scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "NEC published in 2008"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a Josephson parametric amplifier consisting of a superconducting coplanar-waveguide resonator terminated by a dc super-conducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is presented.
Abstract: We have developed a Josephson parametric amplifier comprising a superconducting coplanar-waveguide resonator terminated by a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). An external field (the pump, ∼20 GHz) modulates the flux threading of the dc SQUID and, therefore, the resonant frequency of the cavity field (the signal, ∼10 GHz), which leads to the parametric signal amplification. We operated the amplifier at different band centers and observed amplification (17 dB at maximum) and deamplification depending on the relative phase between the pump and the signal. The noise temperature is estimated to be less than 0.87 K.

410 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that PSCA is expressed in differentiating gastric epithelial cells, has a cell-proliferation inhibition activity in vitro and is frequently silenced in gastric cancer.
Abstract: Gastric cancer is classified into intestinal and diffuse types, the latter including a highly malignant form, linitis plastica. A two-stage genome-wide association study (stage 1: 85,576 SNPs on 188 cases and 752 references; stage 2: 2,753 SNPs on 749 cases and 750 controls) in Japan identified a significant association between an intronic SNP (rs2976392) in PSCA (prostate stem cell antigen) and diffuse-type gastric cancer (allele-specific odds ratio (OR) = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.38-1.89, P = 1.11 x 10(-9)). The association was far less significant in intestinal-type gastric cancer. We found that PSCA is expressed in differentiating gastric epithelial cells, has a cell-proliferation inhibition activity in vitro and is frequently silenced in gastric cancer. Substitution of the C allele with the risk allele T at a SNP in the first exon (rs2294008, which has r(2) = 0.995, D' = 0.999 with rs2976392) reduces transcriptional activity of an upstream fragment of the gene. The same risk allele was also significantly associated with diffuse-type gastric cancer in 457 cases and 390 controls in Korea (allele-specific OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.56-2.33, P = 8.01 x 10(-11)). The polymorphism of the PSCA gene, which is possibly involved in regulating gastric epithelial-cell proliferation, influences susceptibility to diffuse-type gastric cancer.

362 citations


Patent
Kenta Yamada1
15 Jul 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a delay library for use in a statistical STA, wherein the delay library provides a delay function that expresses a cell delay value as a function of model parameters of a transistor.
Abstract: A design method for an LSI includes: generating a delay library for use in a statistical STA, wherein the delay library provides a delay function that expresses a cell delay value as a function of model parameters of a transistor; generating a layout data; and calculating a delay value of a target cell based on the delay library and the layout data. The calculating includes: referring to the layout data to extract a parameter specifying a layout pattern around a target transistor; modulating model parameters of the target transistor such that the characteristics corresponding to the extracted parameter is obtained in a circuit simulation; calculating, by using the delay function, a reference delay value of the target cell; and calculating, by using the delay function and the modulation amount of the model parameter, a delay variation from the reference delay value depending on the modulation amount.

217 citations


PatentDOI
Shuhei Maegawa1
TL;DR: A speech recognition method includes a model selection step which selects a recognition model and translation dictionary information based on characteristic information of input speech and a speech recognition step which translates input speech into text data based on the selected recognition model as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A speech recognition method includes a model selection step which selects a recognition model and translation dictionary information based on characteristic information of input speech and a speech recognition step which translates input speech into text data based on the selected recognition model and translation step which translates the text data based on the selected translation dictionary information.

197 citations


Patent
Ryohei Fujimaki1
21 Apr 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a separation surface set storage part stores information defining a plurality of separation surfaces which separate a feature space into at least one known class region and an unknown class region respectively.
Abstract: A separation surface set storage part stores information defining a plurality of separation surfaces which separate a feature space into at least one known class region respectively corresponding to at least one known class and an unknown class region. Each of the at least one known class region is separated from outside region by more than one of the plurality of separation surfaces which do not intersect to each other. A data classification apparatus determine a classification of a classification target data whose inner product in the feature space is calculable by calculating to which region of the at least one known class region and the unknown class region determined by the information stored in the separation surface set storage part the classification target data belongs. A method and apparatus for data classification which can simultaneously perform identification and outlying value classification with high reliability in a same procedure are provided.

