Showing papers by "Nokia published in 2001"

DAML-S: semantic markup for web services

Abstract: The Semantic Web should enable greater access not only to content but also to services on the Web. Users and software agents should be able to discover, invoke, compose, and monitor Web resources offering particular services and having particular properties. As part of the DARPA Agent Markup Language program, we have begun to develop an ontology of services, called DAML-S, that will make these functionalities possible. In this paper we describe the overall structure of the ontology, the service profile for advertising services, and the process model for the detailed description of the operation of services. We also compare DAML-S with several industry efforts to define standards for characterizing services on the Web.

Performance comparison of two on-demand routing protocols for ad hoc networks

Abstract: Ad hoc networks are characterized by multihop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. We compare the performance of two prominent on-demand routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: dynamic source routing (DSR) and ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV). A detailed simulation model with MAC and physical layer models is used to study interlayer interactions and their performance implications. We demonstrate that even though DSR and AODV share similar on-demand behavior, the differences in the protocol mechanics can lead to significant performance differentials. The performance differentials are analyzed using varying network load, mobility, and network size. Based on the observations, we make recommendations about how the performance of either protocol can be improved.

Conference call method and apparatus therefor

Abstract: A conference call facility is described in which one (2a) of a group of communication devices (2a,2b,2c,2d) connected to a low power radio frequency network (9) is able to set up a call to a party external of the network (9) and then selectively add further devices (2a,2b,2c) to the call under the control of the user of the one device (2a) The users of the other devices (2b,2c) are able to enable or disable the selection of their device in a conference call One or more of the communication devices may be a mobile radio telephone equipped with the necessary network interface (1)

Accuracy measures for evaluating computer pointing devices

Abstract: In view of the difficulties in evaluating computer pointing devices across different tasks within dynamic and complex systems, new performance measures are needed. This paper proposes seven new accuracy measures to elicit (sometimes subtle) differences among devices in precision pointing tasks. The measures are target re-entry, task axis crossing, movement direction change, orthogonal direction change, movement variability, movement error, and movement offset. Unlike movement time, error rate, and throughput, which are based on a single measurement per trial, the new measures capture aspects of movement behaviour during a trial. The theoretical basis and computational techniques for the measures are described, with examples given. An evaluation with four pointing devices was conducted to validate the measures. A causal relationship to pointing device efficiency (viz. throughput) was found, as was an ability to discriminate among devices in situations where differences did not otherwise appear. Implications for pointing device research are discussed.

Recognizing human motion with multiple acceleration sensors

Abstract: In this paper experiments with acceleration sensors are described for human activity recognition of a wearable device user. The use of principal component analysis and independent component analysis with a wavelet transform is tested for feature generation. Recognition of human activity is examined with a multilayer perceptron classifier. Best classification results for recognition of different human motion were 83-90%, and they were achieved by utilizing independent component analysis and principal component analysis. The difference between these methods turned out to be negligible.

Stereophonic reproduction maintaining means and methods for operation in horizontal and vertical A/V appliance positions

Abstract: Display apparatus including a display and an orientation sensitive interface mechanism is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, the orientation sensitive interface includes first and second loudspeaker pairs. The first loudspeaker pair includes first and second loudspeakers and the second loudspeaker pair includes the second and third loudspeaker. The first and second loudspeaker pairs are disposed along transverse directions to each other. The display apparatus comprises a switch which switches between the first loudspeaker pair and the second loudspeaker pair. By providing the respective loudspeaker pairs, and switching between them, it is possible to orient the display apparatus in transverse directions corresponding to respective loudspeaker pairs, yet maintain a substantially stereophonic reproduction for each orientation.

Authentication in a packet data network

Abstract: Authentication method for authenticating a mobile node to a packet data network, in which a shared secret for both the mobile node and the packet data network is arranged by using a shared secret of the mobile node and a telecommunications network authentication centre. In the method, the mobile node sends its subscriber identity to the packet data network together with a replay attack protector. The packet data network obtains authentication triplets, forms a session key using them, and sends back to the mobile node challenges and a cryptographic authenticator made by using the session key. The mobile node can then form the rest of the authentication triplets using the challenges and then form the session key. With the session key, the mobile node can check the validity of the cryptographic authenticator. If the authenticator is correct, the mobile node sends a cryptographic response formed using the session key to the packet data network for authenticating itself to the packet data network.

