scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "National University of La Plata published in 2015"


Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, Ovsat Abdinov4  +5117 moreInstitutions (314)
TL;DR: A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented based on the combined data samples of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC in the H→γγ and H→ZZ→4ℓ decay channels.
Abstract: A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented based on the combined data samples of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC in the H→γγ and H→ZZ→4l decay channels. The results are obtained from a simultaneous fit to the reconstructed invariant mass peaks in the two channels and for the two experiments. The measured masses from the individual channels and the two experiments are found to be consistent among themselves. The combined measured mass of the Higgs boson is mH=125.09±0.21 (stat)±0.11 (syst) GeV.

1,567 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
A. Aab1, P. Abreu2, Marco Aglietta3, Marco Aglietta4  +640 moreInstitutions (64)
TL;DR: The Pierre Auger Observatory as mentioned in this paper, the world's largest cosmic ray observatory, has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km$^2$ sr yr.
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above $10^{17}$ eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water-Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km$^2$ overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km$^2$, 61 detector infill array. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km$^2$ sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Auger Observatory.

615 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A phylogeny of beetles based on DNA sequence data from eight nuclear genes, including six single‐copy nuclear protein‐coding genes, for 367 species representing 172 of 183 extant families provides a uniquely well‐resolved temporal and phylogenetic framework for studying patterns of innovation and diversification in Coleoptera.
Abstract: © 2015 The Authors. Systematic Entomology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Entomological Society This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionߚNonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

419 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, S. Abdel Khalek4  +2815 moreInstitutions (169)
TL;DR: In this article, a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum was performed using 20.3 fb(-1) of root s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012.
Abstract: Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb(-1) of root s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 ...

414 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work reviews the medicinal applications proposed for vanadium compounds with particular emphasis on the more recent publications and concludes that the potential ofVanadium compounds to treat type 2 diabetes is still an open question and therapies using vanadium compound for e.g. antitumor and anti-parasitic related diseases remain promising.

373 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review compiles the principal articles on medicinal plants used for treating diabetes and its comorbidities, as well as mechanisms of natural products as antidiabetic agents, and considers compounds of high interest as potential antidiabetics.
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. High blood sugar can produce long-term complications such as cardiovascular and renal disorders, retinopathy, and poor blood flow. Its development can be prevented or delayed in people with impaired glucose tolerance by implementing lifestyle changes or the use of therapeutic agents. Some of these drugs have been obtained from plants or have a microbial origin, such as galegine isolated from Galega officinalis, which has a great similarity to the antidiabetic drug metformin. Picnogenol, acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose are other antidiabetic products of natural origin. This review compiles the principal articles on medicinal plants used for treating diabetes and its comorbidities, as well as mechanisms of natural products as antidiabetic agents. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, effects on glucose uptake and glucose transporters, modification of mechanisms mediated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activity, modification of gene expression, and activities of hormones involved in glucose homeostasis such as adiponectin, resistin, and incretin, and reduction of oxidative stress are some of the mechanisms in which natural products are involved. We also review the most relevant clinical trials performed with medicinal plants and natural products such as aloe, banaba, bitter melon, caper, cinnamon, cocoa, coffee, fenugreek, garlic, guava, gymnema, nettle, sage, soybean, green and black tea, turmeric, walnut, and yerba mate. Compounds of high interest as potential antidiabetics are: fukugetin, palmatine, berberine, honokiol, amorfrutins, trigonelline, gymnemic acids, gurmarin, and phlorizin.

323 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, T. Abajyan2, Brad Abbott3, J. Abdallah4  +2914 moreInstitutions (169)
TL;DR: In this article, the jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collision data with a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text]TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of [formula] see text][formula:see text].
Abstract: The jet energy scale (JES) and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collision data with a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. Jets are reconstructed from energy deposits forming topological clusters of calorimeter cells using the anti-[Formula: see text] algorithm with distance parameters [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], and are calibrated using MC simulations. A residual JES correction is applied to account for differences between data and MC simulations. This correction and its systematic uncertainty are estimated using a combination of in situ techniques exploiting the transverse momentum balance between a jet and a reference object such as a photon or a [Formula: see text] boson, for [Formula: see text] and pseudorapidities [Formula: see text]. The effect of multiple proton-proton interactions is corrected for, and an uncertainty is evaluated using in situ techniques. The smallest JES uncertainty of less than 1 % is found in the central calorimeter region ([Formula: see text]) for jets with [Formula: see text]. For central jets at lower [Formula: see text], the uncertainty is about 3 %. A consistent JES estimate is found using measurements of the calorimeter response of single hadrons in proton-proton collisions and test-beam data, which also provide the estimate for [Formula: see text] TeV. The calibration of forward jets is derived from dijet [Formula: see text] balance measurements. The resulting uncertainty reaches its largest value of 6 % for low-[Formula: see text] jets at [Formula: see text]. Additional JES uncertainties due to specific event topologies, such as close-by jets or selections of event samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks or gluons, are also discussed. The magnitude of these uncertainties depends on the event sample used in a given physics analysis, but typically amounts to 0.5-3 %.

