Showing papers by "National Defence University, Pakistan published in 2007"
TL;DR: The all-fiber multimode SPR sensor, which has the advantages of being low cost, being disposable, having high stability and linearity, being free of labeling, and having potential for real-time detection, permit the sensor and system to be used in biochemical sensing and environmental monitoring.
Abstract: A side-polished multimode fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as the transducing element with a halogen light source is proposed. The SPR fiber sensor is side polished until half the core is closed and coated with a 37 nm gold thin film by dc sputtering. The SPR curve on the optical spectrum is described by an optical spectrum analyzer and can sense a range of widths in wavelengths of SPR effects. The measurement system using the halogen light source is constructed for several real-time detections that are carried out for the measurement of the index liquid detections for the sensitivity analysis. The sensing fiber is demonstrated with a series of refractive index (RI) liquids and set for several experiments, including the stability, repeatability, and resolution calibration. The results for the halogen light source with the resolution of the measurement based on wavelength interrogation were
3×10−6 refractive index units
(RIUs). The SPR dip shifted in wavelength is used as a measure of the RI change at a surface,
and this RI change varies directly with the number of biomolecules at the surface.
The SPR dip shift in wavelength, which was hybridized at
0.1 μM of the target DNA to the probe DNA, was
8.66 nm. The all-fiber multimode SPR sensor, which has the advantages of being low cost,
being disposable, having high stability and linearity, being free of labeling, and having potential for real-time detection, permit the sensor and system to be used in biochemical sensing and environmental monitoring.
98 citations
TL;DR: The research findings show that some specific ANNs methodologies and applications pattern can be extracted from the mining results, and these describe the ANNs development over this period.
Abstract: Based on a scope of 10,120 articles on ANNs, this paper uses data mining including association rules and cluster analysis, to survey these ANNs papers through keyword classification and clustering of articles from 1995 to 2005, exploring the ANNs methodologies and application developments during that period. The four decision variables of keywords, author’s nationality, research category, and year of publication, are implemented for data mining with total of 110,080 data items. The research findings show that some specific ANNs methodologies and applications pattern can be extracted from the mining results, and these describe the ANNs development over this period. In addition, using more data mining approaches for analysis could provide different explanations for ANNs development. Finally, discussion and brief conclusion are presented.
78 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The evidence from this research supports the observation that national cultures have an impact on aviation safety and adds further explanatory power with regards to why this should be so.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aviation accident rates vary in different regions; Asia and Africa have higher rates than Europe and America. There has been a great deal of discussion about the role of culture in aviation mishaps; however, culture is rarely mentioned as a contributory factor in accidents. It is hypothesized that different cultures will show different patterns in the underlying causal factors in aircraft accidents. METHODS: Using a meta-analysis of previously published results, this research examined statistical differences in the 18 categories of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) across accidents in the Republic of China (Taiwan), India, and the United States. RESULTS: Seven HFACS categories exhibited significant differences between these three regions. These were mostly concerned with contributory factors at the higher organizational levels. The differences were related to organizational processes, organizational climate, resource management, inadequate supervision, physical/mental limitations, adverse mental states, and decision errors. CONCLUSION: Overall, the evidence from this research supports the observation that national cultures have an impact on aviation safety and adds further explanatory power with regards to why this should be so. The majority of the cultural issues identified seem to be associated with the style of management of the organizations rather than the operation of the aircraft per se. Language: en
37 citations
TL;DR: The paper herein analyses the economic–environmental performance for regional levels in China and constructs a benchmark-learning roadmap for those inefficient regions in order to improve their efficiency progressively.
Abstract: Serious environmental problems have accompanied China's remarkable economic growth for decades, which also have direct and indirect impacts on its neighbouring countries. From the perspective of regional sustainable development, a region's macroeconomic policy should be based on its ability to maximize wealth as well as to minimize the environmental impacts for its inhabitants. On the basis of this point, the paper herein analyses the economic–environmental performance for regional levels in China. For each of China's 31 regions, the authors identify two inputs (capital and employment) and four outputs (GDP, sulphur dioxide emissions, soot and industrial dust). The regions are grouped in order to improve similarities. Suitable role models are identified. Aside from traditional technical efficiency scores, a cross-efficiency measure (CEM) is also applied to differentiate the genuine role model. Integration for CEM and cluster analysis is applied to construct a benchmark-learning roadmap for those i...
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, copolymer monoliths of diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl-acrylated were prepared by using the advantage of radiation-initiated polymerization over the thermally initiated polymerization, where it is sufficient to use only a monomer and a porogenic solvent and no initiator is needed.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the characterization of a resin material, which contains selective complexing and scintillating molecules in chemically bound form, is presented, which shows both excellent scintillation properties and ion binding capacity for radioanalytical purposes.
12 citations
01 Mar 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the optical responses of Au nanoparticle arrays dispersed within porous anodic alumina (PAA) have been investigated, where the authors showed that the nanoparticles act as a Bragg grating for wave propagation scattering into the alumina matrix.
