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Showing papers by "New York University published in 1983"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews some of the recent developments in upstream difference schemes through a unified representation, in order to enable comparison between the various schemes.
Abstract: This paper reviews some of the recent developments in upstream difference schemes through a unified representation, in order to enable comparison between the various schemes. Special attention is given to the Godunov-type schemes that result from using an approximate solution of the Riemann problem. For schemes based on flux splitting, the approximate Riemann solution can be interpreted as a solution of the collisionless Boltzmann equation.

3,133 citations


Posted Content
TL;DR: A survey of production managers is used to provide additional support for the instrument, eliminate scales that are psychometrically unsound, and develop a standard short form for use when only an overall assessment of information satisfaction is required and survey time is limited.
Abstract: This paper criticallyreviews measures of user information satisfaction and selectsone for replication and extension. Asurvey of production managers isused to provide additional supportfor the instrument, eliminate scalesthat are psychometrically unsound,and develop a standard short formfor use when only an overallassessment of informationsatisfaction is required and surveytime is limited.

1,806 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of production managers is used to provide additional support for the instrument, eliminate scales that are psychometrically unsound, and develop a standard short form for use when only an overall assessment of information satisfaction is required and survey time is limited.
Abstract: This paper critically reviews measures of user information satisfaction and selects one for replication and extension. A survey of production managers is used to provide additional support for the instrument, eliminate scales that are psychometrically unsound, and develop a standard short form for use when only an overall assessment of information satisfaction is required and survey time is limited.

1,607 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Jacob Cohen1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the consequences of dichotomization in measurement applications and show that the costs in variance accounted for and in power are even larger than in real data, since methods are available for making use of all the original scaling information.
Abstract: to discarding 38% and 60% of the cases under representative conditions. As dichotomization departs from the mean, the costs in variance accounted for and in power are even larger. Consequences of this practice in measurement applications are considered. These losses may not be quite so large in real data, but since methods are available for making use of all the original scaling information, there is no reason to sustain them.

1,395 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The variability of the discharge of visual cortical neurons in cats and macaque monkeys limits the reliability with which such neurons can relay signals about weak visual stimuli.

1,005 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simplified cognitive model is proposed to assess the dynamic aspect of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction in consecutive purchase behavior, which is found to have a significant role in consumer satisfaction.
Abstract: A simplified cognitive model is proposed to assess the dynamic aspect of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction in consecutive purchase behavior. Satisfaction is found to have a significant role in ...

979 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of organizational learning systems is proposed and developed, which are the mechanisms by which learning is perpetuated and institutionalized in organizations, and they are used as a basis for developing a typology of learning systems.
Abstract: This paper synthesizes research on the organizational learning phenomenon. The concept of organizational learning systems is proposed and developed. Learning systems are the mechanisms by which learning is perpetuated and institutionalized in organizations. Findings from an exploratory study of organizational learning are used as a basis for developing a typology of organizational learning systems.

918 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Bethe-ansatz approach to the solution of various versions of the Kondo problem is described and a review covers in great detail how Bethe can be used to solve various Kondo problems.
Abstract: This review covers in great detail the Bethe-ansatz approach to the solution of various versions of the Kondo problem.

808 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examined the construct validity of three scales that purport to measure work conflict, family conflict, and interrole conflict, using a nomological network and empirical results from two studies.

774 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The design for the NYU Ultracomputer is presented, a shared-memory MIMD parallel machine composed of thousands of autonomous processing elements that uses an enhanced message switching network with the geometry of an Omega-network to approximate the ideal behavior of Schwartz's paracomputers model of computation.
Abstract: We present the design for the NYU Ultracomputer, a shared-memory MIMD parallel machine composed of thousands of autonomous processing elements. This machine uses an enhanced message switching network with the geometry of an Omega-network to approximate the ideal behavior of Schwartz's paracomputer model of computation and to implement efficiently the important fetch-and-add synchronization primitive. We outine the hardware that would be required to build a 4096 processor system using 1990's technology. We also discuss system software issues, and present analytic studies of the network performance. Finally, we include a sample of our effort to implement and simulate parallel variants of important scientific programs.