294 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Rafael D. Mesquita1, Raquel J. Vionette-Amaral1, Carl Lowenberger2, Rolando Rivera-Pomar3, Fernando A. Monteiro4, Fernando A. Monteiro1, Patrick Minx5, John Spieth5, A. Bernardo Carvalho1, Francisco Panzera6, Daniel Lawson7, André Q. Torres1, André Q. Torres4, José M. C. Ribeiro8, Marcos Henrique Ferreira Sorgine1, Robert M. Waterhouse, Michael J. Montague5, Fernando Abad-Franch4, Michele Alves-Bezerra1, Laurence Rodrigues do Amaral9, Helena Araujo1, Ricardo Nascimento Araújo1, Ricardo Nascimento Araújo10, L. Aravind8, Georgia C. Atella1, Patrícia Azambuja4, Patrícia Azambuja1, Mateus Berni1, Paula R. Bittencourt-Cunha1, Glória R.C. Braz1, Gustavo M. Calderón-Fernández3, Claudia M. A. Carareto11, Mikkel B. Christensen7, Igor Rodrigues da Costa1, Samara G. da Costa4, Marilvia Dansa12, Carlos R. O. Daumas-Filho1, Iron F. De-Paula1, Felipe A. Dias1, George Dimopoulos13, Scott J. Emrich14, Natalia Esponda-Behrens3, Patrícia Fampa15, Rita D. Fernandez-Medina4, Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca1, Marcio Fontenele1, Catrina Fronick5, Lucinda Fulton5, Ana Caroline P. Gandara1, Eloi S. Garcia4, Eloi S. Garcia1, Fernando A. Genta4, Fernando A. Genta1, Gloria I. Giraldo-Calderón14, Bruno Gomes1, Bruno Gomes4, Katia C. Gondim1, Adriana Granzotto11, Alessandra A. Guarneri1, Alessandra A. Guarneri4, Roderic Guigó16, Myriam Harry17, Daniel S.T. Hughes7, Willy Jablonka1, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, M. Patricia Juárez3, Leonardo Koerich1, Angela B. Lange18, Jose Manuel Latorre-Estivalis4, Jose Manuel Latorre-Estivalis1, Andrés Lavore3, Gena G. Lawrence19, Gena G. Lawrence18, Cristiano Lazoski1, Claudio R. Lazzari17, Raphael R.S. Lopes1, Marcelo G. Lorenzo4, Marcelo G. Lorenzo1, Magda D. Lugon12, David Majerowicz1, Paula L. Marcet19, Marco Mariotti16, Hatisaburo Masuda1, Karyn Megy7, Ana C.A. Melo1, Fanis Missirlis20, Theo Mota10, Fernando G. Noriega21, Marcela Nouzova21, Rodrigo Dutra Nunes1, Raquel L.L. Oliveira1, Gilbert Oliveira-Silveira1, Sheila Ons3, Ian Orchard18, Lucia Pagola3, Gabriela O. Paiva-Silva1, Agustina Pascual3, Márcio G. Pavan4, Nicolás Pedrini3, Alexandre A. Peixoto1, Alexandre A. Peixoto4, Marcos H. Pereira10, Marcos H. Pereira1, Andrew Pike13, Carla Polycarpo1, Francisco Prosdocimi1, Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues22, Hugh M. Robertson23, Ana Paula Salerno, Didier Salmon1, Didac Santesmasses16, Renata Schama4, Renata Schama1, Eloy S. Seabra-Junior, Lívia Silva-Cardoso1, Mário A.C. Silva-Neto1, Matheus Souza-Gomes9, Marcos Sterkel1, Mabel L. Taracena1, Marta Tojo24, Zhijian Jake Tu25, Jose M. C. Tubio26, Raul Ursic-Bedoya2, Thiago M. Venancio1, Thiago M. Venancio12, Ana Beatriz Walter-Nuno1, Derek Wilson7, Wesley C. Warren5, Richard K. Wilson5, Erwin Huebner27, Ellen M. Dotson19, Pedro L. Oliveira1 
TL;DR: The first genome sequence of a nondipteran insect vector of an important human parasitic disease is described, which provides critical information on the physiology and evolution of this important vector species and should be instrumental for the development of innovative disease control methods.
Abstract: Rhodnius prolixus not only has served as a model organism for the study of insect physiology, but also is a major vector of Chagas disease, an illness that affects approximately seven million people worldwide. We sequenced the genome of R. prolixus, generated assembled sequences covering 95% of the genome (∼ 702 Mb), including 15,456 putative protein-coding genes, and completed comprehensive genomic analyses of this obligate blood-feeding insect. Although immune-deficiency (IMD)-mediated immune responses were observed, R. prolixus putatively lacks key components of the IMD pathway, suggesting a reorganization of the canonical immune signaling network. Although both Toll and IMD effectors controlled intestinal microbiota, neither affected Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease, implying the existence of evasion or tolerance mechanisms. R. prolixus has experienced an extensive loss of selenoprotein genes, with its repertoire reduced to only two proteins, one of which is a selenocysteine-based glutathione peroxidase, the first found in insects. The genome contained actively transcribed, horizontally transferred genes from Wolbachia sp., which showed evidence of codon use evolution toward the insect use pattern. Comparative protein analyses revealed many lineage-specific expansions and putative gene absences in R. prolixus, including tandem expansions of genes related to chemoreception, feeding, and digestion that possibly contributed to the evolution of a blood-feeding lifestyle. The genome assembly and these associated analyses provide critical information on the physiology and evolution of this important vector species and should be instrumental for the development of innovative disease control methods.

