National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

About: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology is a government organization based out in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Thin film. The organization has 22114 authors who have published 65856 publications receiving 1669827 citations. The organization is also known as: Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kenkyū-sho.

Immobilizing Metal Nanoparticles to Metal–Organic Frameworks with Size and Location Control for Optimizing Catalytic Performance

Abstract: AuNi alloy nanoparticles were successfully immobilized to MIL-101 with size and location control for the first time by double solvents method (DSM) combined with a liquid-phase concentration-controlled reduction strategy. When an overwhelming reduction approach was employed, the uniform 3D distribution of the ultrafine AuNi nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in the pores of MIL-101 was achieved, as demonstrated by TEM and electron tomographic measurements, which brings light to new opportunities in the fabrication of ultrafine non-noble metal-based NPs throughout the interior pores of MOFs. The ultrafine AuNi alloy NPs inside the mesoporous MIL-101 exerted exceedingly high activity for hydrogen generation from the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane.

Fore-arc basalts and subduction initiation in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana system

Abstract: Recent diving with the JAMSTEC Shinkai 6500 manned submersible in the Mariana fore arc southeast of Guam has discovered that MORB-like tholeiitic basalts crop out over large areas These ''fore-arc basalts'' (FAB) underlie boninites and overlie diabasic and gabbroic rocks Potential origins include eruption at a spreading center before subduction began or eruption during near-trench spreading after subduction began FAB trace element patterns are similar to those of MORB and most Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) back-arc lavas However, Ti/V and Yb/V ratios are lower in FAB reflecting a stronger prior depletion of their mantle source compared to the source of basalts from mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins Some FAB also have higher concentrations of fluid-soluble elements than do spreading center lavas Thus, the most likely origin of FAB is that they were the first lavas to erupt when the Pacific Plate began sinking beneath the Philippine Plate at about 51 Ma The magmas were generated by mantle decompression during near-trench spreading with little or no mass transfer from the subducting plate Boninites were generated later when the residual, highly depleted mantle melted at shallow levels after fluxing by a water-rich fluid derived from the sinking Pacific Plate This magmatic stratigraphy of FAB overlain by transitional lavas and boninites is similar to that found in many ophiolites, suggesting that ophiolitic assemblages might commonly originate from near-trench volcanism caused by subduction initiation Indeed, the widely dispersed Jurassic and Cretaceous Tethyan ophiolites could represent two such significant subduction initiation events

Above-room-temperature ferroelectricity in a single-component molecular crystal

Abstract: Ferroelectrics are electro-active materials that can store and switch their polarity (ferroelectricity), sense temperature changes (pyroelectricity), interchange electric and mechanical functions (piezoelectricity), and manipulate light (through optical nonlinearities and the electro-optic effect): all of these functions have practical applications. Topological switching of pi-conjugation in organic molecules, such as the keto-enol transformation, has long been anticipated as a means of realizing these phenomena in molecular assemblies and crystals. Croconic acid, an ingredient of black dyes, was recently found to have a hydrogen-bonded polar structure in a crystalline state. Here we demonstrate that application of an electric field can coherently align the molecular polarities in crystalline croconic acid, as indicated by an increase of optical second harmonic generation, and produce a well-defined polarization hysteresis at room temperature. To make this simple pentagonal molecule ferroelectric, we switched the pi-bond topology using synchronized proton transfer instead of rigid-body rotation. Of the organic ferroelectrics, this molecular crystal exhibits the highest spontaneous polarization ( approximately 20 muC cm(-2)) in spite of its small molecular size, which is in accord with first-principles electronic-structure calculations. Such high polarization, which persists up to 400 K, may find application in active capacitor and nonlinear optics elements in future organic electronics.

Synthesis of micro/nanoscaled metal-organic frameworks and their direct electrochemical applications.

Abstract: As a new class of crystalline porous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received great attention owing to their unique advantages of ultrahigh surface area, large pore volume and versatile applications. Developing different strategies to control the morphology and size of MOFs is very important for their practical applications. Recently, micro/nanosized MOFs have been regarded as promising candidates for electrode materials with excellent performances, which not only bridge the gap between fundamental MOF science and forward-looking applications, but also provide an opportunity to make clear the relationship between morphologies and properties. This review focuses on the design and fabrication of one-, two- and three-dimensional MOFs at micro/nanoscale, and their direct applications in batteries, supercapacitors and electrocatalysis. A discussion on challenges and future prospects of the synthesis and electrochemical applications of micro/nanoscaled MOF materials is presented.