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Showing papers by "Newcastle University published in 1979"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography showed that almost identical and very characteristic polar lipid patterns were given by all the organisms under study: the only major components were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosph atidylinositol and two phospho-glycolipids chromatographing similarly to, but distinguishable from, the mono- and diacyl phosphatidolinositols characteristic of Nocardia and other actinomycetes.
Abstract: Strains representing the taxa Cellulomonas, Oerskovia, Brevibacterium fermentans, Corynebacterium manihot and Nocardia cellulans were degraded by acid methanolysis and the non-hydroxylated fatty acid esters released examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography. The major fatty acid in all strains was 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (anteiso C15) which occurred together with other anteiso acids, iso and straight-chain acids. The fatty acid profiles of the cellulomonads were distinguished by the presence of 13-carbon acids and significantly higher proportions of straight-chain acids than found in the other test strains whose profiles were closely similar to one another. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography showed that almost identical and very characteristic polar lipid patterns were given by all the organisms under study: the only major components were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two phospho-glycolipids chromatographing similarly to, but distinguishable from, the mono- and diacyl phosphatidylinositol dimannosides characteristic of Nocardia and other actinomycetes. The accumulated lipid data support the reclassification of B. fermentans, Cor. manihot and N. cellulans in the genus Oerskovia.

874 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed 150 samples for up to 40 major and trace elements and the results used to place constraints on the petrogenesis of the erupted basalts and hence on the geochemical nature of their source regions.
Abstract: IPOD Leg 49 recovered basalts from 9 holes at 7 sites along 3 transects across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: 63°N (Reykjanes), 45°N and 36°N (FAMOUS area). This has provided further information on the nature of mantle heterogeneity in the North Atlantic by enabling studies to be made of the variation of basalt composition with depth and with time near critical areas (Iceland and the Azores) where deep mantle plumes are thought to exist. Over 150 samples have been analysed for up to 40 major and trace elements and the results used to place constraints on the petrogenesis of the erupted basalts and hence on the geochemical nature of their source regions. It is apparent that few of the recovered basalts have the geochemical characteristics of typical “depleted” midocean ridge basalts (MORB). An unusually wide range of basalt compositions may be erupted at a single site: the range of rare earth patterns within the short section cored at Site 413, for instance, encompasses the total variation of REE patterns previously reported from the FAMOUS area. Nevertheless it is possible to account for most of the compositional variation at a single site by partial melting processes (including dynamic melting) and fractional crystallization. Partial melting mechanisms seem to be the dominant processes relating basalt compositions, particularly at 36°N and 45°N, suggesting that long-lived sub-axial magma chambers may not be a consistent feature of the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparisons of basalts erupted at the same ridge segment for periods of the order of 35 m.y. (now lying along the same mantle flow line) do show some significant inter-site differences in Rb/Sr, Ce/Yb, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, etc., which cannot be accounted for by fractionation mechanisms and which must reflect heterogeneities in the mantle source. However when hygromagmatophile (HYG) trace element levels and ratios are considered, it is the constancy or consistency of these HYG ratios which is the more remarkable, implying that the mantle source feeding a particular ridge segment was uniform with respect to these elements for periods of the order of 35 m.y. and probably since the opening of the Atlantic. Yet these HYG element ratios at 63°N are very different from those at 45°N and 36°N and significantly different from the values at 22°N and in “MORB”. The observed variations are difficult to reconcile with current concepts of mantle plumes and binary mixing models. The mantle is certainly heterogeneous, but there is not simply an “enriched” and a “depleted” source, but rather a range of sources heterogeneous on different scales for different elements — to an extent and volume depending on previous depletion/enrichment events. HYG element ratios offer the best method of defining compositionally different mantle segments since they are little modified by the fractionation processes associated with basalt generation.

298 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two tests are described, using the weaverbird quelea, of the proposed early warning function of flocking in birds, which shows that larger flocks detect a predator sooner than single birds.