293 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first randomised trial of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) to assess its effect on child health in Koulikoro, Mali was conducted in 2011 as discussed by the authors.

291 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, Ovsat Abdinov4  +2827 moreInstitutions (148)
TL;DR: The Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson hypothesis is tested against several alternative spin scenarios, including non-SM spin-0 and spin-2 models with universal and non-universal couplings to fermions and vector bosons, and the observed distributions of variables sensitive to the non- SM tensor couplings are compatible with the SM predictions.
Abstract: Studies of the spin, parity and tensor couplings of the Higgs boson in the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decay processes at the LHC are presented. The investigations are based on [Formula: see text] of pp collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at [Formula: see text] TeV and [Formula: see text] TeV. The Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson hypothesis, corresponding to the quantum numbers [Formula: see text], is tested against several alternative spin scenarios, including non-SM spin-0 and spin-2 models with universal and non-universal couplings to fermions and vector bosons. All tested alternative models are excluded in favour of the SM Higgs boson hypothesis at more than 99.9 % confidence level. Using the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decays, the tensor structure of the interaction between the spin-0 boson and the SM vector bosons is also investigated. The observed distributions of variables sensitive to the non-SM tensor couplings are compatible with the SM predictions and constraints on the non-SM couplings are derived.

268 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jun 2015-Nature
TL;DR: Proteomic analysis is applied to screen bone samples of the Late Quaternary South American native ungulate taxa Toxodon and Macrauchenia for phylogenetically informative protein sequences and the resulting consensus tree agrees well with recent higher-level mammalian phylogenies.
Abstract: No large group of recently extinct placental mammals remains as evolutionarily cryptic as the approximately 280 genera grouped as 'South American native ungulates'. To Charles Darwin, who first collected their remains, they included perhaps the 'strangest animal[s] ever discovered'. Today, much like 180 years ago, it is no clearer whether they had one origin or several, arose before or after the Cretaceous/Palaeogene transition 66.2 million years ago, or are more likely to belong with the elephants and sirenians of superorder Afrotheria than with the euungulates (cattle, horses, and allies) of superorder Laurasiatheria. Morphology-based analyses have proved unconvincing because convergences are pervasive among unrelated ungulate-like placentals. Approaches using ancient DNA have also been unsuccessful, probably because of rapid DNA degradation in semitropical and temperate deposits. Here we apply proteomic analysis to screen bone samples of the Late Quaternary South American native ungulate taxa Toxodon (Notoungulata) and Macrauchenia (Litopterna) for phylogenetically informative protein sequences. For each ungulate, we obtain approximately 90% direct sequence coverage of type I collagen α1- and α2-chains, representing approximately 900 of 1,140 amino-acid residues for each subunit. A phylogeny is estimated from an alignment of these fossil sequences with collagen (I) gene transcripts from available mammalian genomes or mass spectrometrically derived sequence data obtained for this study. The resulting consensus tree agrees well with recent higher-level mammalian phylogenies. Toxodon and Macrauchenia form a monophyletic group whose sister taxon is not Afrotheria or any of its constituent clades as recently claimed, but instead crown Perissodactyla (horses, tapirs, and rhinoceroses). These results are consistent with the origin of at least some South American native ungulates from 'condylarths', a paraphyletic assembly of archaic placentals. With ongoing improvements in instrumentation and analytical procedures, proteomics may produce a revolution in systematics such as that achieved by genomics, but with the possibility of reaching much further back in time.

