National Defence University, Pakistan

About: National Defence University, Pakistan is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Decision support system & Population. The organization has 802 authors who have published 816 publications receiving 3701 citations. The organization is also known as: National Defence University of Pakistan & National Defence University Islamabad.

Potential strategies to improve antimicrobial utilisation in hospitals in Bangladesh building on experiences across developing countries

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing problem worldwide, leading to increased morbidity, mortality and costs, with the overall costs of AMR typically exceeding the costs of the different antibiotics prescribed and dispensed. AMR is particularly important in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as these countries have the highest burden of infectious diseases with growing rates of resistant organisms.

Visual reaction time and visual anticipation time between athletes and non-athletes

Abstract: An experimental investigation was conducted to explore visual reaction time and visual anticipation time between athletes and non-athletes. These visual perceptual skills form the base for cognitive processes required by the brain to respond instantaneously to a stimulus. A total of 228 adolescents, equally distributed between athletes and non-athletes, aged 13 to 16 years (mean age 14.69 ± 0.99 years) were examined. The visual reaction time and visual anticipation time were measured using a Lafayette Reaction Timer (Model 63035) and Bassin Anticipation Timer (Model 35575) respectively. The visual reaction time results revealed that athletes have faster reaction time scores as compared to non-athletes, whereas with visual anticipation time, athletes had fewer errors and a higher consistency compared to non-athletes. There was, however, no interaction between gender and sports participation noted for both these visual perceptual skills. These research findings indicate that gender was not an obstacle in sports participation, therefore not limiting the potential to excel in sports performance. Knowledge gained from these research findings will benefit the sports industry, specifically in athletic and sports training as well as provide a basis for the identification of an individual’s potential in their sports.

Determinants of industrial development: a panel analysis of South Asian economies

Abstract: A well performing industrial sector plays an important role in poverty mitigation, unemployment reduction, trade promotion, exchange of goods and services, increased per capital income and GDP growth etc. Numerous studies have investigated the institutional financial performance and their outcomes for emerging states predominantly in perspective of South Asian and African economies. Nonetheless, after global financial crisis and fall of Bretton wood system a new debate was generated to re-examine the issue after implementation of financial liberalization policies in these economies. Numerous studies conducted in this context recommended further re-examination in order to develop a sound financial and Institutional framework which could prove to be productive for the financial development but very limited studies investigated the problem in the context of industrial development. Therefore, the central theme of the current study is to investigate the industrial development relationship for a sample of South Asian Countries. The occurrence of operational, administrative, political and institutional uncertainties in the South Asian region makes it important to study the issue from a policy perspective. With this background in mind the present study aims to ascertain numerous determinants of industrial development in terms of capital account openness, trade openness, equity openness, governance, domestic credit available to the private sector, inflation and foreign direct investment (FDI) for a sample of South Asian economies i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka except Afghanistan (No data). To carry out empirical analysis, the study utilized Panel data set over the period 1996–2015 (Post liberalization period). For this purpose Industry Value Added has been used as a measure of Industrial Development; Chinn Ito Index (KAOPEN) as a measure of Capital Account Openness, ratio of the sum of imports and exports relative to GDP as measure of Trade Openness, Equity Openness has been measured by Market Capitalization to GDP Ratio, World Governance Indicator (WGI) has been used to measure Governance and Domestic Credit Available to Private Sector, FDI and Inflation have been measured in terms of percentage of GDP. The data has been majorly collected from international financial statistics, world development indicators, World Governance Indicator (WGI) and Journal of Development Economics. Furthermore, Granger’s Causality Test to identify the unidirectional and bidirectional relationship and Panel ARDL technique to determine significant predictors of industry development in SAARC economies has been applied. Findings reported Governance, Foreign direct Investment, Equity Openness and Inflation as significant contributing factor in industrial development of South Asian region economies. The study also discussed the models from policy perspective and provides recommendations for the policy makers to improve or redesign favorable policies based on findings.

Constructivism meets critical realism: Explaining Pakistan's state practice in the aftermath of 9/11

Abstract: This article investigates the theoretical added-value of critical realist incursions into International Relations constructivism. While constructivism focuses on providing multi-causal explanations, its conceptual horizon and subsequent methodological framework fundamentally obscure and limit the opportunity to conceptualize social dialectic and multi-causality in world politics. In this respect, a critical realist meta-theory can provide constructivism with a greatly expanded conceptual framework that transcends material–ideational divisions, and a framework that is able to envision more clearly the process of social dialectic. Second, critical realism affords a methodological diversity that can withstand simultaneous constructivist investigations into the material, agential, ideational, or structural. Using the synthesis of critical realism and constructivism, I illustrate by way of example by employing Pakistan’s participation in the ‘war on terror’ as a case study. While constructivism can show that P...