Nokia

About: Nokia is a company organization based out in Espoo, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Mobile station. The organization has 16625 authors who have published 28347 publications receiving 695725 citations. The organization is also known as: Nokia Oyj & Oy Nokia Ab.

Authentication in a packet data network

Abstract: Authentication method for authenticating a mobile node to a packet data network, in which a shared secret for both the mobile node and the packet data network is arranged by using a shared secret of the mobile node and a telecommunications network authentication centre. In the method, the mobile node sends its subscriber identity to the packet data network together with a replay attack protector. The packet data network obtains authentication triplets, forms a session key using them, and sends back to the mobile node challenges and a cryptographic authenticator made by using the session key. The mobile node can then form the rest of the authentication triplets using the challenges and then form the session key. With the session key, the mobile node can check the validity of the cryptographic authenticator. If the authenticator is correct, the mobile node sends a cryptographic response formed using the session key to the packet data network for authenticating itself to the packet data network.

Mobile Instant Messaging and Presence Service

Abstract: The invention relates to mobile messaging and presence services. According to one aspect of the invention, a client device of the mobile messaging system adds a qualifier to a presence attribute, the qualifier comprising one or more parameters specifying the use of the attribute. A client device receiving a presence attribute processes the received presence attribute according to the qualifier parameters in said received attribute. Another aspect of the invention is the showing of how to assemble and store presence items with names, attributes and values in a single presence set within a role having an associated authorization group of members that have the right to subscribe to the whole or part of the presence set of the same role.

The adaptive multirate wideband speech codec (AMR-WB)

Abstract: This paper describes the adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec selected by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for GSM and the third generation mobile communication WCDMA system for providing wideband speech services. The AMR-WB speech codec algorithm was selected in December 2000 and the corresponding specifications were approved in March 2001. The AMR-WB codec was also selected by the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Sector (ITU-T) in July 2001 in the standardization activity for wideband speech coding around 16 kb/s and was approved in January 2002 as Recommendation G.722.2. The adoption of AMR-WB by ITU-T is of significant importance since for the first time the same codec is adopted for wireless as well as wireline services. AMR-WB uses an extended audio bandwidth from 50 Hz to 7 kHz and gives superior speech quality and voice naturalness compared to existing second- and third-generation mobile communication systems. The wideband speech service provided by the AMR-WB codec will give mobile communication speech quality that also substantially exceeds (narrowband) wireline quality. The paper details AMR-WB standardization history, algorithmic description including novel techniques for efficient ACELP wideband speech coding and subjective quality performance of the codec.

On the notion of inheritance

Abstract: One of the most intriguing—and at the same time most problematic—notions in object-oriented programing is inheritance. Inheritance is commonly regarded as the feature that distinguishes object-oriented programming from other modern programming paradigms, but researchers rarely agree on its meaning and usage. Yet inheritance of often hailed as a solution to many problems hampering software development, and many of the alleged benefits of object-oriented programming, such as improved conceptual modeling and reusability, are largely credited to it. This article aims at a comprehensive understanding of inheritance, examining its usage, surveying its varieties, and presenting a simple taxonomy of mechanisms that can be seen as underlying different inheritance models.

Transmit diversity in 3G CDMA systems

Abstract: Transmit diversity (TD) is one of the key contributing technologies to defining the ITU endorsed 3G systems W-CDMA and cdma2000. Spatial diversity is introduced into the signal by transmitting through multiple antennas. The antennas are spaced far enough apart that the signals emanating from them can be assumed to undergo independent fading. In addition to diversity gain, antenna gain can also be incorporated through channel state feedback. This leads to the categorization of TD methods into open loop and closed loop methods. Several methods of transmit diversity in the forward link have been either under consideration or adopted for the various 3G standards. This article describes the concept of transmit diversity and explains the features of selected TD techniques.