight prediction in clinical practice, however, a large-scale prospective validation study may be needed.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the carcinogenicity of arsenic may be cell type specific, and there was also a positive association between the urbanization index and transitional cell carcinomas of the ureter in males.
Abstract: The associations between arsenic ingestion and cancers of the bladder and kidney have been documented in Taiwan. To evaluate further such associations for urinary cancers of various cell types, we conducted an ecologic study encompassing 243 townships using cancer registry data of patients diagnosed between 1980 and 1987. We used the proportions of wells with various specified arsenic levels in each township as indicators of exposure and evaluated the effects of urbanization and smoking by an urbanization index and the number of cigarettes sold per capita. In both genders, we observed associations of high arsenic levels in drinking water with transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, kidney, and ureter and all urethral cancers combined. We also observed such associations in adenocarcinomas of the bladder in males, but not in squamous cell carcinomas of the bladder or renal cell carcinomas or nephroblastomas of the kidney. There was also a positive association between the urbanization index and transitional cell carcinomas of the ureter in males. The number of cigarettes sold per capita was not a good predictor for urinary cancers. The results indicate that the carcinogenicity of arsenic may be cell type specific.
TL;DR: A postprocessor capable of converting cutter location (CL) data to machine control data for three typical five-axis machine tools to establish an interface between computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems and numerically controlled (NC) machines is presented in this article.
Abstract: This paper presents a postprocessor capable of converting cutter location (CL) data to machine control data for three typical five-axis machine tools to establish an interface between computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems and numerically controlled (NC) machines. The analytical equations for NC data are obtained using the homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix and inverse kinematics. In addition, the developed postprocessor method is implemented through a trial-cut on a five-axis machine and verified on the coordinate measurement machine. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed postprocessor method which can be used to integrate the various five-axis machine tools employed in manufacturing systems.
TL;DR: Increase of glucose utilization by paeoniflorin can thus be considered, as this glucoside reduced the elevation of blood sugar in glucose challenged rats.
Abstract: Paeoniflorin and 8-debenzoylpaeoniflorin were isolated from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Ranunculaceae). They produced a significant blood sugar lowering effect in streptozotocin-treated rats and had a maximum effect at 25 min after treatment. This hypoglycemic action was also observed in normoglycemic rats only at 1 mg/kg. The antihyperglycemic activity of 8-debenzoylpaeoniflorin seems lower than that of paeoniflorin. Plasma insulin was not changed in paeoniflorin-treated normoglycemic rats indicating an insulin-independent action. Also, this glucoside reduced the elevation of blood sugar in glucose challenged rats. Increase of glucose utilization by paeoniflorin can thus be considered. There are no previous data showing the hypoglycemic activity of paeoniflorin and/or 8-debenzoylpaeoniflorin in rats.
TL;DR: In this article, a three-scale perturbative QCD factorization theorem for non-leptonic heavy meson decays was developed, where the Bauer-Stech-Wirbel parameters were treated as the Wilson coefficients, whose evolution from the W$ boson mass down to the characteristic scale of the decay processes was determined by effective field theory.
Abstract: The nonleptonic heavy meson decays $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)}\ensuremath{\pi}(\ensuremath{\rho}), J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{(*)}$, and $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{(*)}\ensuremath{\pi}$ are studied based on the three-scale perturbative QCD factorization theorem developed recently. In this formalism the Bauer-Stech-Wirbel parameters ${a}_{1}$ and ${a}_{2}$ are treated as the Wilson coefficients, whose evolution from the $W$ boson mass down to the characteristic scale of the decay processes is determined by effective field theory. The evolution from the characteristic scale to a lower hadronic scale is formulated by the Sudakov resummation. The scale-setting ambiguity, which exists in the conventional approach to nonleptonic heavy meson decays, is removed. Nonfactorizable and nonspectator contributions are taken into account as part of the hard decay subamplitudes. Our formalism is applicable to both bottom and charm decays, and predictions, including those for the ratios $R$ and ${R}_{L}$ associated with the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{(*)}$ decays, are consistent with experimental data.
TL;DR: It is concluded that three‐dimensional ultrasound is theoretically the best method for the assessment of heart volume, however, because of the limitations of three-dimensional ultrasound two‐ dimensional ultrasound in practical terms should be the method of choice.