Journal ArticleDOI
Bárbara Goettsch1, Craig Hilton-Taylor1, Gabriela Cruz-Piñón2, James P. Duffy3, Anne Frances4, Héctor M. Hernández5, Richard Inger3, Caroline M. Pollock1, Jan Schipper6, Mariella Superina7, Nigel P. Taylor, Marcelo F. Tognelli8, Agustin Manuel Abba9, Salvador Arias5, Hilda Julieta Arreola-Nava10, Marc A. Baker6, Rolando T. Bárcenas11, Duniel Barrios12, Pierre Braun, Charles A. Butterworth6, Alberto Búrquez5, Fátima Caceres, Miguel Cházaro-Basáñez13, Rafael Corral-Díaz, Mario Del Valle Perea14, Pablo H. Demaio1, Williams A. Duarte De Barros, Rafael Durán, Luis Faúndez Yancas15, Richard S. Felger16, Betty Fitz-Maurice, Walter A. Fitz-Maurice, George D. Gann, Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa5, Luis R. Gonzales-Torres17, M. Patrick Griffith18, Pablo C. Guerrero19, Pablo C. Guerrero15, Barry E. Hammel20, Kenneth D. Heil21, José Guadalupe Hernández-Oria5, Michael R. Hoffmann22, Michael R. Hoffmann1, Mario Ishiki Ishihara, Roberto Kiesling7, João Larocca, José Luis León de la Luz23, R S Christian Loaiza, Martin Lowry, Marlon C. Machado24, Lucas C. Majure25, Lucas C. Majure26, José Guadalupe Martínez Avalos27, Carlos Martorell5, Joyce Maschinski28, Eduardo Méndez7, Russell A. Mittermeier8, Jafet M. Nassar29, Vivian Negrón-Ortiz30, Vivian Negrón-Ortiz31, Luis Jorge Oakley32, Pablo Ortega-Baes33, Ana Beatriz Pin Ferreira, Donald J. Pinkava26, J. Mark Porter34, Raul Puente-Martinez26, José Eduardo Roque Gamarra35, Patricio Saldivia Pérez, Emiliano Sánchez Martínez, Martin Smith, Simon N. Stuart, José Luis Tapia Muñoz, Teresa Terrazas5, Martin Terry36, Marcelo Trevisson, Teresa Valverde5, Thomas R. Van Devender, Mario Esteban Véliz-Pérez37, Helmut Walter, Sarah A. Wyatt38, Daniela C. Zappi39, J. Alejandro Zavala-Hurtado40, Kevin J. Gaston3 
TL;DR: It is shown that cacti are among the most threatened taxonomic groups assessed to date, with 31% of the 1,478 evaluated species threatened, demonstrating the high anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity in arid lands.
Abstract: A high proportion of plant species is predicted to be threatened with extinction in the near future. However, the threat status of only a small number has been evaluated compared with key animal groups, rendering the magnitude and nature of the risks plants face unclear. Here we report the results of a global species assessment for the largest plant taxon evaluated to date under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, the iconic Cactaceae (cacti). We show that cacti are among the most threatened taxonomic groups assessed to date, with 31% of the 1,478 evaluated species threatened, demonstrating the high anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity in arid lands. The distribution of threatened species and the predominant threatening processes and drivers are different to those described for other taxa. The most significant threat processes comprise land conversion to agriculture and aquaculture, collection as biological resources, and residential and commercial development. The dominant drivers of extinction risk are the unscrupulous collection of live plants and seeds for horticultural trade and private ornamental collections, smallholder livestock ranching and smallholder annual agriculture. Our findings demonstrate that global species assessments are readily achievable for major groups of plants with relatively moderate resources, and highlight different conservation priorities and actions to those derived from species assessments of key animal groups.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of strains in the structural and electronic properties of graphene and other two-dimensional compounds is discussed. But the role is not restricted to graphene, and they are being intensively studied in other two dimensional materials, such as the metallic dichalcogenides.