178 citations


Patent
Daniele Abbadessa1, Joao Girao1
27 Aug 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for performing delegation of resources, in particular services, wherein a user has access to a resource offered by a service provider and the resource is delegated to at least one other user by using delegation credentials, is characterized in that the method includes the steps of defining authorization rules for the delegate regarding resource access restrictions and registering the authorization rules at an identity provider thereby employing the delegation credentials.
Abstract: A method for performing delegation of resources, in particular services, wherein a user—resource owner—has access to a resource offered by a service provider and wherein the resource is delegated to at least one other user—delegate—by using delegation credentials, is characterized in that the method includes the steps of defining authorization rules for the delegate regarding resource access restrictions and registering the authorization rules at an identity provider thereby employing the delegation credentials, performing an authentication of the delegate at the service provider, and performing an authorization of the delegate at the identity provider based on the authorization rules. Furthermore, a corresponding system is disclosed.

171 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Shunsuke Fukami1, Teruaki Suzuki1, Norikazu Ohshima1, Kiyokazu Nagahara1, Nobuyuki Ishiwata1 
TL;DR: In this paper, current driven domain wall motion in nanostrips with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy was analyzed by using micromagnetic simulation and it was shown that the threshold current density of perpendicular anisotropic strips in adiabatic approximation was much smaller than that of in-plane anishotropy strips, and it reduced with thickness reduction.
Abstract: Current driven domain wall motion in nanostrips with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy was analyzed by using micromagnetic simulation. The threshold current density of perpendicular anisotropy strips in adiabatic approximation was much smaller than that of in-plane anisotropy strips, and it reduced with thickness reduction. The differences originate from the differences in domain wall width and hard-axis anisotropy. Also, the threshold current density of perpendicular anisotropy strips required to depin from a pinning site was quite small although the threshold field of the strips was sufficiently large relative to those of in-plane anisotropy strips.

161 citations


Patent
Takafumi Koshinaka1
27 Nov 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to robustly detect a pronunciation variation example and acquire a variation rule having a high generalization property, with less effort, by using a mixture of a speech data storage unit, a base form pronunciation storage unit and a difference extraction unit.
Abstract: A problem to be solved is to robustly detect a pronunciation variation example and acquire a pronunciation variation rule having a high generalization property, with less effort. The problem can be solved by a pronunciation variation rule extraction apparatus including a speech data storage unit, a base form pronunciation storage unit, a sub word language model generation unit, a speech recognition unit, and a difference extraction unit. The speech data storage unit stores speech data. The base form pronunciation storage unit stores base form pronunciation data representing base form pronunciation of the speech data. The sub word language model generation unit generates a sub word language model from the base form pronunciation data. The speech recognition unit recognizes the speech data by using the sub word language model. The difference extraction unit extracts a difference between a recognition result outputted from the speech recognition unit and the base form pronunciation data by comparing the recognition result and the base form pronunciation data.

160 citations


Patent
Takayuki Oyama1, Naotsugu Watanabe1
05 Mar 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a metal plate is provided at the end of an aperture of a waveguide body in a radiowave traveling direction, which overlaps with the metal cover.
Abstract: A waveguide circuit is provided, in which fixing a metal cover to a waveguide body with screws can prevent radiowave leakage suitably without any application of the conductive adhesive, solder and braze as a material for the radiowave leakage prevention. A metal plate is provided at the end of an aperture of a waveguide body in a radiowave traveling direction and overlaps with the end of a metal cover.

148 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a scheme of quantum teleportation where a receiver has multiple output ports and obtains the teleported state by merely selecting one of the N ports according to the outcome of the sender's measurement is possible by showing an explicit protocol where N pairs of maximally entangled qubits are employed.
Abstract: We consider a scheme of quantum teleportation where a receiver has multiple (N) output ports and obtains the teleported state by merely selecting one of the N ports according to the outcome of the sender's measurement. We demonstrate that such teleportation is possible by showing an explicit protocol where N pairs of maximally entangled qubits are employed. The optimal measurement performed by a sender is the square-root measurement, and a perfect teleportation fidelity is asymptotically achieved for a large N limit. Such asymptotic teleportation can be utilized as a universal programmable processor.

