scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "National University of Singapore published in 1968"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The necropsy findings in 12 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever are described and deposits of fibrin could be demonstrated within blood vessel walls in the spleen, and less frequently in pancreas and lung.
Abstract: The necropsy findings in 12 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever are described. Interstitial pneumonitis was present in all 12, and protein-rich serous effusions were found in 9. In most patients deposits of fibrin could be demonstrated within blood vessel walls in the spleen, and less frequently in pancreas and lung. Although the pathogenesis of this fibrin deposition is unknown, it is believed to be a manifestation of increased vascular permeability. Paracentral areas of zonal necrosis were found in the liver in 4 cases; Councilman-like bodies were present in these 4, and intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in 2 of them.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Early-detection of G-6-PD deficiency and close surveillance of affected newborns has substantially reduced the incidence of kernicterus associated with G- 6- PD deficiency in Singapore.
Abstract: Hyperbilirubinemia among glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient infants in Singapore is a common and serious problem. Sixty-nine G-6-PD-deficient newborns were studied throughout the neonatal period. A total of seven infants (10%) required exchange transfusions or developed kernicterus. Kernicterus occurred in two infants. The incidence of similarly severe hyperbilirubinemia in G-6-PD-normal newborns of Singapore is probably less than 0.3%. Hyperbilirubinemia in G-6-PD-deficient Chinese infants appears to result from slightly excessive hemolysis superimposed upon a moderately severe hyperbilirubinemia of a nonhemolytic type. In the average infant excessive hemolysis contributes relatively little to the total bilirubinemia. Exposure to exogenous agents occasionally may be important. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia may vary considerably among ethnic groups, and it is suggested that the incidence of severe hyperbilirubinemia in G-6-PD-deficient members of an ethnic group may be influenced by their "baseline" or "physiologic" hyperbilirubinemia. Early-detection of G-6-PD deficiency and close surveillance of affected newborns has substantially reduced the incidence of kernicterus associated with G-6-PD deficiency in Singapore.

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The benzodiazepines are the more recent psychotropic drugs which act mainly by depressing the reticular activating system and the basal ganglia of the brain without depressing the vital medullary centres.

58 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tetralin was synthesized and fed to rabbits, and the major metabolite of tetralin, alpha-tetralone, beta-naphthol, 5-hydroxytetalin, and 6-Hydroxytentralin are not metabolites.
Abstract: 1. [1-(14)C]Tetralin was synthesized and fed to rabbits. 2. Of the radioactivity, 87-90% was excreted in the urine within two days and 0.5-3.7% on the third day. The faeces contained 0.6-1.8%. No radioactivity was found in the breath and negligible amounts were retained in the tissues. About 90-99% of an administered dose was accounted for. 3. The main metabolite in the urine was the glucuronide of alpha-tetralol (52.4%). Other conjugated metabolites were beta-tetralol (25.3%), 4-hydroxy-alpha-tetralone (6.1%), cis-tetralin-1,2-diol (0.4%) and trans-tetralin-1,2-diol (0.6%). 4. beta-Tetralone, alpha-naphthol, 1,2-dihydronaphthalene and naphthalene, previously reported as metabolites, are artifacts, and tetralin, alpha-tetralone, beta-naphthol, 5-hydroxytetralin, and 6-hydroxytetralin are not metabolites. 5. The major metabolite of tetralin, alpha-tetralol and alpha-tetralone is the glucuronide of alpha-tetralol, which was isolated as methyl (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl tri-O-acetyl-beta-d-glucosid)uronate; the major metabolite of beta-tetralol and beta-tetralone is the glucuronide of beta-tetralol, which was characterized as methyl (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl tri-O-acetyl-beta-d-glucosid)uronate. 5-Hydroxytetralin is conjugated with glucuronic acid, and was characterized as methyl (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl tri-O-acetyl-beta-d-glucosid)uronate. 6-Hydroxytetralin is conjugated with glucuronic acid, and was characterized as methyl (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl tri-O-acetyl-beta-d-glucosid)uronate. 6. A metabolic sequence accounting for the observed biological transformation products is proposed.

24 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the isolation of stigmasterol, friedelin, glucose and fructose from the roots of Mikania cordata and mikanin, epifriedelinol and fumaric acid from leaves and stems of this plant.