Abstract: The optical responses of Au nanoparticle arrays dispersed within porous anodic alumina (PAA) have been investigated. The 2D Au/PAA structures were well preparing by immersing various pore sizes of PAAs into the mixing solution of HAuCl4, cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide, and NaBH4 under Au phase transfer processes. With the dispersion of Au nanoparticles in those nanopores in PAA, the intensity of photoluminescence light and cathodoluminescence light spectra largely decreases. The dissipated emission could be interpreted by the partly sealing of the light emission oxygen defect centers in PAA with the dispersion of Au nanoparticles. The major absorption comes from the interface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles surrounding with PAAs. The excited Au nanoparticles act as a Bragg grating for wave propagation scattering into the alumina matrix.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new type of resin material is presented, which contains selective complexing and scintillating molecules in a chemically bonded form, which is a macroporous polymer matrix that shows fluorescent properties and ion binding capacity excellent for radioanalytical purposes.
Abstract: In this paper, the development of a new-type of resin is presented, which contains selective complexing and scintillating molecules in a chemically bonded form. The resin material is produced via radiation polymerization of a solution of 2-(4-allyloxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl oxazole, 5-(allyloxy-phenyl)-2-[4-(5-phenyl-oxazole-2-il)-phenyl] oxazole, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGMA), styrene and the allyl derivative of a 18C6 crown ether-dicarbolic acid complexing agent. The product is a macroporous polymer matrix that shows fluorescent properties and ion binding capacity excellent for radioanalytical purposes.
5 citations
01 Nov 2007
TL;DR: The grey fuzzy optimal selection model of the Pareto solution is established, and the corresponding GA is given and the example shows that it can obtain the useful conclusion from the model.
Abstract: On the basis of the thought of system and fuzzy decision, the grey system theory is applied to solve the problem of UERR (underground engineering reinforcement and reconstruction), and index system of UERR is built. According to the strengthening of multiple targets optimization models of UERR a Pareto optimum concourse of many satisfied solution is got. The grey fuzzy optimal selection model of the Pareto solution is established, and the corresponding GA is given. The example shows that it can obtain the useful conclusion from the model.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual model is presented to describe the effects of the decapitation strategy on the regular battlefield, with extensive coverage of operational factors such as robustness of forces, time difference between combats, undermining effects, breakpoints, attrition rates, total force level and force allocation.
Abstract: Decapitation operation has existed for a long time in military history; however, it was notuntil March 2003 'decapitation attack' became a well known term in the mass media. This paperis based on the connotation of decapitation based on historical study and refines the term intomilitary strategic concept of decapitation strategy. Ideas derived from detailed studies onLanchester-type combat models are used to describe the effectiveness of conventional regularforces under decapitation warfare, which includes asymmetric, nonlinear, stand-off and specialoperation forces (SOF) operations. A conceptual model is presented to describe the effects ofthe decapitation strategy on the regular battlefield. With extensive coverage of operational factorssuch as robustness of forces, time difference between combats, undermining effects, breakpoints,attrition rates, total force level and force allocation, the model is suitable to analyse complexscenario with different types of military operations consisting of decapitation strategy. Anillustrative example is provided to demonstrate the application of the model. The conceptualmodel is built based on hypotheses, assumptions, and criteria. In the absence of historical data,no data analysis and parameter estimation are involved.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The basic principle of artificial potential field is presented and some problems of the model in theory and engineering realization are discussed, and the simulated test proves that this model is applicable for the real-time military situation analysis of higher command and control Agent.
Abstract: In the course of the war complexity study based on Agent modelling,in order to solve the independent analysis and judgments of the higher commande and control Agent for military situation in the battlefield,this paper introduces the electric potential field theory into the modelling of battlefied situation analysis,and called a artificial potentical field.The paper presents the basic principle of artificial potential field,discuss some problems of the model in theory and engineering realization.In the end,several analysis examples of the model are given.The simulated test proves that this model is applicable for the real-time military situation analysis of higher command and controll Agent.
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: The artificial societies of war system based on artificial life and agent-based modeling and simulation, and some key problems--emergence, solutions of war problems, and individual's adaptability, etc. are discussed.
Abstract: War system is a typical complex system,whose study must be guided by the complexity science,where the concept of artificial life plays an important role.In this paper,the artificial societies of war system based on artificial life and agent-based modeling and simulation,including the special public opinion,the general public opinion,the economy in a special area,and international political ecology,are reviewed and analyzed.Finally,some key problems--emergence,solutions of war problems,and individual's adaptability,etc.are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a multiobjective compromise optimization method integrating AHP with TOPSIS was proposed to evaluate the development strategies of nanotechnology for enhancing the global position of Taiwan.
Abstract: AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a popular technique often used to model subjective decision-making processes based on multiple attributes; Hwang and Yo on (1981) originally proposed TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach to solve multiple attribute decision-making problems using the concept of optimal compromise solution. Lai et al. (1994) further utilized the Euclidean distance concept to drive the TOPSIS approach for MODM problems. In this research, we introduced a multiobjective compromise optimization method integrating AHP with TOPSIS to evaluate the development strategies of nanotechnology for enhancing the global position of Taiwan. Firstly, fuzzy hierarchy analytic process was used to derive the relative weights of the considered criteria from participated evaluators, and then the synthetic value were aggregated by criteria weights with performance score which assigned by participant’s subjective judgment. This proposed method assumes that the...