Institution
National Research University – Higher School of Economics
Education•Moscow, Russia•
About: National Research University – Higher School of Economics is a education organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Computer science. The organization has 12873 authors who have published 23376 publications receiving 256396 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Cortical networks exhibiting 'global oscillations', in which neural spike times are entrained to an underlying oscillatory rhythm, but where individual neurons fire irregularly, are shown to be tuned to achieve a maximally efficient population code by optimal efficient coding in spiking networks with synaptic delays and noise.
Abstract: Cortical networks exhibit 'global oscillations', in which neural spike times are entrained to an underlying oscillatory rhythm, but where individual neurons fire irregularly, on only a fraction of cycles. While the network dynamics underlying global oscillations have been well characterised, their function is debated. Here, we show that such global oscillations are a direct consequence of optimal efficient coding in spiking networks with synaptic delays and noise. To avoid firing unnecessary spikes, neurons need to share information about the network state. Ideally, membrane potentials should be strongly correlated and reflect a 'prediction error' while the spikes themselves are uncorrelated and occur rarely. We show that the most efficient representation is when: (i) spike times are entrained to a global Gamma rhythm (implying a consistent representation of the error); but (ii) few neurons fire on each cycle (implying high efficiency), while (iii) excitation and inhibition are tightly balanced. This suggests that cortical networks exhibiting such dynamics are tuned to achieve a maximally efficient population code.
49 citations
••
University of Sussex1, University of Toulouse2, Paul Verlaine University – Metz3, University of Iceland4, Nanyang Technological University5, University of Los Andes6, Hokkaido University7, Chinese Academy of Sciences8, North China University of Science and Technology9, Thammasat University10, University of Malaya11, Victoria University of Wellington12, West University of Timișoara13, Makerere University14, Hong Kong Polytechnic University15, University of Namibia16, University of Agder17, University of Miami18, Barry University19, National Research University – Higher School of Economics20, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile21, Federal University of Paraíba22, Istanbul Şehir University23, Ateneo de Manila University24, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul25, Université catholique de Louvain26, Leipzig University27, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru28, Northwestern University29, University of Milan30, University of Buea31, University of Cambridge32, Uludağ University33, University of Ghana34, Ankara University35, Addis Ababa University36, University of Jena37, Osaka University38, Complutense University of Madrid39, Sultan Qaboos University40, Hungarian Academy of Sciences41, University of Colorado Colorado Springs42, University of Wisconsin-Madison43, American University of Beirut44
TL;DR: Individual and cultural correlates of response styles when using 2 contrasting types of response mode were investigated, drawing on data from 55 cultural groups across 33 nations to yield more specific understandings of both individual- and culture-level variations in response style.
Abstract: Variations in acquiescence and extremity pose substantial threats to the validity of cross-cultural research that relies on survey methods. Individual and cultural correlates of response styles when using 2 contrasting types of response mode were investigated, drawing on data from 55 cultural groups across 33 nations. Using 7 dimensions of self-other relatedness that have often been confounded within the broader distinction between independence and interdependence, our analysis yields more specific understandings of both individual- and culture-level variations in response style. When using a Likert-scale response format, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as similar to others, and where cultural models of selfhood favour harmony, similarity with others and receptiveness to influence. However, when using Schwartz's (2007) portrait-comparison response procedure, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant but also connected to others, and where cultural models of selfhood favour self-reliance and self-consistency. Extreme responding varies less between the two types of response modes, and is most prevalent among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant, and in cultures favouring self-reliance. As both types of response mode elicit distinctive styles of response, it remains important to estimate and control for style effects to ensure valid comparisons.
49 citations
••
TL;DR: This paper found that mask use is robustly correlated with partisanship, and the impact of partisanship on mask use was not offset by local policy interventions, and that partisanship was the single most important predictor of mask use, not COVID-19 severity or local policies.
Abstract: Political polarization may undermine public policy response to collective risk, especially in periods of crisis, when political actors have incentives to manipulate public perceptions. We study these dynamics in the United States, focusing on how partisanship has influenced the use of face masks to stem the spread of COVID-19. Using a wealth of micro-level data, machine learning approaches, and a novel quasi-experimental design, we establish the following: (1) mask use is robustly correlated with partisanship; (2) the impact of partisanship on mask use is not offset by local policy interventions; (3) partisanship is the single most important predictor of local mask use, not COVID-19 severity or local policies; (4) president Trump's unexpected mask use at Walter Reed on July 11, 2020 and endorsement of masks on July 20, 2020 significantly increased social media engagement with and positive sentiment towards mask-related topics. These results unmask how partisanship undermines effective public responses to collective risk and how messaging by political agents can increase public engagement with policy measures.
