Institution
North Carolina State University
Education•Raleigh, North Carolina, United States•
About: North Carolina State University is a education organization based out in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Thin film. The organization has 44161 authors who have published 101744 publications receiving 3456774 citations. The organization is also known as: NCSU & North Carolina State University at Raleigh.
Topics: Population, Thin film, Gene, Context (language use), Computer science
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review summarizes current strategies for fabricating transistors which operate based on the flow of single electrons through nanometre-sized metal and semiconductor particles; i.e., single electron transistors (SETs).
Abstract: For the past 40 years, since the invention of the integrated circuit, the number of transistors on a computer chip has doubled roughly every 18 months. As the limits of photolithography are rapidly approached, however, it is becoming clear that continued increases in circuit density will require fairly dramatic changes in the way transistors are designed and operated. This review summarizes current strategies for fabricating transistors which operate based on the flow of single electrons through nanometre-sized metal and semiconductor particles; i.e. single electron transistors (SETs). Because the room temperature operation of SETs requires nanoparticles <10 nm in diameter, we focus mainly on devices which have the potential for being assembled from the solution phase (non-lithographic systems). Several applications of SETs are discussed in addition to the major hurdles which must be overcome for their implementation in electronic device technology.
385 citations
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TL;DR: Gen expression profiles in 2,752 twins were assessed, using a classic twin design, to quantify expression heritability and quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in peripheral blood, providing a new resource toward understanding the genetic control of transcription.
Abstract: We assessed gene expression profiles in 2,752 twins, using a classic twin design to quantify expression heritability and quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in peripheral blood. The most highly heritable genes (∼777) were grouped into distinct expression clusters, enriched in gene-poor regions, associated with specific gene function or ontology classes, and strongly associated with disease designation. The design enabled a comparison of twin-based heritability to estimates based on dizygotic identity-by-descent sharing and distant genetic relatedness. Consideration of sampling variation suggests that previous heritability estimates have been upwardly biased. Genotyping of 2,494 twins enabled powerful identification of eQTLs, which we further examined in a replication set of 1,895 unrelated subjects. A large number of non-redundant local eQTLs (6,756) met replication criteria, whereas a relatively small number of distant eQTLs (165) met quality control and replication standards. Our results provide a new resource toward understanding the genetic control of transcription.
385 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the reverse bias current-voltage measurements of ∼100-μm-diameter gold Schottky contacts deposited on n-type ZnO(0001) wafers and those exposed for 30 min to a remote 20% O2/80% He plasma at 525±20 C and cooled either in vacuum from 425 °C or the unignited plasma gas have been determined.
Abstract: Reverse bias current–voltage measurements of ∼100-μm-diameter gold Schottky contacts deposited on as-received, n-type ZnO(0001) wafers and those exposed for 30 min to a remote 20% O2/80% He plasma at 525±20 °C and cooled either in vacuum from 425 °C or the unignited plasma gas have been determined. Plasma cleaning resulted in highly ordered, stoichiometric, and smooth surfaces. Contacts on as-received material showed μA leakage currents and ideality factors >2. Contacts on plasma-cleaned wafers cooled in vacuum showed ∼36±1 nA leakage current to −4 V, a barrier height of 0.67±0.05 eV, and an ideality factor of 1.86±0.05. Cooling in the unignited plasma gas coupled with a 30 s exposure to the plasma at room temperature resulted in decreases in these parameters to ∼20 pA to −7 V, 0.60±0.05 eV, and 1.03±0.05, respectively. Differences in the measured and theoretical barrier heights indicate interface states. (0001) and (0001) are used in this letter to designate the polar zinc- and oxygen-terminated surfac...
385 citations
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Duke University1, North Carolina State University2, New York University3, Saint Louis University4, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill5, Wright State University6, University of Missouri7, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania8, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis9, Durham University10
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for variables associated with fracture nonunion and found that increased nonunion risk was associated with severe fracture (e.g., open fracture, multiple fractures), high body mass index, smoking, and alcoholism.
