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Showing papers by "New York University published in 1980"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings demonstrate the coexistence of a cholecystokinin-like peptide and dopamine in a population of mesencephalic neurons projecting to limbic areas.

708 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
12 Jun 1980-Nature
TL;DR: Evidence has been obtained that mesencephalic dopamine neurones in the human brain contain similar peptides and the occurrence of peptides in meso-limbic dopamine neurons in the rat brain is described.
Abstract: Vanderhaeghen et al. reported the occurrence of gastrin-like immunoreactivity in the mammalian brain. Subsequent studies have revealed that this immunoreactivity corresponded mainly to the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8), which has a COOH-terminal pentapeptide identical to gastrin. Also, two peptides resembling the NH- and the COOH-terminal tetrapeptide fragments of CCK-8 are present in the central nervous system (CNS). Using COOH-terminal-specific antisera raised to gastrin and/or CCK, the distribution of CCK neurones has been described with immunohistochemical techniques. Although high numbers of cells and nerve terminals are found in cortical areas, the CCK systems are also present in most other parts of the brain and spinal cord. In the CNS, true gastrin molecules, gastrin-17 and gastrin-34 have been located only in the neurohypophysis, hypothalamus and occasionally in the medulla oblongata (unpublished results). We describe here the occurrence of peptides in meso-limbic dopamine neurones in the rat brain. Evidence has also been obtained that mesencephalic dopamine neurones in the human brain contain similar peptides.

693 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the quality of analysts' forecasts as surrogates for the market expectation of earnings and compare it with that of prediction models commonly used in research and find that prediction errors of analysts are more closely associated with security price movements, suggesting that analyst's forecasts provide a better surrogate for market expectations than forecasts generated by time-series models.

651 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The approach of the present paper is to suggest that the basic data structure of perceptual coding consists of two-dimensional laminar mapping, and that successive stages of remapping, along with columnar architecture, may provide important computational functions.

616 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the anisotropy field maintaining the remanent magnetization in the direction of the initial applied field is strongly enhanced by the addition of nonmagnetic Au or Pt impurities.
Abstract: Recent measurements on $\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{Mn}$ spin-glass alloys have revealed that the anisotropy field maintaining the remanent magnetization in the direction of the initial applied field is strongly enhanced by the addition of nonmagnetic Au or Pt impurities. We show that these results can be accounted for by the existence of Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya-type interactions between the Mn spins arising from spin-orbit scattering of the conduction electrons by nonmagnetic impurities. The magnitude of these interactions is surprisingly large.

566 citations


Book
01 Jun 1980

518 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
21 Nov 1980-Science
TL;DR: It is shown that dorsal root ganglion neurons go through a phase of nerve growth factor dependence in vivo and are destroyed in rats and guinea pigs immunized with mouse nerve growthFactor.
Abstract: Rats and guinea pigs, when immunized with mouse nerve growth factor, produce antibodies that cross-react with their own nerve growth factor. The antibodies reach developing offspring of these animals both prenatally (rats and guinea pigs) and postnatally (rats). Depriving the fetus of nerve growth factor in this way results in the destruction of up to 85 percent of dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as destruction of sympathetic neurons. Sensory neurons of placodal origin in the nodose ganglion were not affected. These data demonstrate that dorsal root ganglion neurons go through a phase of nerve growth factor dependence in vivo.

494 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jan 1980-Science
TL;DR: Hybrid cells secreting antibodies against sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei were obtained by fusion of plasmacytoma cells with immune murine spleen cells with monoclonal antibodies bound to a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 44,000 (Pb44), which envelopes the surface membrane of sporozoite.
Abstract: Hybrid cells secreting antibodies against sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei were obtained by fusion of plasmacytoma cells with immune murine spleen cells. The monoclonal antibodies bound to a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 44,000 (Pb44), which envelopes the surface membrane of sporozoites. Incubation of sporozoites in vitro with antibodies to Pb44 abolished their infectivity.

