National Defence University, Pakistan

About: National Defence University, Pakistan is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Decision support system. The organization has 802 authors who have published 816 publications receiving 3701 citations. The organization is also known as: National Defence University of Pakistan & National Defence University Islamabad.

Utilisation and expenditure on long-acting insulin analogues among selected middle-income countries with high patient co-payment levels : findings and implications for the future

Abstract: The number of patients with diabetes and associated complications is rising across countries including patients requiring insulin to control their diabetes. Hypoglycaemia combined generally with poor control adds to the burden of diabetes. Long-acting insulin analogues were developed to reduce hypoglycaemia, including nocturnal hypoglycaemia, and enhance adherence, which can be a problem. These benefits have resulted in increased use among high and high-middle income countries, which is continuing. However, concerns in middle and lower-income countries as insulin analogues are considerably more expensive than standard insulins. Biosimilars can reduce their costs. Consequently, important to ascertain current usage and prices of analogues across middle-income countries with high patient co-payment levels to provide future direction. Overall, limited use of insulin glargine in Kenya up to 3.6% of total insulins in one leasing hospital with prices up to 3.4 fold higher than standard insulins. Overall, limited use of insulin glargine among hospitals in Northern Nigeria and in pharmacies again due to high prices. Appreciably higher use of long-acting insulin analogues in Bangladesh enhanced by low cost biosimilars with increasing competition. Increased competition enhanced by local production can lower biosimilar costs enhancing future use of insulin glargine to the benefit of all diabetes patients requiring insulin.

Research on the Classification of the Operational Test

Abstract: The operational test, along with the evaluation based on it, is the most important decisionmaking basis for the Department of Defense in acquiring weapons and equipment. However, there has always been a wide range of indicators needed to be test, which makes the planning, implementation and data processing of operational tests very complicated. In order to alleviate this problem, this paper studies the statistical meanings of various operational tests, analyses their relationships, and unifies them under the framework of linear modelling.

Development of the method of structural-parametric synthesis of the subsystem of interference of special purpose radio communication systems

Abstract: The object of research is the military radio communication system. One of the most problematic areas in the management of military radio resources is the interference of military radio systems and facilities. A number of works have been devoted to the research of ways to increase the noise immunity of military radio communication systems and facilities. However, the known works contain some results of research by scientists aimed at increasing the noise immunity of military radio systems and facilities and do not have a comprehensive approach. In this article, the problem of developing a method of structural-parametric synthesis of the noise protection subsystem of special purpose radio communication systems is solved. The scientific problem is solved by formalizing the problem of structural-parametric synthesis of the noise protection subsystem of military radio communication systems, starting with its mathematical description and synthesis of the quantitative and qualitative structure of the noise protection subsystem. In the course of the research, the authors used the main provisions of the queuing theory, the theory of automation, the theory of complex technical systems and general scientific methods of cognition, namely analysis and synthesis. The novelty of this technique is the synthesis of the structure of the military radio system and the parameters of the radio system in the context of electronic conflict. This technique is multi-criteria, in which the parameters are different in importance. The basis of this technique is the principle of nonlinear scheme of A. Voronin compromises. This technique allows to: – to synthesize the structure of the radio communication system in the conditions of electronic conflict; – to determine the optimal number of radio communication devices to ensure management tasks in the conditions of electronic conflict; – to substantiate a set of mechanisms to increase the noise immunity of the noise protection subsystem in the conditions of electronic conflict. The results of the research should be used at the stage of planning and operational management of the structure and parameters of military radio communication systems.

A New Framework of Smart System For Inventory Management, Stock Item Locator And Navigation

Abstract: The present paper discloses a patent framework of iNavig (Smart System for Inventory Management, Stock Item Locator and Navigation) for locating stock items stored in a building and navigating to the stock items on shelves. The enhanced system comprises a plurality of weight sensors for detecting a weight of the stock items placed on a storing platform, a video camera assembly to provide a real-time video data of the stock items and a visual appearance of the stock items. A service processing module for receiving a service request from a user via a portable computing device to procure one of the stock items is also presented. A plurality of anchor nodes comprising node microcontrollers (NodeMCU) is deployed in a vicinity of the stock items on the storing platform at a predefined set of locations. For smart navigation features, the system is equipped with an AR navigation map using a camera assembly of the portable computing device itself. Moreover, a stock item indicator utilizing fog computing decentralized system which implements machine learning and intelligent of things will be provided in terms of visual and/or audio notification to the user upon arrival at the said one of the stock items location.

Environment and Security in Hungary

Abstract: Analysis is given to identify the links between environmental change and security in Hungary’s different policy sectors, such as defense and security policy, regional and national environmental policy and foreign policy in Hungary It is found that current discussions on the ‘environment and security’ debate, unlike in other Western European or North American countries, is not on the policy agenda as of yet in the case of Hungary There is — instead — a gradual learning about the possible impact of environmental changes on security, both in the academic and the political sector