708 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that cutting-planes related to the facets of the underlying polytope are an indispensable tool for the exact solution of this class of problem.
Abstract: In this paper we report on the solution to optimality of 10 large-scale zero-one linear programming problems. All problem data come from real-world industrial applications and are characterized by sparse constraint matrices with rational data. About half of the sample problems have no apparent special structure; the remainder show structural characteristics that our computational procedures do not exploit directly. By today's standards, our methodology produced impressive computational results, particularly on sparse problems having no apparent special structure. The computational results on problems with up to 2,750 variables strongly confirm our hypothesis that a combination of problem preprocessing, cutting planes, and clever branch-and-bound techniques permit the optimization of sparse large-scale zero-one linear programming problems, even those with no apparent special structure, in reasonable computation times. Our results indicate that cutting-planes related to the facets of the underlying polytope are an indispensable tool for the exact solution of this class of problem. To arrive at these conclusions, we designed an experimental computer system PIPX that uses the IBM linear programming system MPSX/370 and the IBM integer programming system MIP/370 as building blocks. The entire system is automatic and requires no manual intervention.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: NPY seems to be a major peptide in the sympathetic nervous system, supporting its proposed role in sympathetic neurotransmission, and is also observed in the adrenal medulla of guinea-pig and cat.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined empirically stock market seasonality in major industrialized countries and provided evidence that there are strong seasonalities in the stock market return distributions in most of the capital markets around the world.

Journal ArticleDOI
Snir1
TL;DR: An asymptotic analysis of the performance of unbuffered banyan networks is presented, thereby solving a problem left open by Patel.
Abstract: This paper studies the performance of unbuffered and buffered, packet-switching, multistage interconnection networks. We begin by reviewing the definition of banyan networks and introducing some generalizations of them. We then present an asymptotic analysis of the performance of unbuffered banyan networks, thereby solving a problem left open by Patel. We analyze the performance of the unbuffered generalized banyan networks, and compare networks with approximately equivalent hardware complexity. Finally, we analyze the performance of buffered banyan networks and again compare networks with approximately equivalent hardware complexity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Career Exploration Survey (CES) as discussed by the authors is a survey based on theories of exploration, stress, motivation, and career preference, which is intended to facilitate further theory development and empirical research on how exploration affects career decisions, development, and job outcomes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A framework for discussing SID is presented in terms of three critical components: inputs, process characteristics and outputs, and the major implications highlight the theoretical significance of SID for understanding strategic decision making.
Abstract: This paper calls attention to a central but neglected process in strategic decision making, i.e. strategic issue diagnosis (SID). A framework for discussing SID is presented in terms of three critical components: inputs, process characteristics and outputs. The framework is illustrated in the context of PIMS and BCG, two widely recognized strategy models. The major implications highlight the theoretical significance of SID for understanding strategic decision making.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Certain neurons in the brain are specifically and intensely stained by a histochemical method which demonstrates nicotinamide adenine dinucleo‐tide phosphate NADPH‐diaphorase activity, finding that within the striatum all of the neurons that were selectively stained by this technique also contained both somatostatin‐ and APP‐like immunoreactivities.
Abstract: Certain neurons in the brain are specifically and intensely stained by a histochemical method which demonstrates nicotinamide adenine dinucleo-tide phosphate NADPH-diaphorase activity. The cell types containing this enzyme in certain areas of the rat forebrain were examined by combining NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry with the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Neurons containing somatostatin- or avian pancreatic polypep-tide (APP)-like immunoreactivities were found throughout the forebrain including the striatum and neocortex. These two neuropeptides were also found to coexist in many telencephalic neurons. After photography, the sections processed for immunohistochemistry were stained for NADPH-diaphorase activity by a histochemical method. It was found that within the striatum all of the neurons that were selectively stained by this technique also contained both somatostatin- and APP-like immunoreactivities. Also in the neocortex NADPH-diaphorase was found only in those neurons displaying somatostatin- or APP-like immunoreactivity. In other brain regions such as the nucleus laterodorsalis tegmenti, NADPH-diaphorase-containing cells did not contain these neuropeptides. The results indicate that NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry provides a simple, reliable, histochemical method to demonstrate those striatal neurons in which somatostatin- and APP-like immunoreactivities coexist. The selective occurrence of this enzyme within these neurons may provide a useful target for pharmacological studies of these neuropeptide-containing cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings suggest that specific keratin classes, as defined by monoclonal antibodies, may serve as useful markers for different types of epithelial differentiation (simple versus stratified, keratinized versus nonkeratinized).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the exact thermodynamic equations of the Coqblin-Schrieffer model were solved in the scaling regime and the impurity susceptibility and specific heat curves were obtained as a function of temperature for zero field and for impurity spin.
Abstract: The exact thermodynamic equations of the Coqblin-Schrieffer model are solved in the scaling regime and the impurity susceptibility and specific-heat curves are obtained as a function of temperature for zero field and for the impurity spin $J=\frac{1}{2},\dots{},\frac{7}{2}$. The strong dependences of the numerical results on the impurity spin are discussed in terms of a noninteracting Fermi-liquid model.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The nucleus basalis magnocellularis, a group of cholinesterase-reactive neurons in the ventromedial corner of the globus pallidus of the rat, exhibited a severe deficit in the retention of a passive avoidance response, and the development of animal models for disorders involving cortical cholinergic deficiencies, including senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type is discussed.
Abstract: The nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) is the name given to a group of cholinesterase-reactive neurons in the ventromedial corner of the globus pallidus of the rat. This cell group appears to be the major extrinsic source of cortical acetylcholine and is believed to be homologous to the nucleus basalis of Meynert in primates. The excitotoxin ibotenic acid (2.4 g/0.4l) was infused bilaterally into the ventromedial globus pallidus. These lesions depleted frontal cortical choline acetyltransferase (CAT) by a third. Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsolateral globus pallidus did not effect cortical CAT activity. Neither lesion affected the rats' performance on a battery of psychomotor tasks or on tests of shock sensitivity. Rats with NBM lesions were mildly impaired in the acquisition of a one-way active avoidance response, but did not differ from the other groups on extinction of the task. The NBM lesioned rats exhibited a severe deficit in the retention of a passive avoidance response. This effect was visible both 24 hours and one hour after training. Experimental controls suggested that the poor performance of the NBM lesioned rats involves a deficit in learning and/or memory of the training trial. Lesions of the dorsolateral globus pallidus also produced an impairment of passive avoidance retention, but this impairment was not as severe as that following NBM lesions. These results are discussed as they relate to the behavioral role of cholinergic innervation of the cortex, and the development of animal models for disorders involving cortical cholinergic deficiencies, including senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An inversion algorithm, involving a linear least-squares method, is developed to analyze the intensity data obtained by application of the traveling knife-edge method, and diameters can be measured to an accuracy of 0.05%.
Abstract: An inversion algorithm, involving a linear least-squares method, is developed to analyze the intensity data obtained by application of the traveling knife-edge method. Through use of simulated intensity data, diameters can be measured to an accuracy of 0.05%. The method also yields good results when it is applied to He–Ne laser beam data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider how estimates of the market model beta parameter can be biased by friction in the trading process (information, decision, and transaction costs) that leads to a distinction between observed and true returns, and thereby introduces serial cross-correlation into security returns.