480 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
12 Dec 1980-Science
TL;DR: Thirty-two linear regression equations predict the frequency composition of the electroencephalogram within four frequency bands, for four bilateral regions of the brain, as a function of age.
Abstract: Thirty-two linear regression equations predict the frequency composition of the electroencephalogram within four frequency bands, for four bilateral regions of the brain, as a function of age. Equations based on such data from large groups of healthy children in the United States and Sweden are closely similar. These equations describe the development of the electrical activity of the normal human brain, independent of cultural, ethnic, socioeconomic, or sex factors.

455 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Regional deposition of inhaled particles was studied experimentally in a hollow cast of the human larynx-tracheobronchial tree extending through the first six branching levels, and in twenty-six non-smoker human volunteers in vivo, indicating a linear dependence of particle deposition efficiency on the Stokes number for aerosols with aerodynamic diameters greater than 2 micrometers.
Abstract: Regional deposition of inhaled particles was studied experimentally in a hollow cast of the human larynx-tracheobronchial tree extending through the first six branching levels, and in twenty-six non-smoker human volunteers in vivo. Results of the hollow cast study indicated a linear dependence of particle deposition efficiency on the Stokes number for aerosols with aerodynamic diameters greater than 2 micrometers. Alveolar and total respiratory tract in vitro deposition in healthy non-smokers was minimal for particles of approximately 0.4 micrometers, and alveolar deposition for mouthpieces inhalations peaked for particles of approximately 3 micrometers. A new anatomic parameter, the bronchial deposition size (BDS), is introduced to permit the classification of various individuals and populations according to their tracheobronchial deposition efficiencies. The average BDS's were 1.20 cm for 26 healthy non-smokers, 1.02 cm for 46 cigarette smokers, 0.90 cm for 19 clinical patients being treated for obstructive lung disease and 0.60 cm for six severely disabled patients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The tensorial approach suggests that the ‘covariant analysis’ and ‘contravariant synthesis’, via metric tensor, may be a general principle of the organization of the CNS.