Abstract: The analysis of the electronic properties of strained or lattice deformed graphene combines ideas from classical condensed matter physics, soft matter, and geometrical aspects of quantum field theory (QFT) in curved spaces. Recent theoretical and experimental work shows the influence of strains in many properties of graphene not considered before, such as electronic transport, spin-orbit coupling, the formation of Moire patterns, optics, ... There is also significant evidence of anharmonic effects, which can modify the structural properties of graphene. These phenomena are not restricted to graphene, and they are being intensively studied in other two dimensional materials, such as the metallic dichalcogenides. We review here recent developments related to the role of strains in the structural and electronic properties of graphene and other two dimensional compounds.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, S. Albrand2, J. S. Brown2, Johann Collot2, Sabine Crépé-Renaudin2, B. Dechenaux2, Pierre-Antoine Delsart2, C. Gabaldon2, Marie-Hélène Genest2, J-Y. Hostachy2, Fabienne Ledroit-Guillon2, Annick Lleres2, Arnaud Lucotte2, Fairouz Malek2, Caterina Monini2, Jan Stark2, Benjamin Trocmé2, M. Wu2, Ghita Rahal, Zuzana Barnovska3, Nicolas Berger3, Marco Delmastro3, L. Di Ciaccio3, T.K.O. Doan4, Sabine Elles3, Corinne Goy3, Tetiana Hryn'ova3, Stéphane Jézéquel3, H. Keoshkerian3, Iro Koletsou3, Remi Lafaye3, Jessica Levêque3, V.P. Lombardo5, N. Massol3, H. Przysiezniak3, G. Sauvage3, Emmanuel Sauvan3, M. Schwoerer3, Olivier Simard3, T. Todorov3, Isabelle Wingerter-Seez3, Lion Alio1, Marlon Barbero1, J. C. Clemens1, Yann Coadou1, Sara Diglio1, Fares Djama1, Lorenzo Feligioni1, Gregory David Hallewell1, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann1, Fabrice Hubaut1, Edith Knoops1, E. Le Guirriec1, Bing Li6, D. Madaffari1, K. Mochizuki1, Emmanuel Monnier1, G.S. Muanza7, Yoshikazu Nagai1, Pascal Pralavorio1, Alexandre Rozanov1, Thomas Serre1, Mossadek Talby1, E. Tiouchichine1, Sylvain Tisserant1, Jozsef Toth, Francois Touchard1, Michael Ughetto1, Laurent Vacavant1, M.K. Ayoub8, Ahmed Bassalat9, Cyril Becot9, Sebastien Binet9, Claire Bourdarios9, D. Delgove10, J-B. de Vivie De Regie11, Laurent Duflot9, Marc Escalier9, Louis Fayard9, Daniel Fournier9, Evangelos Leonidas Gkougkousis9, J-F Grivaz9, Thibault Guillemin9, F. Hariri9, Sophie Henrot-Versille9, Julius Hrivnac9, Lydia Iconomidou-Fayard9, Marumi Kado9, Abdenour Lounis9, Nikola Makovec9, Nicolas Morange12, Clara Nellist9, Pierre Petroff, Luc Poggioli9, Patrick Puzo9, A. Renaud9, David Rousseau9, Grigori Rybkin9, Arthur Schaffer9, Estelle Scifo9, Laurent Serin9, Stefan Simion9, Reisaburo Tanaka9, Dirk Zerwas9, Zhiqing Zhang9, Yongke Zhao13 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the observation of Higgs boson decays to $WW^{\ast}$ based on an excess over background of 6.1 standard deviations, where the Standard Model expectation is 5.8 standard deviations.
Abstract: We report the observation of Higgs boson decays to $WW^{\ast}$ based on an excess over background of 6.1 standard deviations in the dilepton final state, where the Standard Model expectation is 5.8 standard deviations. Evidence for the vector-boson fusion (VBF) production process is obtained with a significance of 3.2 standard deviations. The results are obtained from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $25 \textrm{pb}^{-1}$ from $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 TeV $pp$ collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. For a Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV, the ratio of the measured value to the expected value of the total production cross section times branching fraction is $1.09^{+0.16}_{-0.15} \textrm{(stat.)}^{+0.17}_{-0.14} \textrm{(syst.)}$. The corresponding ratios for the gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion production mechanisms are $1.02\pm 0.19 \textrm{(stat.)}^{+0.22}_{-0.18} \textrm{(syst.)}$ and $1.27^{+0.44}_{-0.40} \textrm{(stat.)}^{+0.30}_{-0.21} \textrm{(syst.)}$, respectively. At $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV, the total production cross sections are measured to be $\sigma(gg\to H\rightarrow WW^\ast) = 4.6\pm0.9\,\textrm{(stat.)}\,^{+0.8}_{-0.7}\,\textrm{(syst.)}\textrm{pb}$ and $\sigma(\textrm{VBF} H\rightarrow WW^\ast) = 0.51\,^{+0.17}_{-0.15}\,\textrm{(stat.)}\,^{+0.13}_{-0.08}\,\textrm{(syst.)}\textrm{pb}$. The fiducial cross section is determined for the gluon-fusion process in exclusive final states with zero or one associated jet.

