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Showing papers by "National Ocean Service published in 2013"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: D. acuminata cell abundances were significantly correlated with levels of total phytoplankton biomass and Mesodinium spp.

58 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration (OR&R) provides scientific support for oil and chemical spills as mentioned in this paper, during the unprecedented Deepwater Horizon oil spill response in the Gulf of Mexico, the Emergency Response Division provided daily 72 h tactical forecasts for movement of the surface oil.
Abstract: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration (OR&R) provides scientific support for oil and chemical spills. During the unprecedented Deepwater Horizon oil spill response in the Gulf of Mexico, the Emergency Response Division (OR&R/Emergency Response Division) provided daily 72 h tactical forecasts for movement of the surface oil. Surface oil distribution was initialized daily from analysis of satellite imagery and incorporation of visual overflight observations. Computation of oil trajectories utilized currents from a number of hydrodynamic models allowing an ensemble forecasting approach. Results from the suite of trajectories were combined to produce a final forecast product for distribution to the Incident Command Posts. These forecasts were utilized during the Deepwater Horizon response for planning, allocation of resources, and direction of response assets.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The MAREDAT pigment database provides high quality measurements of the major taxonomic pigments including chlorophylls a and b and may be used in varying combinations to estimate phytoplankton community composition, which is expected to be of use in the marine ecology, remote sensing and ecological modeling communities.
Abstract: . A global pigment database consisting of 35 634 pigment suites measured by high performance liquid chromatography was assembled in support of the MARine Ecosytem DATa (MAREDAT) initiative. These data originate from 136 field surveys within the global ocean, were solicited from investigators and databases, compiled, and then quality controlled. Nearly one quarter of the data originates from the Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), with an additional 17% and 19% stemming from the US JGOFS and LTER programs, respectively. The MAREDAT pigment database provides high quality measurements of the major taxonomic pigments including chlorophylls a and b, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, alloxanthin, divinyl chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, lutein, peridinin, prasinoxanthin, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin, which may be used in varying combinations to estimate phytoplankton community composition. Quality control measures consisted of flagging samples that had a total chlorophyll a concentration of zero, had fewer than four reported accessory pigments, or exceeded two standard deviations of the log-linear regression of total chlorophyll a with total accessory pigment concentrations. We anticipate the MAREDAT pigment database to be of use in the marine ecology, remote sensing and ecological modeling communities, where it will support model validation and advance our global perspective on marine biodiversity. The original dataset together with quality control flags as well as the gridded MAREDAT pigment data may be downloaded from PANGAEA: http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.793246 .

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Serial blood and fecal samples taken from several live seabirds during rehabilitation showed that brevetoxin was cleared within 5–10 days after being admitted to the rehabilitation facility, depending on the species tested.
Abstract: Harmful algal bloom events caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis occurred along the central west Florida, USA, coast from February 2005 through December 2005 and from August 2006 through December 2006. During these events, from 4 February 2005 through 28 November 2006, live, debilitated seabirds admitted for rehabilitation showed clinical signs that included disorientation, inability to stand, ataxia, and seizures. Testing of blood, biologic fluids, and tissues for brevetoxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay found toxin present in 69% (n=95) of rehabilitating seabirds. Twelve of the 19 species of birds had evidence of brevetoxin exposure. Commonly affected species included Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias), and Common Loons (Gavia immer). Serial blood and fecal samples taken from several live seabirds during rehabilitation showed that brevetoxin was cleared within 5–10 days after being admitted to the re...