Journal ArticleDOI
Natan Andrei1
TL;DR: In this paper, the Kondo Hamiltonian was exactly diagonalized with use of a modified Bethe Ansatz, and the zero-temperature magnetic susceptibility was also calculated, which is the state of the art.
Abstract: The Kondo Hamiltonian is exactly diagonalized with use of a modified Bethe Ansatz. The zero-temperature magnetic susceptibility is also calculated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A prospective collaborative study was conducted in five centers during a 13-year period to identify factors that influence the development of visual-field defects (GVFDs) of open angle glaucoma, and found their collective predictive power to be undesirably poor.
Abstract: • A prospective collaborative study was conducted in five centers during a 13-year period to identify factors that influence the development of visual-field defects (GVFDs) of open angle glaucoma. In 5,000 subjects, GVFDs developed in only 1.7% of eyes. Statistical analysis of 26 factors at first examination identified five that were significantly related to the development of GVFDs—outflow facility, age, applanation pressure, cup-disc ratio, and pressure change after water drinking. Their absolute initial value, and not its change with time, was the important predictor. Multivariate analysis showed their collective predictive power to be undesirably poor, indicating that other factors must play an important role in the development of GVFDs. Mortality-table analysis indicated that during a period of five years, 98.54% of eyes with initial pressure less than 20 mm Hg continued to be free from GVFDs as compared with 93.34% of those with pressure 20 mm Hg or greater.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1980-Blood
TL;DR: ADP-induced binding of fibrinogen correlates with platelet aggregability, and the specific and saturable nature of the platelet-fibr inogen interaction is confirmed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fibronectin (Fn) is a widely accepted designation for both plasma and cell associated forms of this protein and will be used throughout this review to represent both states of the protein.
Abstract: In 1948, MORRISON and co-workers demonstrated the co-precipitation of a high molecular weight plasma protein with cryofibrinogen following incubation in the cold 1. This protein was designated cold insoluble globulin (CIG). In 1973-1974 several laboratories using various techniques, made the independent observation that fibroblasts growing in tissue culture possessed a high molecular weight protein on their cell surface 2-7. CIG and this cell surface associated protein were established by immunological criteria to be identical a and subsequently by biochemical analysis to be very similar but to possess subtle differences in structure and function (see below). Fibronectin (Fn) is a widely accepted designation for both plasma and cell associated forms of this protein 9 and will be used throughout this review to represent both states of the protein. Differences between the two forms will be indicated where appropriate. Several reviews 1° 13 have extensively covered Fn and some degree of overlap has been unavoidable. However, the rapidly expanding attention and research effort devoted to this protein has allowed us to focus on more recent information and insights.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Positive symptoms of schizophrenia were diminished by neuroleptics and increased by amphetamine and accounted for most of the change seen in the total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and new ideas about the role of dopamine in schizophrenia are discussed.
Abstract: Positive symptoms of schizophrenia were diminished by neuroleptics and increased by amphetamine and accounted for most of the change seen in the total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Negative symptoms in the same subjects were not affected by neuroleptics but increased after amphetamines to a degree that just attained statistical significance. This increase was due to one item (emotional withdrawal) of the negative symptom factor which responded to neuroleptics and amphetamines as did positive symptoms. These findings are discussed with respect to new ideas about the role of dopamine in schizophrenia.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results from a survey of 30,650 dentists and 30,547 chairside assistants suggest that long-term exposure to trace anesthetics in the dental operatory can be associated with increased general health problems and reproductive difficulties.
Abstract: Results from a survey of 30,650 dentists and 30,547 chairside assistants suggest that long-term exposure to trace anesthetics in the dental operatory can be associated with increased general health problems and reproductive difficulties. Incidences of spontaneous abortion, congenital abnormalities in offspring, cancer, liver disease, and kidney disease were compared among exposed, nonexposed, and indirectly exposed persons.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Tyrosine hydroxylase was purified from pheochromocytoma PC-12 cloned cells by a short and gentle procedure and immunotitration data show that the antiserum to rat TH reduces theActivity of the homologous enzyme more effectively than the activity of the heterologous enzymes.
Abstract: Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was purified from pheochromocytoma PC-12 cloned cells by a short and gentle procedure. The enzyme was isolated in pure form and has a molecular weight of approximately 210,000-220,000. SDS electrophoresis yields one single protein band with a molecular weight of approximately 62,000. Antiserum to rat pheochromocytoma TH was obtained in rabbits and immunotitration data show that the antiserum to rat TH reduces the activity of the homologous enzyme more effectively than the activity of the heterologous enzyme. The activity of purified TH is stimulated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylating system (PKP system), and the highest percentage of stimulation is obtained when the enzyme activity is measured at physiological pH’s. The stimulation of the purified enzyme by the PKP system results in a reduction of the apparent Km for the cofactor 6-MePH4 and in an increase of the Ki for dopamine. Incubation of purified TH with the PKP system and [32P]ATP, resulted in incorporation of radioactivity into the 62,000 subunit of the enzyme.

Journal ArticleDOI
14 Mar 1980-Science
TL;DR: There was more gray matter relative to white matter in the left hemisphere than in the right, particularly in the frontal and precentral regions, which suggests that the organization of theleft hemisphere, relative to that of theright, emphasizes processing or transfer within regions, or both, rather than transfer across regions.
Abstract: The distribution of gray matter in the two cerebral hemispheres was determined by the xenon-133 inhalation method. There was more gray matter relative to white matter in the left hemisphere than in the right, particularly in the frontal and precentral regions. This finding suggests that the organization of the left hemisphere, relative to that of the right, emphasizes processing or transfer within regions, or both, rather than transfer across regions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review will be limited to gaseous and heavy metal pollutants, although it is clearly recognized that the toxicity of other pollutants, such as polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) polychlorinated biphetamines (PCBs), insecticides, components of oil spills, etc., are also influenced by abiotic environmental factors.
Abstract: (1980). Environmental Factors that Influence the Toxicity of Heavy Metal and Gaseous Pollutants to Microorganisms. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 99-145.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1980-Cell
TL;DR: The asymmetric surface localization of viral glycoproteins suggests that these proteins share with intrinsic surface proteins of epithelial cells common biogenetic mechanisms and informational features or "sorting out" signals that determine their compartmentalization in the plasma membrane.