Journal ArticleDOI
A. Aab1, P. Abreu1, Marco Aglietta1, E. J. Ahn1  +487 moreInstitutions (64)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultrahigh energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between 62° and 80°.
Abstract: We present the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultrahigh energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between 62° and 80°. The measurement is based on 174 hybrid events recorded simultaneously with the surface detector array and the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The muon number for each shower is derived by scaling a simulated reference profile of the lateral muon density distribution at the ground until it fits the data. A 1019eV shower with a zenith angle of 67°, which arrives at the surface detector array at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level, contains on average (2.68±0.04±0.48(sys))×107 muons with energies larger than 0.3 GeV. The logarithmic gain dlnNμ/dlnE of muons with increasing energy between 4×1018eV and 5×1019eV is measured to be (1.029±0.024±0.030(sys)).

Journal Article
TL;DR: This book presents the past, the present and the future of the different types of machine learning algorithms, and suggests to get the best out of each “tribe” and make a unique learning algorithm able to learn without caring about the problem: the master algorithm.
Abstract: Nowadays, “machine learning” is present in several aspects of the current world, internet advisors, advertisements and “smart” devices that seem to know what we need in a given moment. These are some examples of the problems solved by machine learning. This book presents the past, the present and the future of the different types of machine learning algorithms. At the beginning of the book, the author takes us to the first years of the computing science, where a programmer had to do absolutely everything by himself to make an algorithm do a certain task. As time passes, there appeared the first algorithms that were capable of programming themselves learning from the available data. The author presents what he himself calls the five “tribes” of machine learning, the essence that defends each one and the kind of problems that are able to solve without problems. With a great amount of simple examples, the author depicts which advantages and disadvantages of the “master” algorithms of each “tribes” are, saying that the problem that a tribe solves perfectly well, another one cannot do it, and the other way about. The author suggests to get the best out of each “tribe” and make a unique learning algorithm able to learn without caring about the problem: the master algorithm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Kefir may act as a matrix in the effective delivery of probiotic microorganisms in different types of products and the presence of kefir’s exopolysaccharides, known as keFiran, which has biological activity, certainly adds value to products.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a strong focus on beneficial foods with probiotic microorganisms and functional organic substances. In this context, there is an increasing interest in the commercial use of kefir, since it can be marketed as a natural beverage that has health promoting bacteria. There are numerous commercially available kefir based-products. Kefir may act as a matrix in the effective delivery of probiotic microorganisms in different types of products. Also, the presence of kefir’s exopolysaccharides, known as kefiran, which has biological activity, certainly adds value to products. Kefiran can also be used separately in other food products and as a coating film for various food and pharmaceutical products. This article aims to update the information about kefir and its microbiological composition, biological activity of the kefir’s microflora and the importance of kefiran as a beneficial health substance.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, Ovsat Abdinov4  +2841 moreInstitutions (148)
TL;DR: Since no evidence of third-generation squarks is found, exclusion limits are derived by combining several analyses and are presented in both a simplified model framework, assuming simple decay chains, as well as within the context of more elaborate phenomenological supersymmetric models.
Abstract: This paper reviews and extends searches for the direct pair production of the scalar supersymmetric partners of the top and bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions collected by the ATLAS collaboration during the LHC Run 1. Most of the analyses use 20 [Formula: see text] of collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] TeV, although in some case an additional [Formula: see text] of collision data at [Formula: see text] TeV are used. New analyses are introduced to improve the sensitivity to specific regions of the model parameter space. Since no evidence of third-generation squarks is found, exclusion limits are derived by combining several analyses and are presented in both a simplified model framework, assuming simple decay chains, as well as within the context of more elaborate phenomenological supersymmetric models.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, Ovsat Abdinov4  +2882 moreInstitutions (212)
TL;DR: In this article, a search for narrow resonances decaying into WW, WZ, or ZZ boson pairs using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of root s = TeV recorded with the AT...
Abstract: A search is performed for narrow resonances decaying into WW, WZ, or ZZ boson pairs using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = TeV recorded with the AT ...

