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Institution

National Cheng Kung University

EducationTainan City, Taiwan
About: National Cheng Kung University is a education organization based out in Tainan City, Taiwan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Thin film. The organization has 49723 authors who have published 69799 publications receiving 1437420 citations. The organization is also known as: NCKU.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, advances in lignocellulose pretreatment technologies for bio-ethanol production are reviewed and critically discussed, and the challenges faced and future research needs are addressed especially in optimization of operating parameters and assessment of total cost of biofuel production from LBS at large scale by using different pretreatment methods.
Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass has been recognized as promising feedstock for biofuels production. However, the high cost of pretreatment is one of the major challenges hindering large-scale production of biofuels from these abundant, indigenously-available, and economic feedstock. In addition to high capital and operation cost, high water consumption is also regarded as a challenge unfavorably affecting the pretreatment performance. In the present review, advances in lignocellulose pretreatment technologies for biofuels production are reviewed and critically discussed. Moreover, the challenges faced and future research needs are addressed especially in optimization of operating parameters and assessment of total cost of biofuel production from lignocellulose biomass at large scale by using different pretreatment methods. Such information would pave the way for industrial-scale lignocellulosic biofuels production. Overall, it is important to ensure that throughout lignocellulosic bioethanol production processes, favorable features such as maximal energy saving, waste recycling, wastewater recycling, recovery of materials, and biorefinery approach are considered.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that diffuse reflectance techniques with the visible and near infrared light sources can be employed to investigate the hemodynamics and optical properties of upper dermis and lower dermis.
Abstract: Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of in-vivo human skin provide critical information on non-invasive skin diagnoses for aesthetic and clinical purposes. To date, very few in-vivo skin optical properties have been reported. Previously, we reported absorption and scattering properties of in-vivo skin in the wavelength range from 650 to 1000nm using the diffusing probe in the “modified two-layer geometry”. In this study, we determine the spectra of skin optical properties continuously in the range from 500 to 1000nm. It was found that the concentration of chromophores, such as oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, and melanin, calculated based on the absorption spectra of eighteen subjects at wavelengths above and below 600nm were distinct because of the inherent difference in the interrogation region. The scattering power, which is related to the average scatterer’s size, demonstrates a clear contrast between skin phototypes, skin sites, and wavelengths. We also applied venous occlusion on forearms and found that the concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin as assessed at wavelengths above and below 600nm were different. Our results suggest that diffuse reflectance techniques with the visible and near infrared light sources can be employed to investigate the hemodynamics and optical properties of upper dermis and lower dermis.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a computation algorithm using the exponential function to increase the robustness of the dynamic state estimation is proposed, which is tested through several example power systems under different scenarios that include normal operation, bad measurements, sudden load change, and topology error conditions.
Abstract: In this paper, a computation algorithm using the exponential function to increase the robustness of the dynamic state estimation is proposed. The merit of this approach lies in its immunity to the polluted measurements, while the implementation of the method is not complicated when compared with other methods. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it was tested through several example power systems under different scenarios that include normal operation, bad measurements, sudden load change, and topology error conditions. From test results, they help support the feasibility of the method for state estimation applications.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nonsummer temperature, winter humidity, and traffic-related air pollution, especially carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, were positively associated with the prevalence of asthma in middle-school students in Taiwan.
Abstract: This study compared the prevalence of asthma with climate and air pollutant data to determine the relationship between asthma prevalence and these factors. We conducted a nationwide survey of respiratory illness and symptoms in middle-school students in Taiwan. Lifetime prevalences of physician-diagnosed asthma and of typical symptoms of asthma were compared to air monitoring station data for temperature, relative humidity, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [less than/equal to] 10 microm (PM(10)). A total of 331,686 nonsmoking children attended schools located within 2 km of 55 stations. Asthma prevalence rates adjusted for age, history of atopic eczema, and parental education were associated with nonsummer (June-August) temperature, winter (January-March) humidity, and traffic-related air pollution, especially carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, for both girls and boys. Nonsummer temperature, winter humidity, and traffic-related air pollution, especially carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, were positively associated with the prevalence of asthma in middle-school students in Taiwan.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper investigates how the composition and diversity of a firm's patent portfolio can create synergy and, thus, contribute to firm performance and highlights technology stocks as a moderator between the relationship of technology diversity and firm performance.
Abstract: This paper investigates how the composition and diversity of a firm's patent portfolio can create synergy and, thus, contribute to firm performance. To resolve two conflicting views on whether technology diversity or strategic focus can improve firm performance, we develop a scheme to measure the diversity of a patent portfolio at the two levels of broad technology diversity and core field diversity. In our framework, both views can be valid. The former argument is effective when the focal firm has very high technology stocks and profitability is used as a performance measure. The latter is true for a focal firm with above average technology stocks and where shareholder value is considered as a performance indicator. This paper highlights technology stocks as a moderator between the relationship of technology diversity and firm performance. Generally, a firm without very high-technology stocks should concentrate its R&D resources on a specific technology field, and even within the core technology field the firm should stay focus on a small number of core technologies. Results support the competence-based view of the firm. Technology-based firms should develop a portfolio with a clear technology focus. This study lays the groundwork for future study on the interrelationships of technology strategy, patent portfolio, and long-term performance.

177 citations


Authors

Showing all 49872 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Chen2174342293080
Yang Yang1642704144071
R. E. Hughes1541312110970
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis1521854113022
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
Hui Li1352982105903
Gerald M. Reaven13379980351
Chi-Huey Wong129122066349
Joseph P. Vacanti11944150739
Kai Nan An10995351638
Ding-Shinn Chen10477446068
James D. Neaton10133164719
David C. Christiani100105255399
Jo Shu Chang9963937487
Yu Shyr9854239527
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202373
2022315
20213,425
20203,154
20192,895
20182,764