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cells of all HAB species were found to pass intact through the ascidian digestive system, remained viable, and in many cases were capable of re-establishing populations at least 48 h post-ingestion.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results demonstrated that three species in this region produce DA, and that particulate toxin levels were highest during the spring bloom, while cellular concentrations were highest in the winter/early spring when P. multiseries was most abundant, indicating that eastern oysters present in estuarine waters may be more exposed to this toxin when Pseudo-nitzschia cells are part of a mixed assemblage, reducing selective grazing by these bivalves.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Mar 2013-Toxicon
TL;DR: The toxicokinetic parameters determined from this study were compared to data previously obtained after oral and intraperitoneal exposure of rats to 0.26 ng P-CTX-1 per g of body weight.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For the first time in United States coastal waters, biliary environmental concentrations of these compounds in male English sole collected from Puget Sound, a region of increasing urbanization are presented.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Insight is provided into the structural basis for the progression of domoic acid epileptic disease and relates to the California sea lion, where poisoned animals progress to a disease characterized by SRS and aggressive behaviors.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings indicate that damage to olfactory pathways is prominent in a rat model for domoic acid–induced chronic recurrent spontaneous seizures and aggressive behavior.
Abstract: The amnesic shellfish toxin, domoic acid, interferes with glutamatergic pathways leading to neuronal damage, most notably causing memory loss and seizures. In this study, the authors utilized a recently developed rat model for domoic acid–induced epilepsy, an emerging disease appearing in California sea lions weeks to months after poisoning, to identify structural damage that may lead to a permanent epileptic state. Sprague Dawley rats were kindled with several low hourly intraperitoneal doses of domoic acid until a state of status epilepticus (SE) appears. This kindling approach has previously been shown to induce a permanent state of epileptic disease in 96% animals within 6 months. Three animals were selected for neurohistology a week after the initial SE. An amino cupric silver staining method using neutral red counterstain was used on every eighth 40 mm coronal section from each brain to highlight neural degeneration from the olfactory bulb through the brain stem. The most extensive damage was found in the olfactory bulb and related olfactory pathways, including the anterior/medial olfactory cortices, endopiriform nucleus, and entorhinal cortex. These findings indicate that damage to olfactory pathways is prominent in a rat model for domoic acid–induced chronic recurrent spontaneous seizures and aggressive behavior.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A strong correlation found between T-cell proliferation andDNA strand breaks in dolphin lymphocytes suggests that dolphins with a high numbers of DNA strand breaks have a decreased ability to respond to infection.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Blue marlin stock status varies among ocean basins, and the Atlantic-wide stock is overfished, so more power is needed to assign marketed blue marlin products to ocean of origin.
Abstract: Blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) stock status varies among ocean basins, and the Atlantic-wide stock is overfished. United States regulations prohibit commercial landing, importation and sale of Atlantic blue marlin, but not of Pacific or Indian Ocean conspecifics. We genotyped 344 blue marlin of known origin and 16 samples used as unknowns at 13 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial control region. Assignment tests were conducted using GENECLASS2 to investigate the efficacy of available genotypic data to identify individual origin. We successfully discriminated Atlantic and Pacific blue marlin using genetic characters, providing more power to assign marketed blue marlin products to ocean of origin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This approach can rapidly generate highly accurate models of biological responses to complex interactions among environmentally relevant toxins, identify critical subspaces where nonlinear responses exist, and provide an expedient means of designing traditional experiments to test the impact of complex mixtures on biological responses.
Abstract: A major impediment to understanding the impact of environmental stress, including toxins and other pollutants, on organisms, is that organisms are rarely challenged by one or a few stressors in natural systems. Thus, linking laboratory experiments that are limited by practical considerations to a few stressors and a few levels of these stressors to real world conditions is constrained. In addition, while the existence of complex interactions among stressors can be identified by current statistical methods, these methods do not provide a means to construct mathematical models of these interactions. In this paper, we offer a two-step process by which complex interactions of stressors on biological systems can be modeled in an experimental design that is within the limits of practicality. We begin with the notion that environment conditions circumscribe an n-dimensional hyperspace within which biological processes or end points are embedded. We then randomly sample this hyperspace to establish experimental conditions that span the range of the relevant parameters and conduct the experiment(s) based upon these selected conditions. Models of the complex interactions of the parameters are then extracted using machine learning tools, specifically artificial neural networks. This approach can rapidly generate highly accurate models of biological responses to complex interactions among environmentally relevant toxins, identify critical subspaces where nonlinear responses exist, and provide an expedient means of designing traditional experiments to test the impact of complex mixtures on biological responses. Further, this can be accomplished with an astonishingly small sample size.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vivo experiments showed that mysids were significantly more sensitive to chlorpyrifos-induced AChE inhibition after 24 h of exposure, suggesting that differences in the response of these two crustaceans are likely related to differences in uptake and metabolism rather than target site sensitivity.
Abstract: This study assessed the in vitro and in vivo effects of an acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitor (chlorpyrifos) in two estuarine crustaceans: grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and mysid (Americamysis bahia). The differences in response were quantified after lethal and sublethal exposures to chlorpyrifos and in vitro assays with chlorpyrifos-oxon. Results from the in vitro experiments indicated that the target enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in the two species was similar in sensitivity to chlorpyrifos inhibition with IC50s of 0.98 nM and 0.89 nM for grass shrimp and mysids, respectively. In vivo experiments showed that mysids were significantly more sensitive to chlorpyrifos-induced AChE inhibition after 24 h of exposure. The in vivo EC50s for AChE inhibition were 1.23 μg L−1 for grass shrimp and 0.027 μg L−1 for mysids. Median lethal concentrations (24h LC50 values) were 1.06 μg L−1 for grass shrimp and 0.068 μg L−1 for mysids. The results suggest that differences in the response of these two crusta...


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study utilizes three well-described bacterial strains to demonstrate that inconsistent normalization across matrices undermines the assay's use in screening marine samples for AI-2 inhibition.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Toxicokinetic parameters were analyzed in the context of the unique structure of each brevetoxin metabolite resulting from a reduction, amino acid conjugation, or fatty acid addition to BTX-B.
Abstract: Brevetoxin B (BTX-B), produced by dinoflagellates of the species Karenia, is a highly reactive molecule, due in part to an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde group at the terminal side chain, leading to the production of metabolites in shellfish by reduction, oxidation, and conjugation. We have investigated in mice the blood elimination of three common bioactive brevetoxin metabolites found in shellfish, which have been semisynthesized from BTX-B in radioactive forms. BTX-B was reduced at C42 to yield [3H] dihydro-BTX-B. [3H] S-desoxy-BTX-B2 (cysteine brevetoxin B) was semisynthesized from BTX-B by the conjugation of cysteine at the C50 olefinic group then [3H] radiolabeled by C42 aldehyde reduction. [14C] N-Palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2 was prepared using S-desoxy-BTX-B2 as the starting material with addition of the [14C] radiolabeled fatty acid via cysteine–amide linkage. The elimination of intravenously administered [3H] S-desoxy-BTX-B2, [14C] N-palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2, or [3H] dihydro-BTX-B was measured in blood ...