144 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the decay property of the dissipative Timoshenko system in the one-dimensional whole space is studied and the decay structure is of the regularity-loss type.
Abstract: We study the decay property of the dissipative Timoshenko system in the one-dimensional whole space. We derive the L2 decay estimates of solutions in a general situation and observe that this decay structure is of the regularity-loss type. Also, we give a refinement of these decay estimates for some special initial data. Moreover, under enough regularity assumption on the initial data, we show that the solution approaches the linear diffusion wave expressed in terms of the heat kernels as time tends to infinity. The proof is based on the detailed pointwise estimates of solutions in the Fourier space.

Patent
Kojiro Hamabe1, Jinsock Lee1
18 Aug 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a mobile station determines, in accordance with reception quality of a radio signal from a base station, a measurement cycle of a predetermined measurement on a link status and/or on/off of the predetermined measurement and controls execution of the measurement based on the determination.
Abstract: A mobile station determines, in accordance with reception quality of a radio signal from a base station, a measurement cycle of a predetermined measurement on a link status and/or on/off of the predetermined measurement and controls execution of the predetermined measurement based on the determination.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data suggest that RGE1 expression in the endosperm at the heart stage of embryo development plays an important role in controlling embryo growth, and possible involvement of these genes in seed morphology is indicated.
Abstract: We have isolated two dominant mutants from screening approximately 50,000 RIKEN activation-tagging lines that have short inflorescence internodes. The activation T-DNAs were inserted near a putative basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene and expression of this gene was increased in the mutant lines. Overexpression of this bHLH gene produced the original mutant phenotype, indicating it was responsible for the mutants. Specific expression was observed during seed development. The loss-of-function mutation of the RETARDED GROWTH OF EMBRYO1 (RGE1) gene caused small and shriveled seeds. The embryo of the loss-of-function mutant showed retarded growth after the heart stage although abnormal morphogenesis and pattern formation of the embryo and endosperm was not observed. We named this bHLH gene RGE1. RGE1 expression was determined in endosperm cells using the β-glucuronidase reporter gene and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Microarray and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed specific down-regulation of putative GDSL motif lipase genes in the rge1-1 mutant, indicating possible involvement of these genes in seed morphology. These data suggest that RGE1 expression in the endosperm at the heart stage of embryo development plays an important role in controlling embryo growth.

Patent
Sakoh Takashi1
14 Feb 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparing unit consisting of a memory cell with a reference potential supplied by a reference cell to read data of the memory cell, first and second bit lines connected to inputs of the comparing unit, a first memory cell connected to the first bit line, a second memory cell connecting to the second bit line and a dummy cell comprising a coupling capacitor that stabilizes potential of the potential line.
Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises a comparing unit that comprises a potential of a memory cell with a reference potential supplied by a reference cell to read data of the memory cell; first and second bit lines connected to inputs of the comparing unit; a first memory cell connected to the first bit line; a second memory cell connected to the second bit line; a first reference cell acting as the reference cell; a second reference cell acting as another reference cell; a potential line that supplies the reference potential to the first and second reference cells; and a dummy cell comprising a coupling capacitor that stabilizes potential of the potential line.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel solid-electrolyte nonvolatile switch that was developed for programmable large-scale-integration circuits turns on or off when a conducting Cu bridge is formed or dissolved in the solid electrolyte.
Abstract: A novel solid-electrolyte nonvolatile switch that we previously developed for programmable large-scale-integration circuits turns on or off when a conducting Cu bridge is formed or dissolved in the solid electrolyte. Cu+ ion migration and an electrochemical reaction are involved in the switching process. For logic applications, we need to adjust its turn-on voltage (V ON), which was too small to maintain the conductance state during logic operations. In this paper, we clarified that V ON is mainly affected by the rate of Cu+ ion migration in the solid electrolyte. Considering the relationship between the migration rate and V ON, we replaced the former electrolyte, Cu2-alphaS, with Ta2O5, which enabled us to appropriately adjust V ON with a smaller Cu+ ion diffusion coefficient.