236 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
C.J. Hull1
TL;DR: In this article, it has been revealed that highly variable data from physiological, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic studies, in contrast to errors in measurement, have their origins in nonlinear dynamical systems that can be described by chaos theory.
Abstract: Many physiological systems appear to present data that is random or without order. The origins of this disorder are often attributed to variability introduced by the multifactorial determinants of the ­system. This classical view of physiological randomness has also been widely discussed in quantitative pharmacological systems. However, since the early 1990s it has been revealed that highly variable data from physiological, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic studies, in contrast to errors in measurement, have their origins in nonlinear dynamical systems that can be described by chaos theory (Goldberger 1989, 1996; Goldberger et al. 1990; Tallarida 1990a, b; van Rossum and de Bie 1991; Dokoumetzidis et al. 2001, 2002; Mager and Abernethy 2007).

235 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objectives of spatial point pattern analsis are discussed with particular reference to the distinction between mapped and sampled data, and a simulation studA of several tests of spatial randonlness is intended to provide some insight into the suitability for model-fitting of various summasy descriptions of a mapped pattern.
Abstract: The paper discusses the objectives of spatial point pattern analsis with particular reference to the distinction between mapped and sampled data. For the former case available nlodels are reviewed briefly the role of preliminary testing is discussed and a procedure for ftting a parametric sslodel is outlined. A simulation studA of several tests of spatial randonlness is intended to provide some insight into the suitability for model-fitting of various summasy descriptions of a mapped pattern. Two examples illustrate the use of the statistical techniques. Soss1e problem areas which-merit further investigation are identified.

229 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a general method for estimating the proportions of a finite compound distribution is suggested, based on direct estimation of the likelihood ratio, which is robust and applicable to a number of families of distributions.
Abstract: SUMMARY A general method for estimating the proportions of a finite compound distribution is suggested, based on direct estimation of the likelihood ratio. The only distributional assumption is that the log likelihood ratio is linear in the observations and hence the method is robust and applicable to a number of families of distributions. Sample points are required from each component distribution and from the compound. In particular, the method handles continuous and discrete data with equal facility. Only a moderate number of parameters need estimation so that problems in quite high dimensions can be solved. The method can be used to update logistic discriminant functions using data points whose parent populations are unknown.

135 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

129 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a linear analysis is used to study the stability of a rapidly rotating, electricallyconducting, self-gravitating fluid sphere of radius r 0, containing a uniform distribution of heat sources and under the influence of an azimuthal magnetic field whose strength is proportional to the distance from the rotation axis.
Abstract: A linear analysis is used to study the stability of a rapidly rotating, electrically-conducting, self-gravitating fluid sphere of radius r 0, containing a uniform distribution of heat sources and under the influence of an azimuthal magnetic field whose strength is proportional to the distance from the rotation axis The Lorentz force is of a magnitude comparable with that of the Coriolis force and so convective motions are fully three-dimensional, filling the entire sphere We are primarily interested in the limit where the ratio q of the thermal diffusivity κ to the magnetic diffusivity η is much smaller than unity since this is possibly of the greatest geophysical relevance Thermal convection sets in when the temperature gradient exceeds some critical value as measured by the modified Rayleigh number Rc The critical temperature gradient is smallest (Rc reaches a minimum) when the magnetic field strength parameter Λ ≃ 1 [Rc and Λ are defined in (23)] The instability takes the form of a very