System and method for the transfer of digital data to a mobile device

Abstract: A mobile device is capable of accessing electronic shop server web sites which contain digital products for sale and hotspot network locations where these digital products may be downloaded to the mobile device without incurring cellular phone charges or public switched telephone network charges. The mobile device has a short range transceiver for low power radio frequency over the short distance and a network transceiver for cellular telephone signals. The hotspot network locations contain a hotspot device for transmitting the digital products to the mobile devices via the low power radio frequency signal. The mobile device has the capability of detecting the presence of the low power radio frequency signal when it is in range of the signal. Using this system, method and computer program a user of a mobile device may download large amounts digital data without incurring telephone or cellular phone charges.

Apparatus and method for assigning a common packet channel in a cdma communication system

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for indicating an end of transmitting data frames in order to enable a UTRAN (UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Terrestrial Radio Access Network) to assign a common packet channel to another user equipment (UE) in a UE for a CDMA mobile communication system. The UE requests assignment of any one of a number of common packet channels assignable in the UTRAN; the UE is assigned a common packet channel by the UTRAN in response to the to request; the UE sequentially transmits the data frames and their associated control frames over the assigned common packet channel; and the UE transmits at least one control frame, in an appointed field of which a given bit pattern appointed with the UTRAN is registered, in order to inform the UTRAN of an end of data transmission upon completing data transmission through the data frames.

System and method for content adaptation and pagination based on terminal capabilities

Abstract: A system, method and computer program for paginating information received from a content provider so that it may be displayed on any type of user terminal having any size screen and having different types of mechanisms for input of information. This system has a pagination and terminal adaptation module which will calculate the space needed by element to be displayed on a user terminal. The pagination and terminal adaptation module will then determine if sufficient space exists on the user terminal screen to display the element. When sufficient space does not exist on the user terminal screen then the pagination and terminal adaptation module will resize the element when possible in order to make it fit. The pagination and terminal adaptation module accesses a database of user terminal profile information to determine the characteristics of the user terminal as well as the screen size. This system further is able to transmit information in a continuous stream to the user terminal or as a single element that will only update a portion of the user terminal screen. Using this system a user is able to access web site pages regardless of the type of terminal being used and no matter how small the screen size is.

Time series segmentation for context recognition in mobile devices

Abstract: Recognizing the context of use is important in making mobile devices as simple to use as possible. Finding out what the user's situation is can help the device and underlying service in providing an adaptive and personalized user interface. The device can infer parts of the context of the user from sensor data: the mobile device can include sensors for acceleration, noise level, luminosity, humidity, etc. In this paper we consider context recognition by unsupervised segmentation of time series produced by sensors. Dynamic programming can be used to find segments that minimize the intra-segment variances. While this method produces optimal solutions, it is too slow for long sequences of data. We present and analyze randomized variations of the algorithm. One of them, global iterative replacement or GIR, gives approximately optimal results in a fraction of the time required by dynamic programming. We demonstrate the use of time series segmentation in context recognition for mobile phone applications.

Spatially coding and displaying information

Abstract: A computer system (20) includes storage system (22) which contains information in the form of documents, along with a spatial information about the documents. The computer system (20) also includes subsystems for data collection (30), data analysis (40), search (50), data presentation (60), and portal services (70). The computer system (20) further includes a map interface (80). Through the map interface (80), users can query the storage (22) and view a representation of the query results arranged on a map.

Wireless LAN access network architecture for mobile operators

Abstract: The evolution of IP-based office applications has created a strong demand for public wireless broadband access technology offering capacity far beyond current cellular systems. Wireless LAN access technology provides a perfect broadband complement for the operators' existing GSM and GPRS services in an indoor environment. Most commercial public wireless LAN solutions have only modest authentication and roaming capability compared to traditional cellular networks. This article describes a new wireless LAN system architecture that combines the WLAN radio access technology with mobile operators' SIM-based subscriber management functions and roaming infrastructure. In the defined system the WLAN access is authenticated and charged using GSM SIM. This solution supports roaming between cellular and WLAN access networks and is the first step toward an all-IP network architecture. The proto-type has been implemented and publicly verified in a real mobile operator network.

Push content filtering

Abstract: The user of a mobile terminal enters keywords indicative of categories of messages he wishes to peruse. When the mobile terminal receives a message, keywords associated with the message are compared with the user-entered keywords; if any match, a banner portion of the message is displayed on the mobile terminal and the mobile terminal issues a sensible alert. The user may request to view the message body associated with the banner portion. The user may request to take actions regarding the message body, such as storing the message body in the mobile terminal or calling a telephone number contained in the message body.

