National Defence University, Pakistan

About: National Defence University, Pakistan is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Decision support system. The organization has 802 authors who have published 816 publications receiving 3701 citations. The organization is also known as: National Defence University of Pakistan & National Defence University Islamabad.

Two-loop calculation of anomalous kinetics of the reaction A + A → Ø in randomly stirred fluid

Abstract: The single-species annihilation reaction A + A → O is studied in the presence of a random velocity field generated by the stochastic Navier-Stokes equation. The renormalization group is used to analyze the combined influence of the density and velocity fluctuations on the long-time behavior of the system. The direct effect of velocity fluctuations on the reaction constant appears only from the two-loop order, therefore, all stable fixed points of the renormalization group and their regions of stability are calculated in the two-loop approximation in the two-parameter (e, Δ) expansion. A renormalized integro-differential equation for the number density is put forward which takes into account the effect of density and velocity fluctuations at next-to-leading order. Solution of this equation in perturbation theory is calculated in a homogeneous system.

Historical Roots of the Deobandi Version of Jihadism and Its Implications for Violence in Today’s Pakistan

Abstract: In “Historical Roots of the Deobandi Version of Jihadism and Its Implications for Violence in Today’s Pakistan”, Arshi Saleem Hashmi argues that the Deobandi movement seems to have multiple objectives. The Deobandi ulema (clerics) moved closer to politics and created the JUH in 1919. However, even before that, in 1914, Maulana Mahmudul Hassan, chancellor at Darul Uloom Deoband, conceived a movement for the liberation of India by which armed units would be deputed to organize the Pakhtuns of the tribal areas and rally support in Afghanistan to provide a convenient point for the Turkish army to open up a new front against the British. The movement was rooted in the politics of pan-Islamism, but its founders highlighted the differences in their militaristic outlook and criticized the politics of the non-violent movement, which dominated the nationalist Indian arena at that time. Hashmi notes that one of the important and dominant pillars of the Deobandi school of thought is a sacred right and obligation to go to any lengths to wage jihad so as to protect Muslims anywhere in the world. She argues that after the creation of Pakistan, religiously motivated violent Deobandi groups openly declared and claimed militancy, and they established a reign of terror in the country against various sects within Islam and people of other faiths.

Russia’s Hybrid War in Theory and Practice

Abstract: Abstract The warfare is evolving and it is confirmed by last conflicts in which Russia was involved. They were asymmetric in nature and their objectives, developments, consequences in broader sense and end states have been a matter of research by many scholars. The nature of those conflicts is causing concerns and a question if there were randomly run or just perfectly synchronized operations? If so, should a hybrid war be considered a way of strategy and its objectives seen through the prism of the Russia’s interests? The answer to this question can be obtained after the evaluation of the theory and practice employed by the Russian Federation in the concept of hybrid war. This is the purpose of this article. The results of the research are presented by solving the following problem: What does the concept of the new generation warfare mean?

Vector Space Representations of Documents in Classifying Finnish Social Media Texts

Abstract: Computational analysis of linguistic data requires that texts are transformed into numeric representations. The aim of this research is to evaluate different methods for building vector representations of text documents from social media. The methods are compared in respect to their performance in a classification task. Namely, traditional count-based term frequency-inverse document frequency (TFIDF) is compared to the semantic distributed word embedding representations. Unlike previous research, we investigate document representations in the context of morphologically rich Finnish. Based on the results, we suggest a framework for building vector space representations of texts in social media, applicable to language technologies for morphologically rich languages. In the current study, lemmatization of tokens increased classification accuracy, while lexical filtering generally hindered performance. Finally, we report that distributed embeddings and TFIDF perform at comparable levels with our data.