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, S. Abdel Khalek4  +2877 moreInstitutions (190)
TL;DR: In this article, the final ATLAS Run 1 measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in the decay channel H -> ZZ* -> l(+)l(-)l(+) l'(-), where l, l' = e or mu, are presented.
Abstract: The final ATLAS Run 1 measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in the decay channel H -> ZZ* -> l(+)l(-)l(+)l'(-), where l, l' = e or mu, are presented. These measurements were performed using pp collision data corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.5 and 20.3 fb(-1) at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, respectively, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The H -> ZZ* -> 4l signal is observed with a significance of 8.1 standard deviations, with an expectation of 6.2 standard deviations, at m(H) = 125.36 GeV, the combined ATLAS measurement of the Higgs boson mass from the H -> gamma gamma and H -> ZZ* -> 4l channels. The production rate relative to the Standard Model expectation, the signal strength, is measured in four different production categories in the H -> ZZ* -> 4l channel. The measured signal strength, at this mass, and with all categories combined, is 1.44(-0.33)(+0.40). The signal strength for Higgs boson production in gluon fusion or in association with (tt) over bar or (bb) over bar pairs is found to be 1.7(-0.4)(+0.5), while the signal strength for vector-boson fusion combined with WH/ZH associated production is found to be 0.3(-0.9)(+1.6).

Journal ArticleDOI
A. Aab1, P. Abreu2, Marco Aglietta3, Eun-Joo Ahn4  +490 moreInstitutions (65)
TL;DR: Al Almela, Daniel Alejandro as discussed by the authors, Federación Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (FNCIT) and CONGESTO NACIONAL de Investigación Científicas (CICIT) of Argentina.
Abstract: Fil: Almela, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Tecnologias en Deteccion y Astroparticulas; Argentina

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on the current knowledge of the role of nitric oxide in adaptive plant responses to some specific abiotic stress conditions, particularly low mineral nutrient supply, drought, salinity and high UV-B radiation.
Abstract: Nitric oxide in plants may originate endogenously or come from surrounding atmosphere and soil. Interestingly, this gaseous free radical is far from having a constant level and varies greatly among tissues depending on a given plant´s ontogeny and environmental fluctuations. Proper plant growth, vegetative development, and reproduction require the integration of plant hormonal activity with the antioxidant network, as well as the maintenance of concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within a narrow range. Plants are frequently faced with abiotic stress conditions such as low nutrient availability, salinity, drought, high ultraviolet (UV) radiation and extreme temperatures, which can influence developmental processes and lead to growth restriction making adaptive responses the plant´s priority. The ability of plants to respond and survive under environmental-stress conditions involves sensing and signalling events where nitric oxide becomes a critical component mediating hormonal actions, interacting with reactive oxygen species, and modulating gene expression and protein activity. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the role of nitric oxide in adaptive plant responses to some specific abiotic stress conditions, particularly low mineral nutrient supply, drought, salinity and high UV-B radiation.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, Ovsat Abdinov4  +2841 moreInstitutions (194)
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a search for events containing at least one long-lived particle that decays at a significant distance from its production point into two leptons or into five or more charged particles are presented.
Abstract: Many extensions of the Standard Model posit the existence of heavy particles with long lifetimes. This article presents the results of a search for events containing at least one long-lived particle that decays at a significant distance from its production point into two leptons or into five or more charged particles. This analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) collected in 2012 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. No events are observed in any of the signal regions, and limits are set on model parameters within supersymmetric scenarios involving R-parity violation, split supersymmetry, and gauge mediation. In some of the search channels, the trigger and search strategy are based only on the decay products of individual long-lived particles, irrespective of the rest of the event. In these cases, the provided limits can easily be reinterpreted in different scenarios.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, S. Abdel Khalek4  +2868 moreInstitutions (175)
TL;DR: Inclusive jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of 2 in central collisions compared to pp collisions, and the nuclear modification factor R(AA) shows a slight increase with p(T) and no significant variation with rapidity.
Abstract: Measurements of inclusive jet production are performed in pp and Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.0 pb−1 and 0.14 nb−1, respectively. The jets are identified with the anti-kt algorithm with R = 0.4, and the spectra are measured over the kinematic range of jet transverse momentum 32 < pT < 500 GeV, and absolute rapidity |y| < 2.1 and as a function of collision centrality. The nuclear modification factor, RAA, is evaluated and jets are found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in central collisions compared to pp collisions. The RAA shows a slight increase with pT and no significant variation with rapidity.