Abstract: Importance Failure of bone fracture healing occurs in 5% to 10% of all patients. Nonunion risk is associated with the severity of injury and with the surgical treatment technique, yet progression to nonunion is not fully explained by these risk factors. Objective To test a hypothesis that fracture characteristics and patient-related risk factors assessable by the clinician at patient presentation can indicate the probability of fracture nonunion. Design, Setting, and Participants An inception cohort study in a large payer database of patients with fracture in the United States was conducted using patient-level health claims for medical and drug expenses compiled for approximately 90.1 million patients in calendar year 2011. The final database collated demographic descriptors, treatment procedures as per Current Procedural Terminology codes; comorbidities as per International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes; and drug prescriptions as per National Drug Code Directory codes. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for variables associated with nonunion. Data analysis was performed from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2012, Exposures Continuous enrollment in the database was required for 12 months after fracture to allow sufficient time to capture a nonunion diagnosis. Results The final analysis of 309 330 fractures in 18 bones included 178 952 women (57.9%); mean (SD) age was 44.48 (13.68) years. The nonunion rate was 4.9%. Elevated nonunion risk was associated with severe fracture (eg, open fracture, multiple fractures), high body mass index, smoking, and alcoholism. Women experienced more fractures, but men were more prone to nonunion. The nonunion rate also varied with fracture location: scaphoid, tibia plus fibula, and femur were most likely to be nonunion. The ORs for nonunion fractures were significantly increased for risk factors, including number of fractures (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 2.34-2.99), use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs plus opioids (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.73-1.95), operative treatment (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.69-1.86), open fracture (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.55-1.77), anticoagulant use (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.51-1.66), osteoarthritis with rheumatoid arthritis (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.38-1.82), anticonvulsant use with benzodiazepines (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.36-1.62), opioid use (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.34-1.52), diabetes (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.21-1.61), high-energy injury (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.27-1.49), anticonvulsant use (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.31-1.43), osteoporosis (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14-1.34), male gender (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16-1.25), insulin use (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.31), smoking (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14-1.26), benzodiazepine use (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10-1.31), obesity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.12-1.25), antibiotic use (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.21), osteoporosis medication use (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08-1.26), vitamin D deficiency (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.22), diuretic use (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07-1.18), and renal insufficiency (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17) (multivariate P Conclusions and Relevance The probability of fracture nonunion can be based on patient-specific risk factors at presentation. Risk of nonunion is a function of fracture severity, fracture location, disease comorbidity, and medication use.
384 citations
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TL;DR: A statistical method for modelling co-occurrence patterns between species while accounting for imperfect detection and site characteristics is presented and some evidence of a statistical interaction between species in terms of detectability is found that may be due to changes in relative abundances.
Abstract: Summary 1. Over the last 30 years there has been a great deal of interest in investigating patterns of species co-occurrence across a number of locations, which has led to the development of numerous methods to determine whether there is evidence that a particular pattern may not have occurred by random chance. 2. A key aspect that seems to have been largely overlooked is the possibility that species may not always be detected at a location when present, which leads to ‘false absences’ in a species presence/absence matrix that may cause incorrect inferences to be made about co-occurrence patterns. Furthermore, many of the published methods for investigating patterns of species co-occurrence do not account for potential differences in the site characteristics that may partially (at least) explain non-random patterns (e.g. due to species having similar/different habitat preferences). 3. Here we present a statistical method for modelling co-occurrence patterns between species while accounting for imperfect detection and site characteristics. This method requires that multiple presence/absence surveys for the species be conducted over a reasonably short period of time at most sites. The method yields unbiased estimates of probabilities of occurrence, and is practical when the number of species is small ( < 4). 4. To illustrate the method we consider data collected on two terrestrial salamander species, Plethodon jordani and members of the Plethodon glutinosus complex, collected in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. We find no evidence that the species do not occur independently at sites once site elevation has been allowed for, although we find some evidence of a statistical interaction between species in terms of detectability that we suggest may be due to changes in relative abundances.
384 citations
Authors
Showing all 44525 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yi Cui | 220 | 1015 | 199725 |
Jing Wang | 184 | 4046 | 202769 |
Rodney S. Ruoff | 164 | 666 | 194902 |
Carlos Bustamante | 161 | 770 | 106053 |
David W. Johnson | 160 | 2714 | 140778 |
Joseph Wang | 158 | 1282 | 98799 |
David Tilman | 158 | 340 | 149473 |
Jay Hauser | 155 | 2145 | 132683 |
James M. Tour | 143 | 859 | 91364 |
Joseph T. Hupp | 141 | 731 | 82647 |
Bin Liu | 138 | 2181 | 87085 |
Rudolph E. Tanzi | 135 | 638 | 85376 |
Richard C. Boucher | 129 | 490 | 54509 |
David B. Allison | 129 | 836 | 69697 |
Robert W. Heath | 128 | 1049 | 73171 |