20 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Observations showed that resorption proceeds at a slower rate over the implant area and that the presence of the implant did minimize the amount of bone loss over the period observed.
Abstract: An investigation was developed to test the clinical possibilities of a method to preserve the residual alveolar bone immediately following tooth extractions. Clinical observations of bone stability over retained roots or teeth led to this study. Observations showed that resorption proceeds at a slower rate over the implant area and that the presence of the implant did minimize the amount of bone loss over the period observed. The nagging fear of the development of malignancy through the use of acrylic resins has caused the temporary withdrawal of an otherwise handy and practical material from future phases of this investigation. It is hoped similarly based investigations using roots of the extracted teeth themselves as implants will be continued. Primary union of the oral tissue over the open socket is an important factor for success. The positioning of the implants (3 mm. or more below the infraalveolar bone crest) appears as a factor in the success of the implant and the organization of the blood clot. Future investigations must bear these important features in mind.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Thirteen cases of convulsions or tremors in children with hypomagnesaemia but no associated hypocalcaemia are reported but on recovery, either spontaneously or after administration of magnesium, serum-magnesium returned to normal levels.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the essay On Liberty, Mill put forward his famous principle that society may only interfere with those actions of an individual which concern others and not with actions which merely concern himself.
Abstract: In the essay On Liberty, Mill put forward his famous principle that society may only interfere with those actions of an individual which concern others and not with actions which merely concern himself. The validity of this principle depends on there being a distinction between self-regarding and other-regarding actions. But the concept of self-regarding actions has been severely criticised on the ground that all actions affect others in some way and are therefore other-regarding. The notion of self-regarding actions appears to be completely discredited. Very recently, however, there has been some dissatisfaction with the traditional debunking of Mill on this score. Two serious and important attempts to reinterpret the principle were made by Mr J. C. Rees in an article entitled ‘A Re-Reading of Mill on Liberty’, and by Mr Alan Ryan in two brief but extremely useful contributions. My aim is to discuss these reinterpretations of Mill, and on the basis of this, build up what I think is the correct account of Mill's notion of self-regarding actions.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was a considerable variation in the size, shape and the state of development of the oocysts in freshly passed stools and it is suggested that I. hominis be regarded as synonymous with I. belli.
Abstract: The morphology of Isospora oocysts was studied from 6 cases of human infection. There was a considerable variation in the size, shape and the state of development of the oocysts in freshly passed stools. 80–90% of the oocysts completed sporulation in 24 hours in potassium bichromate solution. The sporulated oocysts showed varying degrees of disintegration of the oocyst wall. In some cases the wall was partially collapsed; in others it was completely collapsed leaving just 2 sporocysts attached to each other. In view of these findings I suggest that I. hominis be regarded as synonymous with I. belli .

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A marked increase in viscosity is produced in solutions of dodecyl, tetradecyl pyridinium bromide, cetylpyridine chloride, benzalkonium chloride, and benzeth onium chloride containing salicylic acid.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that two cell lines develop in hydatidiform mole, one line representing the union of the sperm and ovum; the second by endoreduplication of the second polocyte, which could account for the coexistence of a mole and fetus, for the mole alone, and for “molar degeneration of the placenta.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Before the drug was used in patients, a pilot study was carried out to ascertain its effects on the newborn, and it was claimed that it did not depress the newborn infants in cases of uncomplicated pregnancies and labour.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The host–parasite relationships of several notoedrid and teinocoptid mites of two Malaysian bats, Cheiromeles torquatus (the hairless bat) and Cynopterus brachyotis, were studied.
Abstract: The host–parasite relationships of several notoedrid and teinocoptid mites of two Malaysian bats, Cheiromeles torquatus (the hairless bat) and Cynopterus brachyotis (the common fruit bat), were studied. C. torquatus is parasitized by five species of Notoedres (family Sarcoptidae)— N. alexfaini, N. longisetosus, N. elongatus, N. rajamanickami and N. cheiromeles . Two, N. alexfaini and N. longisetosus , are responsible for generalized mange, which affects mainly the trunk. The three remaining species produce small, discrete lesions, each having a distinctive morphology and polarity. Notoedres elongatus causes papilliform swellings, usually over the bony parts of the wing. It inhabits deep burrows in the swellings, which consist largely of hyper-plastic connective tissue heavily infiltrated with round cells. The lesions produced by N. rajamanickami resemble those of N. elongatus , except that they are located on the head in the neighbourhood of the vibrissae and are not elevated. N. cheiromeles dwells in cupules in the stratum corneum on various parts of the body, including the wings. These cupules are formed as a result of an intense hyper-keratosis in the immediate vicinity of the mites. The reaction of the skin of Cynopterus brachyotis to the teinocoptid mite, Teino-coptes asiaticus (family Teinocoptidae), expresses itself chiefly as an extensive acanthosis. There is little or no thickening of the stratum corneum except on the lips of the epidermal cupule in which the anterior end of the mite rests. The dermis underlying the mite undergoes moderate fibroblastic proliferation. We would like to thank Mr Lim Boo Liat of the Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, and Mr Eric Alfred of the National Museum, Singapore, who very kindly allowed us to examine material from their collections. Mr Lim also assisted in other ways and proved to be a genial and helpful host when we visited his laboratory at the IMR. We are also most grateful to Professor John Harrison, who so generously provided us with space in his department.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1968-Mind