Posted Content
TL;DR: The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) as mentioned in this paper provides the largest survey of galaxy redshifts available to date, in terms of both the number of galaxies measured by a single survey, and the effective cosmological volume covered.
Abstract: The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) III project, has provided the largest survey of galaxy redshifts available to date, in terms of both the number of galaxy redshifts measured by a single survey, and the effective cosmological volume covered. Key to analysing the clustering of these data to provide cosmological measurements is understanding the detailed properties of this sample. Potential issues include variations in the target catalogue caused by changes either in the targeting algorithm or properties of the data used, the pattern of spectroscopic observations, the spatial distribution of targets for which redshifts were not obtained, and variations in the target sky density due to observational systematics. We document here the target selection algorithms used to create the galaxy samples that comprise BOSS. We also present the algorithms used to create large scale structure catalogues for the final Data Release (DR12) samples and the associated random catalogues that quantify the survey mask. The algorithms are an evolution of those used by the BOSS team to construct catalogues from earlier data, and have been designed to accurately quantify the galaxy sample. The code used, designated MKSAMPLE, is released with this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Alexander Kupco2, Peter Davison3, Samuel Webb4  +2879 moreInstitutions (213)
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in events containing a pair of high-p(T) leptons of the same charge and high p(t) jets is presented, which is consistent with the background-only hypothesis based on the Standard Model expectation.
Abstract: A search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in events containing a pair of high-p(T) leptons of the same charge and high-p(T) jets is presented. The search uses 20.3 fb(-1) of pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8TeV. The data are found to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis based on the Standard Model expectation. In the context of a Type-I seesaw mechanism, limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio for production of heavy Majorana neutrinos in the mass range between 100 and 500 GeV. The limits are subsequently interpreted as limits on the mixing between the heavy Majorana neutrinos and the Standard Model neutrinos. In the context of a left-right symmetric model, limits on the production cross-section times branching ratio are set with respect to the masses of heavy Majorana neutrinos and heavy gauge bosons W-R and Z'.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the success of pectin as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution is discussed considering thermodynamics of adsorption and kinetics of the electrochemical reactions.

Journal ArticleDOI
A. Aab1, P. Abreu2, Marco Aglietta3, Eun-Joo Ahn4  +470 moreInstitutions (67)
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos with an E-2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0×1017eV-2.
Abstract: Neutrinos in the cosmic ray flux with energies near 1 EeV and above are detectable with the Surface Detector array (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We report here on searches through Auger data from 1 January 2004 until 20 June 2013. No neutrino candidates were found, yielding a limit to the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos that challenges the Waxman-Bahcall bound predictions. Neutrino identification is attempted using the broad time structure of the signals expected in the SD stations, and is efficiently done for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for "Earth-skimming" neutrino interactions in the case of tau neutrinos. In this paper the searches for downward-going neutrinos in the zenith angle bins 60°-75°and 75°-90°as well as for upward-going neutrinos, are combined to give a single limit. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos with an E-2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0×1017eV-2.5×1019eV is Eν2dNν/dEν<6.4×10-9GeVcm-2s-1sr-1.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new comprehensive global analysis of parton-to-pion fragmentation functions is presented, based on the latest experimental information on single-inclusive pion production in electron-positron annihilation, lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering, and proton-proton collisions.
Abstract: We present a new, comprehensive global analysis of parton-to-pion fragmentation functions at next-to-leading-order accuracy in QCD. The obtained results are based on the latest experimental information on single-inclusive pion production in electron-positron annihilation, lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering, and proton-proton collisions. An excellent description of all data sets is achieved, and the remaining uncertainties in parton-to-pion fragmentation functions are estimated based on the Hessian method. Extensive comparisons to the results from our previous global analysis are performed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pertussis incidence has increased in school-age children in North America and western Europe, where acellular pertussis vaccines are used, but an increase has also occurred in some countries that use whole-cell vaccines.
Abstract: Pertussis has reemerged as a problem across the world. To better understand the nature of the resurgence, we reviewed recent epidemiologic data and we report disease trends from across the world. Published epidemiologic data from January 2000 to July 2013 were obtained via PubMed searches and open-access websites. Data on vaccine coverage and reported pertussis cases from 2000 through 2012 from the 6 World Health Organization regions were also reviewed. Findings are confounded not only by the lack of systematic and comparable observations in many areas of the world but also by the cyclic nature of pertussis with peaks occurring every 3-5 years. It appears that pertussis incidence has increased in school-age children in North America and western Europe, where acellular pertussis vaccines are used, but an increase has also occurred in some countries that use whole-cell vaccines. Worldwide, pertussis remains a serious health concern, especially for infants, who bear the greatest disease burden. Factors that may contribute to the resurgence include lack of booster immunizations, low vaccine coverage, improved diagnostic methods, and genetic changes in the organism. To better understand the epidemiology of pertussis and optimize disease control, it is important to improve surveillance worldwide, irrespective of pertussis vaccine types and schedules used in each country.