109 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary experiments show that [3H]DHA binding to thymocytes demonstrated the kinetics, affinity and stereospecificity expected of binding to adenylate cyclase‐coupled β adrenoceptors.
Abstract: Thymocytes have been studied at various stages during ontogeny in relation to their responsiveness to β adrenoceptor agonists and ability to bind L-[propyl-2,3-3H]dihy-droalprenolol ([3H]DHA), a specific radioligand of the β adrenoceptor. Specific [3H]DHA binding and the activity of an isoproterenol-sensitive adenylate cyclase were compared and correlated between (14 to 20-day) fetal mouse thymocytes and young adult thymocytes. Preliminary experiments show that [3H]DHA binding to thymocytes demonstrated the kinetics, affinity and stereospecificity expected of binding to adenylate cyclase-coupled β adrenoceptors. Similarly, isoproterenol was shown to selectively increase intracellular adenosine 3′: 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels and was antagonized by propranolol (a β adrenoceptor antagonist), but not by phentolamine (an a adrenoceptor antagonist), nor by lignocaine (a local anesthetic). The rises in fetal thymocyte cAMP levels found after stimulation with isoproterenol were of greater magnitude than in adult thymocytes. The number of [3H] DHA-binding sites in both fetal and adult thymocytes was the same (Bmax = 50 fmol/2 × 106 cells). However, the affinity of the binding sites for [3H] DHA was less for the adult cells than the fetal cells (with KD values of 8.0 and 2.2 nM, respectively); this was reflected in the amount of [3H] DHA bound being up to 8 times greater in the embryonic cells.

108 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid is oblate for all sites, and the maximum/intermediate susceptibility plane always coincides with the cleavage plane of the slates which has a Caledonian strike and is nearly vertical.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The prophylactic administration of metronidazole (Flagyl) has been shown to be a simple and effective method of prevention which would suggest the implication of anaerobic organisms in 'dry socket'.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A reproducible classification of enamel opacities which is generally applicable for use in clinical investigations was used to determine the prevalence of defects in both deciduous and permanent dentitions in low-fluoride areas; 303 children aged 6 yr and 1214 children aged 13–14 yr were examined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new notation for specifying systems of concurrent processes sharing distributed systems of resources is introduced and the utility of the notation is demonstrated by defining novel, highly concurrent and distributed algorithms performing important operating system functions.
Abstract: A new notation for specifying systems of concurrent processes sharing distributed systems of resources is introduced and the utility of the notation is demonstrated by defining novel, highly concurrent and distributed algorithms performing important operating system functions. The notation permits a clear and logical development of the algorithms from an analysis of its component notions; such as various buffer types, as well as non-priority and priority resource management strategies; without any reference to implementation detail. This property of the notation facilitates both the validation of the algorithms as well as their novel, highly concurrent and distributed implementation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A significant correlation between the rate removal constant (KL) and the peak blood lactate concentration (Lø) was demonstrated in healthy volunteers during primed constant lactate infusion or multiple lactate injection tests.
Abstract: Lactate elimination was studied in twenty-six healthy volunteers during primed constant lactate infusion or multiple lactate injection tests, at blood lactate concentrations of 1-8 mmol-1. Although lactate elimination fitted a single exponential curve over a 30 min period, a significant correlation between the rate removal constant (KL) and the peak blood lactate concentration (Lphi) was demonstrated: loge KL = -2.43-0.132 Lphi (P = 0.003, r = 0.63, n = 20) This suggests that lactate removal does not follow first order kinetics over a wide concentration range but becomes saturated at relatively low blood lactate concentrations. Estimates of the lactate distribution volume did not differ significantly at different dosage levels, but remained in the range 270-300 ml kg-1. Skeletal muscle uptake accounted for about 26% of the infused lactate load. Seven patients with well-compensated hepatic cirrhosis were compared with a group of six control subjects during primed constant infusion tests. Fasting and steady state blood lactate concentrations achieved were similar in both groups. A significant prolongation in lactate half-life was demonstrated in the cirrhotics (18.8 +/- 1.4 min (mean +/- SEM) compared to 14.7 +/- 2.2 min; P less than 0.02). Since peripheral uptake of lactate in the forearm was similar in the two groups, this suggests that hepatic lactate uptake was impaired, due either to hepatocyte dysfunction or portal diversion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a bias correction using higher derivatives of the log likelihood is shown to be effective in a simulation study of a medical diagnosis problem, where the procedure is illustrated in a medical simulation problem.
Abstract: Maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters for logistic discrimination show considerable bias in small samples, Adjustment by a bias correction using higher derivatives of the log likelihood is shown to be effective in a simulation study. The procedure is illustrated in a medical diagnosis problem.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure of fishes constituting the Devonian genus Cheirolepis is investigated in this article and two species are recognised, the Middle Devonian C trailli and the Upper Devonian c canadensis.
Abstract: The structure of the fishes constituting the Devonian genus Cheirolepis is investigated Articulated remains from the Scottish Old Red Sandstone and the Canadian Upper Devonian were studied and two species are recognised, the Middle Devonian C trailli and the Upper Devonian C canadensis Recently described fragmentary material from Europe assigned to the genus is best regarded as incertae sedis Cheirolepis is the earliest actinopterygian genus with extensive material Neurocranial remains are described, with a crossopterygian-like parasphenoid There seems to have been a mobile rostral region with several small bones between premaxilla and postrostral extending to the anterior corner of the small dermal orbit New palatoquadrate and pectoral girdle material is described The apparently primitive nature of the head skeleton is related to the cranial dynamics and the likely mode of life The small scales and the elongate-fusiform body shape are a corollary of the method of swimming The ecology of the fishes is touched upon A taxonomic investigation of the two species was carried out but although interesting variation in the scale-row numbers came to light no changes at the specific level were deemed necessary Revised generic and specific diagnoses are given

