Nokia

About: Nokia is a company organization based out in Espoo, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Mobile station. The organization has 16625 authors who have published 28347 publications receiving 695725 citations. The organization is also known as: Nokia Oyj & Oy Nokia Ab.

Antenna sharing switching circuitry for multi-transceiver mobile terminal and method therefor

Abstract: Antenna switching circuitry in a multi-transceiver mobile terminal 10 , which features a first switching unit (SW 1 ) which controllably couples a first transceiver port (P 1 ) to either a first antenna port (P A1 ) or a second antenna port (P A2 ); and a second switching unit (SW 2 ) which controllably couples the second antenna port (P A2 ) to either the first transceiver port (P 1 ), through the first switching unit (SW 1 ), or to an input/output port (P I/O ) of a second transceiver ( 12 ). According to this scheme, the second antenna port is coupled to the input/output port of the second transceiver ( 12 ) in a mode in which the second transceiver ( 12 ) is operational, the first transceiver port (P 1 ) being decoupled from the second antenna port at this time, wherein the first transceiver port is coupled to the first antenna port and the input/output port of the second transceiver ( 12 ) is decoupled from the second antenna port, when the first transceiver is in a transmit mode, and wherein the first transceiver port is coupled to either of the first and second antenna ports, when the first transceiver ( 11 ) is in a receiving mode and the input/output port of the second transceiver ( 12 ) is decoupled from the second antenna port.

Device-to-Device Communications; Functional Prospects for LTE-Advanced Networks

Abstract: In this paper the possibility of device-to-device (D2D) communications as an underlay of an LTE-A network is introduced. The D2D communication enables new service opportunities and reduces the eNB load for short range data intensive peer-to-peer communication. The cellular network may establish a new type of radio bearer dedicated for D2D communications and stay in control of the session setup and the radio resources without routing the user plane traffic. The paper addresses critical issues and functional blocks to enable D2D communication as an add-on functionality to the LTE SAE architecture. Unlike 3G spread spectrum cellular and OFDM WLAN techniques, LTE-A resource management is fast and operates in high time-frequency resolution. This could allow the use of non-allocated time-frequency resources, or even partial reuse of the allocated resources for D2D with eNB controlled power constraints. The feasibility and the range of D2D communication, and its impact to the power margins of cellular communications are studied by simulations in two example scenarios. The results demonstrate that by tolerating a modest increase in interference, D2D communication with practical range becomes feasible. By tolerating higher interference power the D2D range will increase.

Device-To-Device (D2D) Communication in Cellular Network - Performance Analysis of Optimum and Practical Communication Mode Selection

Abstract: In a cellular network system one way to increase its capacity is to allow direct communication between closely located user devices when they are communicating with each other instead of conveying data from one device to the other via the radio and core network. The problem is then when the network shall assign direct communication mode and when not. In previous works the decision has been done individually per communicating device pair not taking into account other devices and the current state of the network. We derive means for getting optimal communication mode for all devices in the system in terms of system equations. The system equations capture information of the network such as link gains, noise levels, signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratios, etc., as well as communication mode selection for the devices. Using the derived equations performance bounds for the cellular system where D2D communication is an additional communication mode are illustrated via simulations. Further, practical communication mode selection algorithms are used to evaluate their system performance against the achievable bounds. Analysis show the usability of the system equations and the potential of having D2D operation integrated into a cellular system when there is enough local communication occurring.

Agile methods rapidly replacing traditional methods at Nokia: A survey of opinions on agile transformation

Abstract: Context: Many organizations have started to deploy agile methods, but so far there exist only a few studies on organization-wide transformations. Are agile methods here to stay? Some claim that agile software development methods are in the mainstream adoption phase in the software industry, while others hope that those are a passing fad. The assumption here is that if agile would not provide real improvement, adopters would be eager at first but turn pessimistic after putting it into practice. Objective: Despite the growing amount of anecdotal evidence on the success of agile methods across a wide range of different real-life development settings, scientific studies remain scarce. Even less is known about the perception of the impacts of agile transformation when it is deployed in a very large software development environment, and whether agile methods are here to stay. This study aims to fill that gap by providing evidence from a large-scale agile transformation within Nokia. While we have yet to confirm these findings with solid quantitative data, we believe that the perception of the impacts already pinpoints the direction of the impacts of large-scale agile transformation. Method: The data were collected using a questionnaire. The population of the study contains more than 1000 respondents in seven different countries in Europe, North America, and Asia. Results: The results reveal that most respondents agree on all accounts with the generally claimed benefits of agile methods. These benefits include higher satisfaction, a feeling of effectiveness, increased quality and transparency, increased autonomy and happiness, and earlier detection of defects. Finally, 60% of respondents would not like to return to the old way of working. Conclusion: While the perception of the impact of agile methods is predominantly positive, several challenge areas were discovered. However, based on this study, agile methods are here to stay.

Terminal and associated method and computer program product for monitoring at least one activity of a user

Abstract: A terminal is provided for monitoring at least one activity of a user. The terminal includes a connecting means, at least one acceleration sensor and a controller. The connecting means, which can include a strap, belt, clip, lanyard or the like, is adapted for attaching the terminal onto a body of the user. The acceleration sensor(s) are capable of measuring and providing acceleration measurement signals representative of movement of the user in performing an activity. And the controller is capable of operating an activity detection application, which is capable of receiving at least a portion of the measurement signals. The activity detection application is also capable of determining at least one value related to the user performing the selected activity based upon the acceleration measurement signals, the at least one value being an intensity value representing an intensity with which the user performs the activity.