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a phylogeny of the Basidiomycetes of New Zealand and a review of J. C. Arthur's manual of the rusts in United States and Canada, published in 1934.
Abstract: Cunningham, G. H. 1931. The rust fungi of New Zealand. Mclndoe, Dunedin. 261 p. . 1932. Terminology of the spore forms and associated structures of the rust fungi. N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. 12: 123-128. Harper, R. A. 1925. Sexual reproduction and the organization of the nucleus in certain mildews. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 37. 104 p. Mains, E. B. 1934. Review of J. C. Arthur, Manual of the rusts in United States and Canada Phytopathology 24: 1316-1318. Savile, D. B. 0. 1955. A phylogeny of the Basidiomycetes. Can. J. Bot. 33: 60-104.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Blatter von Fagraea fragrans enthalten polymorphe Sklereide Indolyl-Essigsaure (IES) in einer Konzentration von 0,125% hemmt die Verholzung der sklereiden.
Abstract: Die Blatter vonFagraea fragrans enthalten polymorphe Sklereide Indolyl-Essigsaure (IES) in einer Konzentration von 0,125% hemmt die Verholzung der Sklereiden, hohere IES-Konzentrationen unterdrucken die Bildung der Sklereiden vollstandig.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, a bulk effect hot carrier microwave modulator for Q-band is described in which the required applied voltages are reduced by an order of magnitude from previous modulators.
Abstract: A bulk effect hot carrier microwave modulator for Q-band is described in which the required applied voltages are reduced by an order of magnitude from previous modulators. This is accomplished by the use of semiconductor chips of short lengths.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The arguments in favour of the use of human milk for human babies have been based on the differences between the physical and chemical constitution of the two products, but these differences have become more apparent and detailed with theUse of modern laboratory techniques.
Abstract: The arguments in favour of the use of human milk for human babies have been based on the differences between the physical and chemical constitution of the two products (Clements, 1949). These differences have become more apparent and detailed with the use of modern laboratory techniques. The gross compositions of cow’s milk and human milk are shown in the table below. One of the most obvious differences i9 the disproportion between the relative amounts of protein and carbohydrate, because cow’s milk contains about three times as much protein as does human milk. Another marked ’difference is the much higher concentration of calcium and other minerals in cow’s milk. One effect of a high concentration of mineral salts is to neutralise to an appreciable extent the acid of the gastric juice (Vere Hodge, 1925).


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: L'importance natriférique de l'acide aminé isoleucine dans the position 3 en est confirmée.
Abstract: En employant des crapauds pour doser l'action des peptides sur la permeabilite de la peau, l'effet hydrosmotique de l'arginine8-vasotocine s'est montre 200 fois plus puissant que celui de l'ornithine8-oxytocine. Ce fait confirme l'importance hydrosmotique de l'acide amine arginine dans la position 8. Tous 2 ont eu un effet natriferique, mais ce ne fut pas le cas de la lysine8-vasopressine et l'ornithine8-vasopressine. L'importance natriferique de l'acide amine isoleucine dans la position 3 en est confirmee.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new disease on an ornamental plant A. amoena is reported and the causal organism is S. rolfsii, which appears to exhibit differences in pathogenicity on two other host plants.
Abstract: This paper reports the occurrence of a new disease on an ornamental plantA. amoena. The causal organism isS. rolfsii, which appears to exhibit differences in pathogenicity on two other host plants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Systematists of knowledge are urged to investigate seriously the intrinsic, practical, and abstract properties of enneametry which may be developed further to meet the demands of information recording, storage, and retrieval for all time.
Abstract: The logic of a functional system of classification of variables of any taxon within a matrix of (3 × 3)n cells, codified systematically with numbers and letters is named enneametry. Examples of using enneametry in systematics of fields of knowledge are presented. The natural basis of enneametry in systematics of knowledge is discussed. The adaptability of enneametry in data processing machines with a practicable procedure is illustrated. The value of the principles of enneametry in systematics of complex variables of a qualitative nature is compared with the value of the principles of the abacus in data processing machines. Systematists of knowledge are therefore urged to investigate seriously the intrinsic, practical, and abstract properties of enneametry which may be developed further to meet the demands of information recording, storage, and retrieval for all time.