Journal ArticleDOI
Peter Unger1

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Drawings and photographs of shape, symmetry, and proportion of maxillary central incisors were evaluated by 112 dentists, 215 dental sutdents, 399 male patients, and 695 female patients and male and female patients had similar opinions.
Abstract: When male and female patients, dental students, and dentists evaluated drawings and photographs of maxillary central incisors of varying shape, symmetry, and proportion, it was found that the preferences of dentists and patients differed significantly.

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Sep 1980-Science
TL;DR: Transformation provides an in vivo assay for the functional role of DNA sequence organization about specific genes and may provide a general approach to the analysis of complex heritable phenotypes by permitting the distinction between phenotypic changes without concomitant changes in DNA and functional genetic rearrangements.
Abstract: Transformation, or DNA-mediated gene transfer, permits the introduction of new genetic information into a cell and frequently results in a change in phenotype. The transforming DNA is ultimately integrated into a recipient cell chromosome. No unique chromosomal locations are apparent, different lines contain the transforming DNA on different chromosomes. Expression of transformed genes frequently results in the synthesis of new polypeptide products which restore appropriate mutant cells to the wild-type phenotype. Thus transformation provides an in vivo assay for the functional role of DNA sequence organization about specific genes. Transforming genes coding for selectable functions, such as adenine phosphoribosyltransferase or thymidine kinase, have now been isolated by utilizing transformation in concert with molecular cloning. Finally, transformation may provide a general approach to the analysis of complex heritable phenotypes by permitting the distinction between phenotypic changes without concomitant changes in DNA and functional genetic rearrangements.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The protein lacks in this mutant appear not to be associated with discrete deficiencies of specific structural components but rather with a variety of quantitative changes and irregularity of form.
Abstract: The spinal cord, optic nerves, and cerebellum of the mouse mutant Shiverer were examined by electron microscopy of thin sections. Although central nervous system myelin is grossly deficient in amount, none of its basic structural elements are missing. Regions of compact myelin can be found composed of several layers of alternating major dense lines and intermediate lines repeating with normal periodicity. The "radial component" consisting of periodic thickenings of the intermediate line aligned through several lamellae was also identified. Axoglial junctions characteristic of the type found in paranodal regions are present in greater than normal numbers but occur in aberrant locations. Myelin sheaths have marked reduced numbers of lamellae, which often contain cytoplasm, terminate in cytoplasmic "loops" within and around myelin sheaths, and do not completely encircle axons. In addition, membranous debris appears within neuronal and glial profiles, suggesting some degree of myelin breakdown. Thus, the protein lacks in this mutant appear not to be associated with discrete deficiencies of specific structural components but rather with a variety of quantitative changes and irregularity of form.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that the organizational environment does not have an influence upon the level of decentralization of information services and further research relating organizational form to its impact on information services is suggested.
Abstract: Although much has been written about the centralization versus decentralization of information services, relatively little is known about how the structure of an organization influences the level of centralization or decentralization. This paper presents the results of a study which examined the organizational context of the information services function. The authors attempted to identify those organizational characteristics that are associated with the structure of the information services function. It was found that the organizational environment does not have an influence upon the level of decentralization of information services. Few organizational characteristics, however, ere found to influence the structure of information services consistently across all organizations. Further research relating organizational form to its impact on information services is suggested.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is believed Langerhans cells may function in antigen presentation, lymphokine production, provision of a microenvironment for T lymphocytes, and prostaglandin secretion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A learning style theory has been used for theory building, research, and to provide pedagogical advice as discussed by the authors, which has not supported the theory and suggests its normative use should be suspended.
Abstract: A learning style theory [Kolb, 1971] has been used for theory building, research, and to provide pedagogical advice. Supporting evidence comes from an unreliable instrument designed so that its results spuriously corroborate the theory. Independent research has not supported the theory and suggests its normative use should be suspended.