Institution
National Ocean Service
Government•Silver Spring, Maryland, United States•
About: National Ocean Service is a government organization based out in Silver Spring, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Algal bloom & Population. The organization has 500 authors who have published 643 publications receiving 46096 citations.
Topics: Algal bloom, Population, Brevetoxin, Domoic acid, Karenia brevis
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Positive feedback interactions among nutrient availability, herbivore grazing, and nutrient regeneration, which have the potential to substantially influence the dynamics of EDAB events are discussed.
Abstract: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years with eutrophication and other anthropogenic alterations of coastal ecosystems. Many of these blooms severely alter or degrade ecosystem function, and are referred to here as ecosystem disruptive algal blooms (EDABs). These blooms are often caused by toxic or unpalatable species that decrease grazing rates by planktonic and benthic herbivores, and thereby disrupt the transfer of nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels, and decrease nutrient recycling. Many factors, such as nutrient availability and herbivore grazing have been proposed to separately influence EDAB dynamics, but interactions among these factors have rarely been considered. Here we discuss positive feedback interactions among nutrient availability, herbivore grazing, and nutrient regeneration, which have the potential to substantially influence the dynamics of EDAB events. The positive feedbacks result from a reduction of grazing rates on EDAB species caused by toxicity or unpalatability of these algae, which promotes the proliferation of the EDAB species. The decreased rates also lower grazer-mediated recycling of nutrients and thereby decrease nutrient availability. Since many EDAB species are well-adapted to nutrient-stressed environments and many exhibit increased toxin production and toxicity under nutrient limitation, positive feedbacks are established which can greatly increase the rate of bloom development and the adverse effects on the ecosystem. An understanding of how these feedbacks interact with other regulating factors, such as benthic/pelagic nutrient coupling, physical forcing, and life cycles of EDAB species provides a substantial future challenge.
242 citations
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TL;DR: FARM provides a valuation methodology useful for integrated nutrient management in coastal regions and provides a tool for screening various water quality impacts, and examines the mass balance of nutrients within a 6000 m 2 oyster farm.
242 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the state of knowledge on these genera is presented, with particular emphasis on the validation or dismissal of earlier findings in light of these revisions, and the review is divided into four sections (taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology).
228 citations
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Mount Sinai Hospital1, Nova Southeastern University2, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention3, University of Texas at Austin4, University of Miami5, National Ocean Service6, Emory University7, University of Hawaii8, University of Massachusetts Boston9, Food and Drug Administration10, Spanish National Research Council11, Australian Institute of Marine Science12, University of Exeter13
TL;DR: A proposed universal case definition for CFP is provided designed to account for the variability in symptom presentation across different geographic regions and global dimensions, prevention, future directions, and recommendations for clinicians and patients are provided.
Abstract: Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world. It causes substantial human health, social, and economic impacts. The illness produces a complex array of gastrointestinal, neurological and neuropsychological, and cardiovascular symptoms, which may last days, weeks, or months. This paper is a general review of CFP including the human health effects of exposure to ciguatoxins (CTXs), diagnosis, human pathophysiology of CFP, treatment, detection of CTXs in fish, epidemiology of the illness, global dimensions, prevention, future directions, and recommendations for clinicians and patients. It updates and expands upon the previous review of CFP published by Friedman et al. (2008) and addresses new insights and relevant emerging global themes such as climate and environmental change, international market issues, and socioeconomic impacts of CFP. It also provides a proposed universal case definition for CFP designed to account for the variability in symptom presentation across different geographic regions. Information that is important but unchanged since the previous review has been reiterated. This article is intended for a broad audience, including resource and fishery managers, commercial and recreational fishers, public health officials, medical professionals, and other interested parties.
225 citations
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TL;DR: The authors' detection of P. australis frustules, via scanning electron microscopy, in both anchovy viscera and fecal material from sea lions exhibiting seizures provides corroborating evidence that this toxic algal species was involved in this unusual sea lion mortality event.
Abstract: The occurrence of an unusual mortality event involving California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) along the central California coast in May 1998 was recently reported. The potent neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), produced naturally by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis and transmitted to the sea lions via planktivorous northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax), was identified as the probable causative agent. Details of DA analyses for anchovy tissues and sea lion feces are described. Domoic acid levels were estimated in anchovy samples by HPLC-UV, and in sea lion feces using the same method as well as a microplate receptor binding assay, with absolute confirmation by tandem mass spectrometry. The highest DA concentrations in anchovies occurred in the viscera (223 +/- 5 microg DA g(-1)), exceeding values in the body tissues by seven-fold and suggesting minimal bioaccumulation of DA in anchovy tissue. HPLC values for DA in sea lion fecal material (ranging from 152 to 136.5 microg DA g(-1)) required correction for interference from an unidentified compound. Inter-laboratory comparisons of HPLC data showed close quantitative agreement. Fecal DA activity determined using the receptor binding assay corresponded with HPLC values to within a factor of two. Finally, our detection of P. australis frustules, via scanning electron microscopy, in both anchovy viscera and fecal material from sea lions exhibiting seizures provides corroborating evidence that this toxic algal species was involved in this unusual sea lion mortality event.
214 citations
Authors
Showing all 501 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Charles H. Peterson | 77 | 202 | 28829 |
David T. Sandwell | 65 | 245 | 20058 |
William G. Sunda | 57 | 103 | 13933 |
Patricia A. Tester | 50 | 115 | 7012 |
James E. Byers | 49 | 137 | 9385 |
Jonathan A. Hare | 45 | 126 | 7259 |
Hunter S. Lenihan | 43 | 90 | 19833 |
Walter H. F. Smith | 42 | 111 | 30201 |
Richard P. Stumpf | 39 | 114 | 6034 |
Jonathan H. Grabowski | 39 | 120 | 5874 |
John S. Ramsdell | 39 | 115 | 4038 |
Patricia A. Fair | 38 | 115 | 3926 |
James C. Ryan | 37 | 101 | 5362 |
R. Wayne Litaker | 37 | 78 | 3947 |
Mark Busman | 36 | 84 | 4683 |