49 citations
•
29 Jul 2009TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the effects of a broad range of reforms adopted over two tumultuous decades during which the Russian Federation experienced significant, and at times drastic, political regime changes, coupled with a similarly turbulent economic growth trajectory.
Abstract: Intergovernmental reforms in the Russian Federation: one step forward, two steps back? Is a critical analysis of Russia's intergovernmental reform program which began in the early 1990s It assesses the effects of a broad range of reforms adopted over two tumultuous decades during which the Russian Federation experienced significant, and at times drastic, political regime changes, coupled with a similarly turbulent economic growth trajectory This environment reshaped intergovernmental relations, requiring certain fiscal responsibilities to be delegated to the sub-national levels These reforms, however, were not always accompanied by the kinds of administrative and political structures required to support a truly devolved system of intergovernmental fiscal relations As this study indicates, in recent years there has been a tendency to recentralize some powers that had been granted to sub-national governments under earlier reforms, a trend that may call into question the future of fiscal decentralization in the federation Moreover, the current global economic downturn has had a significant effect on Russia' economic growth, largely because of the country's overdependence on oil, gas, and mineral exports It is likely that in the present economic climate the political regime will be inclined to further limit sub-national autonomy
49 citations
••
TL;DR: Bouaziz and Grojnowski as discussed by the authors showed that derived schemes with symplectic forms are locally equivalent to (Spec $A,\omega'$) for an affine derived scheme whose cdga $A$ has Darboux-like coordinates.
Abstract: We prove a 'Darboux theorem' for derived schemes with symplectic forms of degree $k<0$, in the sense of Pantev, Toen, Vaquie and Vezzosi arXiv:1111.3209. More precisely, we show that a derived scheme $X$ with symplectic form $\omega$ of degree $k$ is locally equivalent to (Spec $A,\omega'$) for Spec $A$ an affine derived scheme whose cdga $A$ has Darboux-like coordinates in which the symplectic form $\omega'$ is standard, and the differential in $A$ is given by Poisson bracket with a Hamiltonian function $H$ in $A$ of degree $k+1$.
When $k=-1$, this implies that a $-1$-shifted symplectic derived scheme $(X,\omega)$ is Zariski locally equivalent to the derived critical locus Crit$(H)$ of a regular function $H:U\to{\mathbb A}^1$ on a smooth scheme $U$. We use this to show that the underlying classical scheme of $X$ has the structure of an 'algebraic d-critical locus', in the sense of Joyce arXiv:1304.4508.
In the sequels arXiv:1211.3259, arXiv:1305.6428, arXiv:1312.0090, arXiv:1504.00690, 1506.04024 we will discuss applications of these results to categorified and motivic Donaldson-Thomas theory of Calabi-Yau 3-folds, and to defining new Donaldson-Thomas type invariants of Calabi-Yau 4-folds, and to defining 'Fukaya categories' of Lagrangians in algebraic symplectic manifolds using perverse sheaves, and we will extend the results of this paper and arXiv:1211.3259, arXiv:1305.6428 from (derived) schemes to (derived) Artin stacks, and to give local descriptions of Lagrangians in $k$-shifted symplectic derived schemes.
Bouaziz and Grojnowski arXiv:1309.2197 independently prove a similar 'Darboux Theorem'.
49 citations
Authors
Showing all 13307 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Rasmus Nielsen | 135 | 556 | 84898 |
Matthew Jones | 125 | 1161 | 96909 |
Fedor Ratnikov | 123 | 1104 | 67091 |
Kenneth J. Arrow | 113 | 411 | 111221 |
Wil M. P. van der Aalst | 108 | 725 | 42429 |
Peter Schmidt | 105 | 638 | 61822 |
Roel Aaij | 98 | 1071 | 44234 |
John W. Berry | 97 | 351 | 52470 |
Federico Alessio | 96 | 1054 | 42300 |
Denis Derkach | 96 | 1184 | 45772 |
Marco Adinolfi | 95 | 831 | 40777 |
Michael Alexander | 95 | 881 | 38749 |
Alexey Boldyrev | 94 | 439 | 32000 |
Shalom H. Schwartz | 94 | 220 | 67609 |
Richard Blundell | 93 | 487 | 61730 |