National Defence University, Pakistan

About: National Defence University, Pakistan is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Decision support system & Population. The organization has 802 authors who have published 816 publications receiving 3701 citations. The organization is also known as: National Defence University of Pakistan & National Defence University Islamabad.

The Protection of Pakistan Ordinance: Limitations and Prospects

Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to examine the prospects and limitations of the Protection of Pakistan Ordinance (PPO), besides analyzing the existing legal framework and laws in Pakistan to deal with terrorism and similar phenomenon. Pakistan needed a law, which could protect citizens from terrorism and also safeguard and guarantee their fundamental and constitutional freedom. An attempt is made to understand the need, practicality, misuse and effectiveness of the PPO. The social dynamics and socio-political environment of the country, is imperative to understand the prevailing legal system in the country. The dilemma Pakistan is facing comprises complex, multifarious and deep-rooted problems and miscalculations. Unfortunately, the previous legal framework related to terrorism was subjected to politicization and over the years did not prove to be much effective. The paper briefly analyzes the historical background of legal framework and the existing legal framework to deal with similar threats, challenges and shortcomings it faces. It also gives a comparative analysis of similar laws implemented in India and USA. The PPO is way less harsher than both the PATRIOT Act and Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA), which violate basic human and constitutional rights and the abuses still persist after years of enactment of both the laws.

Perbandingan Anggaran Parameter Terhadap Model Kecemerlangan Prestasi Institut Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) Bersandarkan Nilai Teras: Pendekatan Penganggaran Kebolehjadian Maksimum (ML) dan Kuasa Dua Terkecil Separa (PLS)

Abstract: Pemodelan persamaan struktur (SEM) merupakan analisis statistik multivariat yang mengkaji hubungan antara konstruk mengikut teori atau kajian terdahulu melalui model hipotesis yang dibina. Kebiasaannya, kaedah penganggaran yang digunakan dalam analisis pemodelan ini adalah penganggaran kebolehjadian maksimum (ML). Kaedah penganggaran tersebut memerlukan taburan data yang bersifat kenormalan multivariat di samping memenuhi bilangan sampel yang tertentu. Oleh itu, penganggaran kuasa dua terkecil separa (PLS) amat berperanan dalam mengatasi dua kekangan berkenaan dan isu multikolineariti. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis perbandingan keputusan pemodelan terhadap anggaran parameter dalam Model Kecemerlangan Prestasi Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) bersandarkan nilai teras bagi mendapatkan model akhir yang mematuhi kedua-dua teknik penganggaran ML dan PLS berkenaan. Model akhir merupakan model kecemerlangan yang disemak semula berdasarkan tahap kesignifikanan secara statistik dan penting secara praktikal bagi semua pekali lintasan dalam model. Kesimpulannya, kedua-dua teknik penganggaran yang digunakan saling melengkapi antara satu sama lain dan memberikan nilai tambah kepada model hipotesis yang diuji.

Theory and Practice of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: The Case Study of Balochistan

Abstract: Insurgency is a violent political struggle borne out of grievances in a local community. The phenomenon of insurgency is old and the ways of tackling insurgencies have always been studied with interest. Pakistan has faced sporadic insurgencies in its Balochistan province. This study applies conceptual framework propounded by Scott Moore to Balochistan insurgency and analyzes the complex combination of Actions triggered by varied Beliefs and Structures of the Baloch society. In order to employ effective countermeasures to insurgency, an integrated approach needs to be worked out that seeks to create positive changes in the intertwined dimensions of Actions, Beliefs and Structures. The study finds that such an approach to handle insurgency in Balochistan has generally been successful. And the Baloch society has largely been mainstreamed in the national society and the state of Pakistan.

Economic Impact of Resource Optimisation in Cloud Environment Using Different Virtual Machine Allocation Policies

Abstract: Exceptional level of research work has been carried in the field of cloud and distributed systems for understanding their performance and reliability. Simulators are becoming popular for designing and testing different types of quality of service (QoS) matrices e.g. energy, virtualisation, and networking. A large amount of resource is wasted when servers are sitting idle which puts a negative impact on the financial aspects of companies. A popular approach used to overcome this problem is turning them ON/OFF. However, it takes time when they are turned ON affecting different matrices of QoS like energy consumption, latency, consumption and cost. In this paper, we present different energy models and their comparison with each other based on workloads for efficient server management. We introduce a different type of energy saving techniques (DVFs, IQRMC) which help toward an improvement in service. Different energy models are used with the same configuration and possible solutions are proposed for big data centres that are placed globally by large companies like Amazon, Giaki, Onlive, and Google.

Effects of bosonic and fermionic $q$-deformation on the entropic gravity

Abstract: In this paper, we study thermodynamical contributions to the theory of gravity under the $q$-deformed boson and fermion gas models. According to the Verlinde's proposal, the law of gravity is not based on a fundamental interaction but it emerges as an entropic force from the changes of entropy associated with the information on the holographic screen. In addition, Strominger shows that the extremal quantum black holes obey neither boson nor fermion statistics, but they obey deformed statistic. Using these notions, we find $q$-deformed entropy and temperature functions. We also present the contributions that come from the $q$-deformed model to the Poisson equation, Newton's law of gravity and Einstein's field equations.