Abstract: Heart volume may provide important information on the status of fetal hemodynamics. However, traditionally fetal heart volume has been assessed with the erroneous assumption that the fetal heart is spherical or elliptical. With the advent of three-dimensional ultrasound, accurate assessment of organ volume has become feasible. The objectives of this study were to compare the reproducibility of two-dimensional ultrasound and three-dimensional ultrasound in the assessment of heart volume, and to test whether heart volume assessed by the traditional method of two-dimensional ultrasound equates to that assessed by three-dimensional ultrasound. If it proved to be significantly different, we aimed to find a new constant which, if incorporated into the traditional formula used to determine heart volume, would enable us to achieve more accurate volumes with two-dimensional ultrasound. In total, 50 normal singleton fetuses ranging from 20 to 30 weeks' gestation were included in the study. Both the traditional two-dimensional and the new three-dimensional volume measurements were compared. The results showed that three-dimensional ultrasound has a better reproducibility than two-dimensional ultrasound in heart volume assessment and that heart volume assessed by the traditional formula of two-dimensional ultrasound is significantly larger than that measured by three-dimensional ultrasound (p < 0.001). We therefore propose that, if the traditional two-dimensional equation is to be used, the constant for heart volume could be modified to 0.4563 (SE = 0.0153, n = 50) to achieve more accurate results. With this new constant, the heart volume derived by two-dimensional ultrasound was not found to differ from that measured by three-dimensional ultrasound. From our series, we conclude that three-dimensional ultrasound is theoretically the best method for the assessment of heart volume. However, because of the limitations of three-dimensional ultrasound (i.e. it is not routinely available, it is more expensive and more time-consuming) two-dimensional ultrasound in practical terms should be the method of choice. Although we were able to improve the accuracy of the heart volume measurements using a new constant in the traditional two-dimensional formula, the new constant will not improve variability, which can only be reduced by three-dimensional ultrasound.
TL;DR: The upper-arm volume assessed by three-dimensional ultrasonography can accurately predict birth weight, and its accuracy is superior to the previous, formulas.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed four major semi-solid deformation mechanisms: liquid/flow (LF), flow of liquid incorporating solid particles (FLS), sliding between solid particles, and plastic deformation of solid particles.
01 Jun 1997
TL;DR: Comparison between FLC and conventional proportional-derivative (PD) controllers demonstrated that the FLC with asymmetrical membership function enabled the subject with paraplegia to maintain varied desired cycling speeds, particularly at lower cycling speed.
Abstract: This study examines the design of a rational stimulation pattern for electrical stimulation and a robust closed-loop control scheme to improve cycling system efficacy for subjects with paraplegia. The stimulation patterns were designed by analyzing gravitation potential needed for the cycling movement of the lower limbs against a frictionless cycling ergometer and the response delay of electrically stimulated muscles. To simplify the cycling control system, the stimulation patterns were fixed and only the single gain of the stimulation patterns was adjusted via a feedback control algorithm. To circumvent the complexity involved with exactly modeling a stimulated muscle and cycling ergometer, a model-free fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was adopted herein for the authors' control scheme. Comparison between FLC and conventional proportional-derivative (PD) controllers demonstrated that the PLC with asymmetrical membership function enabled the subject with paraplegia to maintain varied desired cycling speeds, particularly at lower cycling speed. By incorporating the rational stimulation patterns, the FLC can produce a smooth and prolonged cycling movement deemed necessary for designing various training protocols.
TL;DR: A new approach a fuzzy interval multiobjective mixed integer programming (FIMOMIP) model is proposed for the evaluation of management strategies for solid waste management in a metropolitan region and demonstrates how uncertain messages can be quantified by specific membership functions and combined through the use of interval numbers in a multiobjectives analytical framework.
TL;DR: It is suggested that training-induced platelet functional changes in women in the midfollicular phase may be mediated by nitric oxide.
Abstract: Wang, Jong-Shyan, Chauying J. Jen, and Hsiun-Ing Chen.Effects of chronic exercise and deconditioning on platelet function in women. J. Appl. Physiol.83(6): 2080–2085, 1997.—To investigate the effec...