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison with survey data suggests that frequent falls by an elderly person would be a poor predictor of fractures in the community, and there was evidence of a high incidence of proximal femur fractures among persons living in Residential Homes and Psychiatric hospitals.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: At the Nutricia Symposium in Groningen in 1973 Professor Visser et al. gave a paper on “Parenteral nutrition in low birth weight infants” (I).
Abstract: At the Nutricia Symposium in Groningen in 1973 Professor Visser et al. gave a paper on “Parenteral nutrition in low birth weight infants” (I). In the discussion afterwards the question was raised as to whether the low birth weight infant should receive an amino acid mixture corresponding to human milk, or to fetal plasma, and it was suggested that the best mixture might be one corresponding to that of the baby’s body itself. At that time there were no figures for the amino acid make-up of the protein in the body of the human fetus. I promised that such information would be forthcoming, and this is the main subject of our paper today.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The backhoe magnets on the Viking Lander (VL) 2 were successfully cleaned, followed by a test involving successive insertions of the cleaned backhoe into the surface.
Abstract: The backhoe magnets on Viking Lander (VL) 2 were successfully cleaned, followed by a test involving successive insertions of the cleaned backhoe into the surface. Rapid saturation of the magnets confirmed evidence from primary mission results that the magnetic mineral in the Martian surface is widely distributed, most probably in the form of composite particles of magnetic and nonmagnetic minerals. An image of the VL 2 backhoe taken via the X4 magnifying mirror demonstrates the fine-grained nature of the attracted magnetic material. The presence of maghemite and its occurrence as a pigment in, or a thin coating on, all mineral particles or as discrete, finely divided and widely distributed crystallites, are consistent with data from the inorganic analysis experiments and with laboratory simulations of results of the biology experiments on Mars.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relationship between age and dose was significant only in patients receiving warfarin after episodes of venous thromboembolism or because of coronary artery disease, and patient weight was less important a determinant than age.
Abstract: In 228 ambulatory patients receiving treatment with warfarin, there was a progressive decline in the dose required to produce an equivalent degree of anticoagulant control with increasing age from the third decade onwards. However, the relationship between age and dose was significant only in patients receiving warfarin after episodes of venous thromboembolism or because of coronary artery disease. Patient weight was also related to warfarin requirements, although it was less important a determinant than age.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that although Tanypodinae larvae are primarily predators with definite food preferences in ideal foraging conditions, in adverse conditions they will utilize a range of available stand-by foods, the most important of which appears to be detritus.
Abstract: Analyses of the gut contents of larvae of three species of Tanypodinae, collected from four sites in north-east England and Scotland, invariably showed small particles (1–10 µm2), predominantly of detritus, to be more abundant than large particles (10–100 µm2), mostly algae and diatoms. No animal remains, such as carapaces, head capsules and chaetae, or vascular plant fragments were found in any of the intestines. In contrast, food-choice and growth experiments suggested that animal food (particularly Tubificidae and Chironominae larvae) was important in the tanypod diet. In the food-choice experiments, six different foods offered to small (4–7 mm long) and to large (8–12 mm long) larvae of Procladius choreus Meigen, were chosen in the following order: live Tubificidae spp.; detritus; live Chironominae larvae; a mixture of algae and diatoms; live Ostracoda spp.; and live Cladocera spp. However, when the results of the individual choices were examined, it was clear that the small larvae had consumed greater amounts of the small types of food (i.e. detritus, algae and diatoms) in comparison to the large larvae. In the growth experiment, those larvae of P. choreus reared solely on Tubificidae, detritus or Chironominae larvae thrived, while those fed on algae and diatoms, ostracods or cladocerans grew more slowly and fewer survived the experimental period. It was concluded that although Tanypodinae larvae are primarily predators with definite food preferences in ideal foraging conditions, in adverse conditions they will utilize a range of available stand-by foods, the most important of which appears to be detritus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of prazosin on blood pressure were more pronounced after intravenous than oral administration, and the hypotensive effect greater on erect blood pressure, and there was a significant correlation (P<0.02) between the fall in blood pressure and the plasma drug concentration after intravenously prazoin.