Patent
Jun Awano1
12 Feb 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a mobile terminal management system in which mobile terminals can rapidly decide a PMIP operation or CMIP operation in accordance with the policy of a network administrator.
Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a mobile terminal management system in which a mobile terminal can rapidly decide a PMIP operation or CMIP operation in accordance with the policy of a network administrator. According to the present invention, a network notifies a mobile terminal whether or not the mobile terminal is operable with the PMIP function. Moreover, the mobile terminal of the present invention transmits, to the network, notification saying that a use request for CMIP function has been stored in accordance with the policy of a terminal side, such as user setting or service contents, upon connection or hand-over to the access network.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work demonstrated ultra fast BB84 quantum key distribution transmission at 625 MHz clock rate through a 97 km field-installed fiber using practical clock synchronization based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and succeeded in over-one-hour stable key generation.
Abstract: We demonstrated ultra fast BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) transmission at 625 MHz clock rate through a 97 km field-installed fiber using practical clock synchronization based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). We succeeded in over-one-hour stable key generation at a high sifted key rate of 2.4 kbps and a low quantum bit error rate (QBER) of 2.9%. The asymptotic secure key rate was estimated to be 0.78–0.82 kbps from the transmission data with the decoy method of average photon numbers 0, 0.15, and 0.4 photons/pulse.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an effective screening medium is used to characterize the biased interface between platinum and liquid water, revealing the microscopic details of the first, Volmer, step of the platinum-catalyzed hydrogen evolution reaction.
Abstract: The investigation of electrode dynamics has been a major topic in the field of electrochemistry for a century. Electrode dynamics consist of electron transfer reactions that give rise to, or are caused by, a bias voltage, and are influenced by surface catalysis, electrolyte solution, transport of electrons and ions. The first-principles molecular dynamics simulation of the electrochemical system has been hampered by the difficulty to describe the bias voltage and the complex solution-electrode interface structure. Here we utilize a new algorithm called the effective screening medium to characterize the biased interface between platinum and liquid water, revealing the microscopic details of the first, Volmer, step of the platinum-catalyzed hydrogen evolution reaction. By clarifying the important roles played by both the water and the bias, we show why this reaction occurs so efficiently at the interface. Our simulations make a significant step towards a deeper understanding of electrochemical reactions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article proposes a usage control (UCON) based security framework for collaborative applications, by following a layered approach with policy, enforcement, and implementation models, called the PEI framework.
Abstract: Collaborative systems such as Grids provide efficient and scalable access to distributed computing capabilities and enable seamless resource sharing between users and platforms. This heterogeneous distribution of resources and the various modes of collaborations that exist between users, virtual organizations, and resource providers require scalable, flexible, and fine-grained access control to protect both individual and shared computing resources. In this article we propose a usage control (UCON) based security framework for collaborative applications, by following a layered approach with policy, enforcement, and implementation models, called the PEI framework. In the policy model layer, UCON policies are specified with predicates on subject and object attributes, along with system attributes as conditional constraints and user actions as obligations. General attributes include not only persistent attributes such as role and group memberships but also mutable usage attributes of subjects and objects. Conditions in UCON can be used to support context-based authorizations in ad hoc collaborations. In the enforcement model layer, our novel framework uses a hybrid approach for subject attribute acquisition with both push and pull modes. By leveraging attribute propagations between a centralized attribute repository and distributed policy decision points, our architecture supports decision continuity and attribute mutability of the UCON policy model, as well as obligation evaluations during policy enforcement. As a proof-of-concept, we implement a prototype system based on our proposed architecture and conduct experimental studies to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of our approach.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on the water/Pt interface find that a hydrophobic double layer is formed in the contact layer as the surface is biased more strongly.
Abstract: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the water/Pt interface. When the surface is neutral, water is found to form a contact layer directing its O atom toward the surface, i.e., O-down configuration. When the surface is negatively biased, the contact layer shows a significant structural change. The O-down configuration is converted mostly to the H-down configuration. As the surface is biased more strongly, we find that a hydrophobic double layer is formed in the contact layer.

