National Defence University, Pakistan

About: National Defence University, Pakistan is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Decision support system. The organization has 802 authors who have published 816 publications receiving 3701 citations. The organization is also known as: National Defence University of Pakistan & National Defence University Islamabad.

Clear-water scour at long skewed bridge piers

Abstract: The results of an experimental study on clear-water scour at long skewed rectangular piers under steady flows at threshold velocity are presented. The scour mechanisms due to skewness effects with a wide range of angle of attack, α, and two sizes of uniform cohesionless bed sediment (d50 = 0.23 and d50 = 0.80 mm) have been investigated in a 50-m-long, 1.5-m-wide, and 2.0-m-deep flume. Empirical relation to demonstrate the effects of skewness in terms of dimensionless variables, such as aspect ratio (L/b), the angle of attack (α), flow shallowness (y/Bα), sediment coarseness (Bα/d50), the sediment gradation coefficient (σg), on scour depth is presented. The empirical relation is focused on predicting the angle of attack factor, Kα. The experimental data obtained in this study and data available from the literature were used to validate the predictions of existing methods and the accuracy of the proposed method. The proposed method gives reasonable scour depth predictions and was verified with stati...

Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Based Automatic Determination of Travel Preferences of Chinese Tourists

Abstract: Background and Objective: Tourism and travel sector continues to grow by gaining an important place in the world economy and many countries want to increase their share in this sector. At the same time, it is known that today's consumer tourism and travel purchase decisions are influenced by social media. By examining the data of consumers on social media, it is possible for businesses to reach the right person and get more efficiency from high-cost promotion activities. The study aims to analyze the historical data of users on TripAdvisor with artificial intelligence methods to reveal a profile of consumers who might prefer Turkey. Methods: In this context, TripAdvisor, which is one of the best-known websites in the tourism sector, is an important source of data for countries to increase their share in the tourism market. Inferences can be made by using artificial intelligence methods and the data in TripAdvisor together. In this study, as a case study, the potentials of Chinese tourists to prefer Turkey are dealt because Turkey has increased its tourism targets ten folds for China and the year 2018 was declared as “Turkey Tourism Year” in China. In this context, this study aims to determine the potentials of Chinese tourists to prefer Turkey, by processing travel data histories obtained from TripAdvisor with artificial intelligence methods. It is expected that the study will contribute to the tourism sector as well as the academic literature. The study used the travel data history of Chinese tourists taken from TripAdvisor. Significant travel histories were selected by the F-score method. Depending on the selected and all travel histories of users, their travel preferences (Turkey/France) were classified by artificial intelligence algorithms. The developed model was tested with performance criteria. Results: At the end of the study, it was ensured that the Chinese, who would prefer Turkey, were determined with an accuracy rate of 75.25% and sensitivity rate of 0.76. Conclusions: It was observed that it is possible to find the tourists who will prefer Turkey by using the developed system. In other words, the study revealed that the countries can reach the individual instead of masses in their promotional activities.

The North Caucasus: from mass mobilization to international terrorism

Abstract: Insurgencies have proven to be highly adaptive movements that exploit their environments and change and mutate in order to survive States and international actors have long grappled with ways to t

Fuzzy distance using fuzzy absolute value

Abstract: We consider the absolute value of trapezoidal fuzzy number through graded mean integration representation, and graded mean integration ranking of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Then, we use this absolute value of the difference of two triangle fuzzy numbers to calculate the fuzzy distance between these two triangle fuzzy numbers. We also discuss the fuzzy distance of the linguistic data “about x”,. The result shows that it is reasonable to say that “the fuzzy distance of about5 and about 8 is about 3”.

Sectarian Rise in Pakistan: Role of Saudi Arabia and Iran

Abstract: At this juncture of history, Pakistan has become more prone to internal threats than external. But these internal threats are grown so due to external factors. Every segment of its society is directly or indirectly muddling Islam for conceited interests. The religion Islam which means peace, brotherhood and harmony is no more truly in practice due to the irrational wrongdoings of its followers. The religion that teaches unity is torn up by its believers according to their own versions of definitions and connotations. Result is sectarianism, unrest, chaos, anarchy, pessimism, superstitious thinking, grave illiteracy and immense poverty. Iran and Saudi Arabia have been continuously fueling this rise up. A strong nexus has been developed between these countries and hardliners in Pakistan. The ideological and geo-strategic tussles of the said countries have directly affected this country. Likeminded groups have joined each other for common objectives. The ongoing political, economic and social circumstances of the country have added fuel to this fire. Russian invasion of the Afghanistan and Iranian revolution both in 1979 assisted the militants to grow and abuse. The incident of 9/11 proved another horrendous act in this regard. Right now, the sectarian differences have mounted cities as well as the far flung villages distancing the people by breaking their social bondage and synchronization. Having other factors behind this saddest situation, there is unfortunate role of Iran and Saudi Arabia in pumping this gulf. The aim of this study is to deeply look into the normally unsighted and unquoted role of these both countries. This research has unearthed some of their bitter roles and realities on the grounds of writings of famous and world recognized writers, journals, reports and organizations. Applying different methods of conflict resolution some of the practicable and result oriented recommendations have also been made to get rid of this nuisance.