Abstract: The pharmacokinetics and effects of prazosin have been studied after intravenous and oral dosing (1 mg) to 6 normal male volunteers. The mean terminal (beta) half-life was 2.9 h after intravenous and oral routes. Oral bioavailability was 56.9%. The effects of prazosin on blood pressure were more pronounced after intravenous than oral administration, and the hypotensive effect greater on erect blood pressure. There was a significant correlation (P less than 0.02) between the fall in blood pressure and the plasma drug concentration after intravenous prazosin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The daily flow of TPAN, as measured at the duodenal cannula at both dilution rates were equivalent to only 41% of the flow ofTPAN as predicted from measurements ofRumen outflow, indicating that a substantial proportion of rumen protozoal protein was retained within the rumen.
Abstract: 1. Four sheep, each fitted with a rumen fistula and a re-entrant cannula at the proximal duodenum were fed a semi-purified diet containing urea as the only nitrogen source. The quantities of total protozoal amino acid-N (TPAN) present in the rumen and entering the duodenum were determined when the mean rumen dilution rate (D) was low (0.034/h) and when D was increased to 0.078/h by the intraruminal infusion of artificial saliva. 2. Increasing the dilution rate had no significant effect upon the proportions of TPAN present in the total microbial amino-acid-N (TMAN) of the rumen fluid and duodenal digesta. With both dilution rates the mean proportion of TPAN in the duodenal TMAN (0.24) was markedly less than the equivalent proportion (0.45) found in the rumen fluid. 3. The daily flow of TPAN, as measured at the duodenal cannula at both dilution rates were equivalent to only 41% of the flow of TPAN as predicted from measurements of rumen outflow, indicating that a substantial proportion of rumen protozoal protein was retained within the rumen.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the significance for regional economic development of the material, service and contact linkages of manufacturing establishments using data drawn primarily from a survey of 92 manufacturing plants in the Northern Region of the United Kingdom.
Abstract: Marshall J. N. (1979) Ownership, organisation and industrial linkage: a case study in the Northern Region of England, Reg. Studies 13, 531–557. The paper examines the significance for regional economic development of the material, service and contact linkages of manufacturing establishments. Using data drawn primarily from a survey of 92 manufacturing plants in the Northern Region of the United Kingdom, the paper considers the extent to which differing types of establishment possess local suppliers and markets. The primary focus is the importance of establishment ownership as an explanation for differences in linkage patterns. This variable and others are used to predict material, business service and communication flows. It is concluded that externally owned establishments in the North are important to the regional economy because such plants do purchase and sell a substantial amount of their material goods in the region. In contrast externally owned establishments have little impact on the region's serv...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that age, mental test score, type of residence, place of injury and hospital of admission were all significantly associated with the likelihood of survival to six months.
Abstract: In a prospective study of patients with fractures of the proximal femur from a defined population it was found that age, mental test score, type of residence, place of injury and hospital of admission were all significantly associated with the likelihood of survival to six months. When these factors were taken into account no additional association between outcome and recorded associated disease, grade of surgeon operating, cigarette smoking, type of operation or social class was demonstrable. These findings have implications for the design of controlled trials of different types of treatment for fractures of the proximal femur. Language: en