Statistical metering and filtering of content via pixel-base metadata

Abstract: Data supplied to a display having a plurality of pixels comprises both content to be displayed and metadata that identifies the content of the respective pixel as being of a particular type by setting the metadata for each pixel to a value that is one of a predefined set of values. The identification of the content as being of a particular type enables the classification of the pixels on a per pixel basis into one or more categories. Pixels containing data for an advertisement can be identified and metered to determine the total display space they occupy and length of time they are displayed, which are both considered measures of the effectiveness of the advertisement. This metering can therefore be used to more equitably charge for advertising on web pages because an advertiser can be charged on the basis of what a user actually sees on the display. If only a percentage of the advertisement is visible, the advertiser pays an amount in proportion to the percentage of the advertisement that is visible. Pixels belonging to an advertisement can also be metered by a video game in a manner that gives an incentive to a game player to view advertisements. Additionally, metadata can be used to identify a pixel as containing objectionable content or some other information or type of content not desired by a user. The pixels containing objectionable or undesired content, which usually are pixels that display an object or portions thereof, can then be filtered out of the picture in a more precise way to either delete or leave a blurred image of the object or objectionable/undesirable portion thereof only, without hiding an entire screen of data.

Router and routing protocol redundancy

Abstract: A router and routing protocol redundancy are disclosed to reduce service outage or degradation for a network device and thus to increase service availability on a network due to software and hardware failures of the network device. A network device such as router includes a redundancy platform having an active controller system and a standby controller system. A routing protocol state change is received or generated by the active controller system. The received or generated routing protocol state change is replicated to the standby controller system. By replicating the routing protocol state change, the standby controller system can maintain the routing protocol sessions for the network device if a failure occurs in the active controller system. Furthermore, the routing protocol states are maintained in realtime to handle the dynamic changes created by routing protocols.

Apparatus, and associated method, for routing packet data in an ad hoc wireless communication system

Abstract: Apparatus, and an associated method, by which to route packets of data between a data source node (18-1) and a data destination node (18-6) in an ad hoc, wireless network, such as a Bluetooth scatternet (10). Data routing tables (26, 28, 32) are provided to each node, and header information extracted from a packet header (36) is used by such tables (26, 28, 32). Routing of a packet of data is effectuated in a hop-by-hop manner to effectuate the communication of the packet from the data source node (18-1) to the data destination node (18-6).

Method and apparatus for presenting auditory icons in a mobile terminal

Abstract: An apparatus and method for presenting one or more auditory icons are provided to deliver contextual information in a timely manner to the user without requiring the user to view the mobile terminal's display. The auditory icons may correspond to visual icons that are provided on a display of the mobile terminal, for example, a navigational bar. The mobile terminal receives a plurality of messages from one or more message sources, prioritizes them according to one or more context values, and presents to the user auditory icons associated with the messages in accordance with any number of pre-set preferences set by the user.

A dual-band RF front-end for WCDMA and GSM applications

Abstract: An RF front-end for dual-band dual-mode operation is presented. The front-end consumes 22.5 mW from a 1.8-V supply and is designed to be used in a direct-conversion WCDMA and GSM receiver. The front-end has been fabricated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m BiCMOS process and, in both modes, can use the same devices in the signal path except the LNA input transistors. The front-end has a 27-dB gain control range, which is divided between the LNA and quadrature mixers. The measured double-sideband noise figure and voltage gain are 2.3 dB, 39.5 dB, for the GSM and 4.3 dB, 33 dB for the WCDMA, respectively. The linearity parameters IIP3 and IIP2 are -19 dBm, +35 dBm for the GSM and -14.5 dBm and +34 dBm for the WCDMA, respectively.

Web services push gateway

Abstract: A system and method for interfacing Web Services push applications and mobile terminals operable with one of a plurality of different mobile push technologies. A Web Services push gateway includes a Web Services endpoint to terminate Web Services protocols utilized by the Web Services push applications in providing push messages. A plurality of mobile push bearers are each configured to communicate with a different one of the plurality of mobile push technologies. The Web Services push gateway includes a push router coupled to the Web Services endpoint to receive the push messages, and to forward the push messages to an elected one of the mobile push bearers, from where is it ultimately delivered to a recipient mobile terminal employing a mobile push technology corresponding to the elected mobile push bearer.