Patent
Daisaku Ogasahara1
13 May 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a node capable of preventing the problems caused by switching between traffic communication paths when a link failure occurs, where the node transmits frames which have been transmitted from a physical port connected to the link, from the virtual port including the physical port, among the virtual ports belonging to virtual port VP 3 allocated to the virtual LAG group.
Abstract: The present invention provides a node capable of preventing the problems caused by switching between traffic communication paths when a link failure occurs. According to an embodiment of the invention, among ports of a node 10 , ports P 1 and P 2 connected to a link between the node 10 and a node 20 are registered in a virtual port VP 1 , and ports P 3 and P 4 connected to a link between the node 10 and the node 30 are registered in a virtual port VP 2 . The virtual ports VP 1 and VP 2 are registered in a virtual port VP 3 allocated to a virtual LAG group. When one link between the node 10 and the node 20 is disconnected, the node 10 transmits frames, which have been transmitted from a physical port connected to the link, from the virtual port including the physical port, among the virtual ports belonging to the virtual port VP 3 allocated to the virtual LAG group.

Patent
Nobuharu Kami1
03 Mar 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a virtual machine configuration system, comprising a virtualizer for, in a virtualization environment in which a plurality of physical resources connected mutually through a network circuit has been arranged on a computer system sectioned into a pluralityof partitions, dynamically changing a physical resource configuration and a VM configuration while simultaneously controlling a configuration of the physical resources of the partition and a virtual resources allotted to virtual machines without exerting an influence over an application service operating on the virtual machine.
Abstract: A virtual machine configuration system, comprising a virtualizer for, in a virtualization environment in which a plurality of physical resources connected mutually through a network circuit has been arranged on a computer system sectioned into a plurality of partitions, dynamically changing a physical resource configuration and a virtual machine configuration while simultaneously controlling a configuration of the physical resources of the partition and a configuration of virtual resources allotted to virtual machines without exerting an influence over an application service operating on the virtual machine.

Patent
Takamichi Inoue1, Yoshikazu Kakura1
18 Jun 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a reference signal sequence assignment method and device are provided by which the influence of inter-cell interference can be reduced and the number of usable cyclic shifted sequences per sector can be increased.
Abstract: A reference signal sequence assignment method and device are provided by which the influence of inter-cell interference can be reduced and the number of usable cyclic shifted sequences per sector can be increased. In a mobile communications system with a structure including multiple cells each including multiple sectors, a sequence assignment method is employed by which pseudo-orthogonal sequences used for reference signals are assigned to cells or sectors. According to this method, the multiple pseudo-orthogonal sequences are assigned to cells or sectors by using multiple repetition patterns.

Patent
Masayuki Nakae1
08 Feb 2008
TL;DR: In this article, each domain is provided with an access right management device which creates a resource sharing policy and performs processing for resource-sharing policy negotiation between a plurality of domain administrators.
Abstract: Each domain is provided with an access right management device which creates a resource-sharing policy and performs processing for resource-sharing policy negotiation between a plurality of domain administrators. An access right management device that has created a resource-sharing policy identifies, for each policy unit included in the resource-sharing policy, an access right management device that is a negotiating partner to negotiate with about the policy unit in question. The access right management device generates negotiation information including an identification name of the identified negotiating-partner access right management device and the policy unit in question and sends the negotiation information to the negotiating-partner access right management device. Only when all policy units are agreed on by respective identified negotiating-partner access right management devices, the resource-sharing policy is set on shared resources.