Book ChapterDOI
02 Jul 1979
TL;DR: In this exposition, traces are represented as n-tuples of strings and it is briefly shown how such n- Tuples determine labelled, partially ordered sets, a popular way of modelling concurrent histories.
Abstract: The object of this paper is to present some results in the formal study of path expressions. Path expressions, or GR-paths, are syntactic objects, that is, terminals strings of a grammar. GR-paths themselves may also be regarded as grammars; each GR-path determines a trace language, in the sense of [Maz 77]. In this sense, GR-paths may be thought of as a defining systems, in that each is associated with a set of possible histories of concurrent behaviour, represented formally by traces. In this exposition, traces are represented as n-tuples of strings and it is briefly shown how such n-tuples determine labelled, partially ordered sets, a popular way of modelling concurrent histories.

Journal ArticleDOI
31 Dec 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated buoyancy-induced convection in a rapidly rotating, self-gravitating fluid sphere internally heated by a uniform distribution of heat sources and under the influence of an azimuthal magnetic field whose strength is proportional to the distance z* from the rotation axis.
Abstract: Buoyancy-induced convection is investigated in a rapidly rotating, selfgravitating fluid sphere internally heated by a uniform distribution of heat sources and under the influence of an azimuthal magnetic field whose strength is proportional to the distance z* from the rotation axis. Attention is restricted to relatively small magnetic field strengths (as measured by the parameter A) such that the dominant force balance remains geostrophic. Convection is then confined to a thin cylindrical annulus, radius Wu, about the rotation axis. A linear analysis is used to find the state of marginal stability together with the corresponding minimum critical value of the modified Rayleigh number, Re (a measure of the buoyancy force required to maintain convective motions). Two distinct modes of instability are found to operate: 'Rossby' and 'magnetic'. When no magnetic field is applied (A = 0), and when the Prandtl number o- < 1, the instability takes the form of a thermally driven Rossby wave propagating eastward but with group velocity westward. Modifications to this mode due to a non-zero magnetic field

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the stability characteristics of simple steady magnetohydrodynamic flows within an axisymmetric container of arbitrary electrical conductivity are investigated and the theory of dynamic (dissipationless) instabilities is reviewed and its shortcomings are elucidated.
Abstract: The stability characteristics of some simple steady magnetohydrodynamic flows within an axisymmetric container of arbitrary electrical conductivity are investigated. Attention is focused upon rapidly rotating fluids in which the unperturbed velocity and magnetic field are axially symmetric and purely zonal. Detailed solutions are obtained for the particularly simple basic state representing a rigidly rotating homogeneous fluid with a uniform axial current. The theory of dynamic (dissipationless) instabilities is reviewed and its shortcomings are elucidated. A stability criterion is derived for an inviscid fluid of small electrical conductivity within a perfectly conducting axisymmetric container and it is shown that a certain class of inertial modes is unstable for any non-zero magnetic field strength. When the effects of container conductivity are included it is found that a class of slow modes with westward phase speed may be unstable. These modes are shown to be unstable within a cylinder but appear to be stable within a sphere. The influence of density gradients within a spherical container is investigated and it is found that for a certain class of exceptional slow modes with westward phase speed, a bottom-heavy density gradient is destabilizing. This surprising behaviour is explained in terms of a new branch of the stability curve developed by Eltayeb & Kumar (1977).

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1979-Brain
TL;DR: Quantitative electro-oculography is a valuable adjunct to the clinical evaluation of eye movements and has an important role in the investigation of patients suspected of multiple sclerosis.
Abstract: There have been few quantitative studies of ocular kinetics in patients with multiple sclerosis...