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Institution

National Physical Laboratory

FacilityLondon, United Kingdom
About: National Physical Laboratory is a facility organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Dielectric & Thin film. The organization has 7615 authors who have published 13327 publications receiving 319381 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, expanded graphite-based composite bipolar plates are developed from EG, which is synthesized by chemical intercalation of natural graphite and rapid expansion at high temperature.

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sorptive behavior of a mixture of 14 volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds against three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is investigated to open a new corridor to expand the practical application of MOFs for the treatment diverse VOC mixtures.
Abstract: In this research, we investigated the sorptive behavior of a mixture of 14 volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (four aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and styrene), six C2-C5 volatile fatty acids (VFAs), two phenols, and two indoles) against three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), i.e., MOF-5, Eu-MOF, and MOF-199 at 5 to 10 mPa VOC partial pressures (25 °C). The selected MOFs exhibited the strongest affinity for semi-volatile (polar) VOC molecules (skatole), whereas the weakest affinity toward was volatile (non-polar) VOC molecules (i.e., benzene). Our experimental results were also supported through simulation analysis in which polar molecules were bound most strongly to MOF-199, reflecting the presence of strong interactions of Cu2+ with polar VOCs. In addition, the performance of selected MOFs was compared to three well-known commercial sorbents (Tenax TA, Carbopack X, and Carboxen 1000) under the same conditions. The estimated equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg.g−1) for the all target VOCs was in the order of; MOF-199 (71.7) >Carboxen-1000 (68.4) >Eu-MOF (27.9) >Carbopack X (24.3) >MOF-5 (12.7) >Tenax TA (10.6). Hopefully, outcome of this study are expected to open a new corridor to expand the practical application of MOFs for the treatment diverse VOC mixtures.

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the solution obtained by Cox and Isham to correct coincidence counting data for the effects of dead time and accidental coincidences between events in the two detectors, where one non-extending dead time is an integer multiple of the other, is discussed in detail.

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study on CH4 emission from flooded rice fields under irrigated conditions, fields planted with rice emitted more methane than unplanted fields, and the CH4 efflux in planted plots varied with the rice variety and growth stage and ranged from 4 to 26 mg h-1m-2.
Abstract: In a study on CH4 emission from flooded rice fields under irrigated conditions, fields planted with rice emitted more methane than unplanted fields. The CH4 efflux in planted plots varied with the rice variety and growth stage and ranged from 4 to 26 mg h-1m-2. During the reproductive stage of the rice plants, CH4 emission was high and the oxidation power of rice roots, in terms of α-naphthylamine oxidation, was very low. The CH4 emission reached a maximum at midday and declined to minimum levels at midnight, irrespective of the rice variety. The peak CH4 emission at midday was associated with higher solar radiation and higher soil/water temperature.

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The recommendations of this analysis may serve as a guide to researchers, companies, and regulators when selecting, developing, and evaluating the appropriateness of dispersion methods applied in mammalian and ecotoxicity testing.
Abstract: Selecting appropriate ways of bringing engineered nanoparticles (ENP) into aqueous dispersion is a main obstacle for testing, and thus for understanding and evaluating, their potential adverse effects to the environment and human health. Using different methods to prepare (stock) dispersions of the same ENP may be a source of variation in the toxicity measured. Harmonization and standardization of dispersion methods applied in mammalian and ecotoxicity testing are needed to ensure a comparable data quality and to minimize test artifacts produced by modifications of ENP during the dispersion preparation process. Such harmonization and standardization will also enhance comparability among tests, labs, and studies on different types of ENP. The scope of this review was to critically discuss the essential parameters in dispersion protocols for ENP. The parameters are identified from individual scientific studies and from consensus reached in larger scale research projects and international organizations. A step-wise approach is proposed to develop tailored dispersion protocols for ecotoxicological and mammalian toxicological testing of ENP. The recommendations of this analysis may serve as a guide to researchers, companies, and regulators when selecting, developing, and evaluating the appropriateness of dispersion methods applied in mammalian and ecotoxicity testing. However, additional experimentation is needed to further document the protocol parameters and investigate to what extent different stock dispersion methods affect ecotoxicological and mammalian toxicological responses of ENP.

121 citations


Authors

Showing all 7655 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Rajesh Kumar1494439140830
Akhilesh Pandey10052953741
A. S. Bell9030561177
David R. Clarke9055336039
Praveen Kumar88133935718
Richard C. Thompson8738045702
Xin-She Yang8544461136
Andrew J. Pollard7967326295
Krishnendu Chakrabarty7999627583
Vinod Kumar7781526882
Bansi D. Malhotra7537519419
Matthew Hall7582724352
Sanjay K. Srivastava7336615587
Michael Jones7233118889
Sanjay Singh71113322099
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202315
202242
2021356
2020438
2019434
2018406