Apparatus and method for use in collaboration services

Abstract: A ConnectIcon View is employed to establish collaborative communications between a plurality of participants in a group. Specifically, it is a dynamic visual representation of the participants of a group being invited to communicate together with their presence information, lists of documents and URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) to be examined, and a set of mechanisms (email, chat, voice, and the like) to initiate communication, each of which can be billed to the originator or otherwise as desired. The available presence information allows a user to employ the best mode of communicating for the instant purpose, namely, either asynchronous communication or synchronous communication.

Method and apparatus for displaying prioritized icons in a mobile terminal

Abstract: An apparatus and method for displaying a plurality of icons on the display of a mobile terminal are provided. One or more characteristics associated with each icon are compared to one or more context values, such as time of day, geographic area, or user profile characteristics. Icons that best match one or more context values are represented in a display format that is enlarged in relation to other icons on the display device. The context values may include dynamically changing information, such as a current location of the user, so that as the user moves to a different geographic area, different icons are enlarged on the display device. The icons can correspond to application programs; logos (such as a corporate logo); documents; Web sites; or other objects. The icons can be grouped into a context bar that is displayed along an edge of the display device, and can be arranged in a horizontal, vertical, or mixed fashion. A magnifying glass metaphor can be moved over icons to highlight and select an icon.

Personal mobile communications device having multiple units

Abstract: A mobile communication device is constructed for use in communicating with a wireless communications network. The device is adapted for carrying on or near the person of the user. For ease of use and adaptability, the various functions of the device are separated into multiple units. The units communicate with each other through a localized communication system in which at least one local traffic channel is generated by the primary unit. To permit bi-directional communication among the units, multiple access protocols are used, either TDMA or CDMA.

Group creation for wireless communication terminals

Abstract: A method and a communication terminal for establishing a group of wireless terminals are provided. The method comprising the steps of detecting a physical contact between users of the wireless terminals using a first circuit, establishing the group identified in the previous step of physically connected users of the wireless terminals using a second circuit of the wireless terminals. The step of detecting the physical contact comprising the step of transferring a signal via the physical contact between the users of the wireless terminals using the first circuit in the wireless terminals. The step of transferring a signal comprising the steps of generating the signal in the circuit, transferring the generated signal to a body of the user and to a body of a second user the users being physically connected, and detecting the signal in the circuit of the second user. The step of establishing the group comprising the step of confirming the establishment of the group between the users of the wireless terminals using a message that is transmitted using the second circuit.

Form factor for portable device

Abstract: A form factor for a portable device is disclosed. A first face of the portable device may house a display screen and three linear input devices (e.g., touch-sensitive strips), one on each of three sides of the display screen, for providing user input. On a second, opposite face of the portable device, is a planar input device (e.g., a touchpad) for providing user input. There may also be a microphone and speaker on the second face of the portable device, with the speaker placed behind the planar input device. Sound output by the speaker passes through holes in the planar input device. In one embodiment, the planar input device is used for scrolling content displayed on the display screen, one of the linear input devices is used for zooming in and out, and the other two linear input devices are used for identifying a location on the display screen. In another embodiment, the planar input device is used to identify a location on the display screen, and two of the linear input devices are used for scrolling.

Method and equipment for supporting mobility in a telecommunication system

Abstract: A method for supporting mobility in a wireless telecommunication system which comprises at least one terminal, an access point currently serving the terminal and a plurality of other access points. The access points may be grouped into networks and the terminal is arranged to collect information about available access points. The network names of the available access points are checked by the terminal. The first access point with the best connection attributes of the available access points with the same network name as the currently serving access point is selected. The second access point with the best connection attributes of the available access points with a different network name than the currently serving access point is also selected. One or more connection attributes of the first access point and the second access point are compared. The connection to the second access point is established if the differences between the compared connection attributes fulfil pre-determined conditions.

Image stabilizer for a microcamera module of a handheld device, and method for stabilizing a microcamera module of a handheld device

Abstract: A method and a handheld device for stabilizing an image captured by an optical lens of a micro camera integral with the handheld device, which may, for example, be a mobile phone. Motion sensors sense motion of the device and are used to cause movement of the micro camera to substantially compensate for the sensed movement so as to maintain a steady, focussed image to be displayed by a display on the handheld device or elsewhere, such as a remote display. The micro camera is moved by one or more motion actuators which move the camera in a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to an axis of the lens of the camera and/or move the camera so as to pivot the lens axis.

Provision of location information

Abstract: In a telecommunication system communication to and/or from a user equipment is carried on a user plane and messages supporting the communication are carried on a control plane. Information supporting provision of information about the location of the user equipment is also arranged to be carried on the user plane to and/or from the user equipment.