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Institution

National Physical Laboratory

FacilityLondon, United Kingdom
About: National Physical Laboratory is a facility organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Dielectric & Thin film. The organization has 7615 authors who have published 13327 publications receiving 319381 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of different types of nanomaterials including their synthesis, properties, conjugation with biomolecules, and their biosensing applications is presented.
Abstract: Nanomaterials, the building blocks of nanotechnology, possess important physical properties such as particle aggregation, photoemission, electrical and heat conductivities, and chemical properties like catalytic activities. On the basis of such unique properties, nanomaterials have received much attention from scientists and researchers in different areas of biomedical sciences such as biomolecule detection, sensing applications, gene delivery, clinical diagnostics, etc. This review focuses on different types of nanomaterials including their synthesis, properties, conjugation with biomolecules, and their biosensing applications.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an internal short circuiting device was used for controlled, on-demand, initiation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, allowing analysis of the nucleation and propagation of failure within 18 650 cells through the use of high-speed X-ray imaging at 2000 frames per second.
Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are being used in increasingly demanding applications where safety and reliability are of utmost importance. Thermal runaway presents the greatest safety hazard, and needs to be fully understood in order to progress towards safer cell and battery designs. Here, we demonstrate the application of an internal short circuiting device for controlled, on-demand, initiation of thermal runaway. Through its use, the location and timing of thermal runaway initiation is pre-determined, allowing analysis of the nucleation and propagation of failure within 18 650 cells through the use of high-speed X-ray imaging at 2000 frames per second. The cause of unfavourable occurrences such as sidewall rupture, cell bursting, and cell-to-cell propagation within modules is elucidated, and steps towards improved safety of 18 650 cells and batteries are discussed.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the various scanning probe microscopy tips and cantilevers used today for scanning force microscopy and magnetic force imaging, together with an overview of the various tip-sample interactions that affect dimensional measurements.
Abstract: The review will describe the various scanning probe microscopy tips and cantilevers used today for scanning force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy. Work undertaken to quantify the properties of cantilevers and tips, e.g. shape and radius, is reviewed together with an overview of the various tip–sample interactions that affect dimensional measurements.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An atom chip is realized that enables the integration of laser cooling and trapping into a compact apparatus, and delivers ten thousand times more atoms than previous magneto-optical traps with microfabricated optics and can reach sub-Doppler temperatures.
Abstract: Laser-cooled atoms are central to modern precision measurements1,2,3,4,5,6. They are also increasingly important as an enabling technology for experimental cavity quantum electrodynamics7,8, quantum information processing9,10,11 and matter–wave interferometry12. Although significant progress has been made in miniaturizing atomic metrological devices13,14, these are limited in accuracy by their use of hot atomic ensembles and buffer gases. Advances have also been made in producing portable apparatus that benefits from the advantages of atoms in the microkelvin regime15,16. However, simplifying atomic cooling and loading using microfabrication technology has proved difficult17,18. In this Letter we address this problem, realizing an atom chip that enables the integration of laser cooling and trapping into a compact apparatus. Our source delivers ten thousand times more atoms than previous magneto-optical traps with microfabricated optics and, for the first time, can reach sub-Doppler temperatures. Moreover, the same chip design offers a simple way to form stable optical lattices. These features, combined with simplicity of fabrication and ease of operation, make these new traps a key advance in the development of cold-atom technology for high-accuracy, portable measurement devices. An atom chip that enables the integration of laser cooling and trapping is demonstrated.

159 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the current level of wood burning in London was assessed by two tracer methods; i) a six week campaign of daily measurements of levoglucosan along a 38 km transectacrossthe city during winter 2010, and ii) a three-year (2009e2011)measurementprogramme of black carbonandparticulatematter from wood burningusingdifferentialIRandUVabsorptionbyAethalometer.

159 citations


Authors

Showing all 7655 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Rajesh Kumar1494439140830
Akhilesh Pandey10052953741
A. S. Bell9030561177
David R. Clarke9055336039
Praveen Kumar88133935718
Richard C. Thompson8738045702
Xin-She Yang8544461136
Andrew J. Pollard7967326295
Krishnendu Chakrabarty7999627583
Vinod Kumar7781526882
Bansi D. Malhotra7537519419
Matthew Hall7582724352
Sanjay K. Srivastava7336615587
Michael Jones7233118889
Sanjay Singh71113322099
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202315
202242
2021356
2020438
2019434
2018406