Journal ArticleDOI
A.R. Blight1
TL;DR: Morphological correlates of paralysis in chronic injuries included severe reduction of axonal number, selective elimination of large fibers, and sustained dysmyelination, and any one or combination of these may be responsible for chronic paralysis in individual animals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings are consistent with the concept that the nonserrated basal keratinocytes may represent stem cells that give rise to suprabasally located, transient amplifying cells before undergoing terminal differentiation in monkey palm epidermal stem cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of the pattern of the magnetic field showed that the sources of N2 and P3 lay deep in the brain within the hippocampal formation, similar to the commonly observed N2-P3 complex.


Patent
06 Oct 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and apparatus for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea wherein a continuous positive pressure is supplied to a nose mask from a threshold valve via a flexible tube, and air is discharged from the mask via vent holes in the mask for rapid discharge of exhaled air.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea wherein a continuous positive pressure is supplied to a nose mask from a threshold valve via a flexible tube, and air is discharged from the mask via vent holes in the mask for rapid discharge of exhaled air.

Journal ArticleDOI
Renata Maas1
01 Nov 1983-Plasmid
TL;DR: By introducing a simple modification of existing methods, colony hybridization has been used to detect single copy genes coding for a heat-stable enterotoxin in wild-type strains isolated from patients with diarrhea.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that CS proteins are among the most immunogenic constituents of sporozoites, and that a single region of these molecules contains most of the immunogenic activity.
Abstract: We have used panels of monoclonal antibodies to circumsporozoite (CS) proteins of Plasmodium falciparium, P vivax, and P knowlesi to determine the number of topographically independent epitopes of these antigens The results of competition binding assays indicated that single regions of the CS molecules were recognized by the homologous monoclonal antibodies Competition binding assays were also used to study the specificity of antibodies contained in the sera of humans and monkeys that had developed sterile immunity after immunization with irradiated, intact sporozoites We found that single monoclonal antibodies inhibited 70-95% of the specific binding of the polyclonal antibodies to crude extracts of sporozoites It appears, therefore, that CS proteins are among the most immunogenic constituents of sporozoites, and that a single region of these molecules contains most of the immunogenic activity An additional finding was that the immunodominant region of CS molecules is multivalent with regard to the expression of a single epitope This was demonstrated by the ability of monomers of CS proteins to bind simultaneously two or more molecules of the same monoclonal antibody

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1983-Chest
TL;DR: It is concluded that the wide use of these catheters is justified, but only if there is a probability that the catheter will significantly contribute to the management of the individual patient.