National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

About: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology is a government organization based out in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Thin film. The organization has 22114 authors who have published 65856 publications receiving 1669827 citations. The organization is also known as: Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kenkyū-sho.

Magnetic Reversal of the Ferroelectric Polarization in a Multiferroic Spinel Oxide

Abstract: Ferroelectric transition has been detected in a ferrimagnetic spinel oxide of CoCr2O4 upon the transition to the conical spin order below 25 K. The direction [110] of the spontaneous polarization is normal to both the magnetization easy axis [001] and to the propagation axis [110] of the transverse spiral component, in accord with the prediction based on the spin-current model. The reversal of the spontaneous magnetization by a small magnetic field (approximately 0.1 T) induces the reversal of the spontaneous polarization, indicating the clamping of the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric domain walls.

Morphodynamics of deltas under the influence of humans

Abstract: A consistent database was established to characterize key environmental factors known to control delta morphology. The database includes the location, basin morphology, fluvial and sediment discharge to the deltas, delta morphology, ocean energy, and shelf depth reached by the sub-aqueous delta. Fifty-one deltas were selected to cover the global parameter range of rivers entering all major oceans and coastal seas. Seasonal satellite images of the deltas were processed (IKONOS, SPOT, LANDSAT, and MODIS). Predictive statistical relationships were obtained, suitable for hypothesis testing or to constrain/verify numerical models used to simulate the evolution of coastal systems. The area of a delta is best predicted from average discharge, the total sediment load feeding the delta, and the offshore accommodation space. The gradient of a delta plain, measured from the apex of the delta to the coast along the main channel, is best predicted with a ratio of sediment supply to sediment retention, sediment concentration used as a proxy of delta plain sedimentation, and mean water discharge. Widths of distributary channels form a lognormal distribution, with the cumulative width of the river mouths directly related to the maximum discharge, tidal and wave energy. The grain size of topset deposits scales with the river length. Hundreds of millions of people occupy deltas and human engineering is now a major influence on the growth and evolution of many deltas, through control of the flow path of distributary channels, and mitigation of the seasonal flood wave with concomitant change in the delivery of sediment load. More and more deltas are moving away from their pre-Anthropocene morphology, as influenced by pristine sediment supply and sediment dispersal.

Extracting the full potential of single-walled carbon nanotubes as durable supercapacitor electrodes operable at 4 V with high power and energy density.

Abstract: Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage systems that store energy directly and physically as charge, whereas batteries, for example Li-ion cells, store energy in chemical reactants capable of generating charge. [ 1 ] Accordingly, the energy density of supercapacitors ( < 10 Wh kg − 1 ) is lower than batteries ( > 100 Wh kg − 1 ). However, their power is signifi cantly higher and their lifetime longer. As such, supercapacitors are expected to play a crucial role where superior power performance is required. The importance of supercapacitors is highlighted by a report from the US Department of Energy assigning equal importance to batteries and supercapacitors. [ 2 ] Examples of envisioned largescale applications of supercapacitors are load-leveling in solar, wind, and other energy sources and energy recovery from regenerative braking in automobiles. [ 2 , 3 ] To emerge as an important energy storage technology in the future, advanced supercapacitors must be developed with higher operating voltage and higher energy and power delivery, while maintaining high cyclability. Hitherto, activated carbon (AC) has been the electrode material of choice due to its high surface area (1000–2000 m 2

High throughput fabrication of transition-metal-doped epitaxial ZnO thin films: A series of oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductors and their properties

Abstract: Combinatorial laser molecular-beam epitaxy method was employed to fabricate epitaxial ZnO thin films doped with all the 3d transition metal (TM) ions in a high throughput fashion The solubility behavior of TM ions was discussed from the viewpoints of the ionic radius and valence state The magneto-optical responses coincident with absorption spectra were observed for Mn- and Co-doped samples Cathodoluminescence spectra were studied for Cr-, Mn-, Fe-, and Co-doped samples, among which Cr-doped ZnO showed two sharp peaks at 297 eV and 371 eV, respectively, at the expense of the exciton emission peak of pure ZnO at 325 eV Different magnetoresistance behavior was observed for the samples codoped with n-type carriers Ferromagnetism was not observed for Cr- to Cu-doped samples down to 3 K

Parallelization of MAFFT for large-scale multiple sequence alignments.

Abstract: Summary We report an update for the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program to enable parallel calculation of large numbers of sequences. The G-INS-1 option of MAFFT was recently reported to have higher accuracy than other methods for large data, but this method has been impractical for most large-scale analyses, due to the requirement of large computational resources. We introduce a scalable variant, G-large-INS-1, which has equivalent accuracy to G-INS-1 and is applicable to 50 000 or more sequences. Availability and implementation This feature is available in MAFFT versions 7.355 or later at https://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/software/mpi.html. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.