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Sep 2008-ACS Nano
TL;DR: It is shown that site identification of carboxyl groups is possible by using Pt-ammine complex as a stain to make it easier to add functionalities by chemical modifications for various applications of nanotubes and other nanocarbons.
Abstract: Although chemical functionalization at carboxyl groups of nanocarbons has been vigorously investigated and the identities and quantities of the carboxyl groups have been well studied, the location of carboxyl groups had not previously been clarified Here, we show that site identification of carboxyl groups is possible by using Pt−ammine complex as a stain After Pt−ammine complexes were mixed with graphenes in ethanol, many Pt−ammine complex clusters with an average size of about 06 nm were found to exist at edges of graphene sheets, indicating that the carboxyl groups mainly existed at the graphene edges These results will make it easier to add functionalities by chemical modifications for various applications of nanotubes and other nanocarbons

Patent
29 Aug 2008
TL;DR: A photoresist material comprising a polymer with at least two acrylate derivatives incorporated therein, and a photo-acid generator for generating an acid by exposure, was proposed in this paper.
Abstract: A photoresist material comprising a polymer with at least two acrylate derivatives incorporated therein, and a photo-acid generator for generating an acid by exposure, wherein at least one of the two acrylate derivatives incorporated therein comprises a norbornyl moiety having a lactone structure, and at least one of the two acrylate derivatives comprises an ester-substituted tetracyclododecyl moiety.

Patent
Nobuharu Kami1
27 Mar 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to optimize resource allocation in a virtual computer system using a method consistent with a virtualization design concept, where a plurality of virtual devices share the physical resources of a computer and execute an application.
Abstract: Optimization of resource allocation in a virtual computer system is efficiently performed according to a method consistent with a virtualization design concept. The virtual computer system includes a plurality of virtual devices that share the physical resources of a computer and execute an application, a virtualization section that manages the plurality of virtual devices, and a management section that controls the virtualization section. The plurality of virtual devices set allocation of physical resources to the applications by a first optimization calculation using resource supply information from the management section and transmit resource request information corresponding to the resource allocation setting to the management section. The management section sets allocation of the physical resources to the virtual devices by a second optimization calculation using the resource request information from the plurality of virtual devices and transmits resource supply information corresponding to the resource allocation setting to the plurality of virtual devices. While the resource supply information and the resource request information are exchanged between the plurality of virtual devices and the management section, the first and second optimization calculations are performed, thereby dynamically allocating the physical resources.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the initial value problem for a nonlinear version of the dissipative Timoshenko system and employed the time weighed L2 energy method which is combined with the optimal L2 decay estimates for lower order derivatives of solutions.
Abstract: We consider the initial value problem for a nonlinear version of the dissipative Timoshenko system. This syetem verifies the decay property of regularity-loss type. To overcome this difficulty caused by the regularity-loss property, we employ the time weighed L2 energy method which is combined with the optimal L2 decay estimates for lower order derivatives of solutions. Then we show the global existence and asymptotic decay of solutions under smallness and enough regularity conditions on the initial data. Moreover, we show that the solution approaches the linear diffusion wave expressed in terms of the superposition of the heat kernels as time tends to infinity.

Patent
Fumio Machida1
10 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a shared server includes an active virtual machine 41 where a sufficient amount of resources are allocated to an operation of an application system and a standby virtual machine 42 that starts with a minimum amount of resource.
Abstract: A shared server 40 includes an active virtual machine 41 where a sufficient amount of resources are allocated to an operation of an application system and a standby virtual machine 42 that starts with a minimum amount of resources. When it is predicted that a provisioning request is generated, a standby construction determining unit 22 previously executes provisioning on a standby virtual machine 42, and performs a start of an OS and an application or a setting change of a network apparatus. A provisioning determining unit 23 changes the resource allocation amounts of the active virtual machine 41 and the standby virtual machine 42, allocates a sufficient amount of resources to the standby virtual machine 42, registers the standby virtual machine 42 as a target of load balancing in a load balancer 11, and executes provisioning.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the direct observation of the current-driven domain wall motion by magnetic force microscopy in a structured Co/Ni wire with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
Abstract: We report the direct observation of the current-driven domain wall (DW) motion by magnetic force microscopy in a structured Co/Ni wire with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The wire has notches to define the DW position. It is demonstrated that single current pulses can precisely control the DW position from notch to notch with high DW velocity of 40 m/s.