Showing papers by "North Eastern Hill University published in 2013"
TL;DR: Present investigation suggests the effectiveness of SCoT marker system to estimate the genetic diversity of D. nobile and that it can be seen as a preliminary point for future research on the population and evolutionary genetics of this endangered orchid species of medicinal importance.
112 citations
TL;DR: The native Mimosa spp.
91 citations
TL;DR: Amberlyst A21 was found to be an extremely efficient catalyst for synthesis of a series of 6-amino-4-alkyl/aryl-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-carbonitriles by a four-component reaction of a mixture of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehyde, and malononitrile in ethanol at room temperature as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Amberlyst A21 was found to be an extremely efficient catalyst for synthesis of a series of 6-amino-4-alkyl/aryl-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-carbonitriles by a four-component reaction of a mixture of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehyde, and malononitrile in ethanol at room temperature. The catalytic efficiency of Amberlyst A21 was compared with some other resin-bound free and anionic bases in order to ascertain the best catalyst for the said conversion. The catalyst was found to work extremely well also for acyclic/cyclic ketones to give corresponding dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles or their spirocyclic variants. Easy recovery of the catalyst and its reusability, room temperature reaction conditions, short reaction time, excellent yields, no chromatographic purification, and evasion of environmentally hazardous solvents in the entire reaction process may make this protocol very useful for academia and industry.
87 citations
TL;DR: Judging by the number of publications within the last six years, it is obvious that the field of protein glutathionylation impinges on many aspects of biology, from regulation of protein function to roles of cell cycle and apoptosis.
Abstract: The tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular nonprotein thiol, and it is involved in many cellular functions including redox-homeostatic buffering. Cellular radiosensitivity has been shown to be inversely correlated to the endogenous level of GSH. On the other hand, controversy is raised with respect to its role in the field of radioprotection since GSH failed to provide consistent protection in several cases. Reports have been published that DNA repair in cells has a dependence on GSH. Subsequently, S-glutathionylation (forming mixed disulfides with the protein–sulfhydryl groups), a potent mechanism for posttranslational regulation of a variety of regulatory and metabolic proteins when there is a change in the celluar redox status (lower GSH/GSSG ratio), has received increased attention over the last decade. GSH, as a single agent, is found to affect DNA damage and repair, redox regulation and multiple cell signaling pathways. Thus, seemingly, GSH does not only act as a radioprotector against DNA damage induced by X-rays through glutathionylation, it may also act as a modulator of the DNA-repair activity. Judging by the number of publications within the last six years, it is obvious that the field of protein glutathionylation impinges on many aspects of biology, from regulation of protein function to roles of cell cycle and apoptosis. Aberrant protein glutathionylation and its association with cancer and other diseases is an area of increasing interest.
83 citations
TL;DR: Tylophorine exerts anti-angiogenesis effects via VEGFR2 signaling pathway thus, may be a viable drug candidate in anti-ANGiogenesis and anti-cancer therapies.
Abstract: Anti-angiogenesis targeting VEGFR2 has been considered as an important strategy for cancer therapy. Tylophorine is known to possess anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity, but its roles in tumor angiogenesis, the key step involved in tumor growth and metastasis, and the involved molecular mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, we examined its anti-angiogenic effects and mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. We used tylophorine and analyzed its inhibitory effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor in vivo. Tylophorine significantly inhibited a series of VEGF-induced angiogenesis processes including proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. Besides, it directly inhibited VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase activity and its downstream signaling pathways including Akt, Erk and ROS in endothelial cells. Using HUVECs we demonstrated that tylophorine inhibited VEGF-stimulated inflammatory responses including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MMP-2 and NO secretion. Tylophorine significantly inhibited neovascularization in sponge implant angiogenesis assay and also inhibited tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Molecular docking simulation indicated that tylophorine could form hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions within the ATP-binding region of the VEGFR2 kinase unit. Tylophorine exerts anti-angiogenesis effects via VEGFR2 signaling pathway thus, may be a viable drug candidate in anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer therapies.
75 citations
TL;DR: A bis-heteroleptic Ru(II) complex is presented that acts as a single molecular dual analyte sensor and quantifies Hg(2+) and Ag(+) by luminescence at two different wavelengths.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Aspergillus niger (ANL) was found to be an extremely effective catalyst for four-component synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c ]pyrazoles from a stoichiometric mixture of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehyde/ketone, and malononitrile in ethanol.
Abstract: Lipase from Aspergillus niger (ANL) was found to be an extremely effective catalyst for four-component synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3- c ]pyrazoles from a stoichiometric mixture of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehyde/ketone, and malononitrile in ethanol. The lipase ANL showed a broad range of enzymatic promiscuity toward various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes as well as ketones. Use of environmentally benign biocatalyst, reusability of the catalyst, room temperature reaction conditions, no hazardous solvent, and excellent yields are some of the important features of this protocol.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used α-santalol and analyzed its inhibitory effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Prostate tumor cells (PC-3 or LNCaP) in vitro.
Abstract: VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitors, as efficient antiangiogenesis agents, have been applied in the cancer treatment. However, recently, most of these anticancer drugs have some adverse effects. Discovery of novel VEGFR2 inhibitors as anticancer drug candidates is still needed. We used α-santalol and analyzed its inhibitory effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Prostate tumor cells (PC-3 or LNCaP) in vitro. Tumor xenografts in nude mice were used to examine the in vivo activity of α-santalol. α-santalol significantly inhibits HUVEC proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation. Western blot analysis indicated that α-santalol inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 kinase and the downstream protein kinases including AKT, ERK, FAK, Src, mTOR, and pS6K in HUVEC, PC-3 and LNCaP cells. α-santalol treatment inhibited ex vivo and in vivo angiogenesis as evident by rat aortic and sponge implant angiogenesis assay. α-santalol significantly reduced the volume and the weight of solid tumors in prostate xenograft mouse model. The antiangiogenic effect by CD31 immunohistochemical staining indicated that α-santalol inhibited tumorigenesis by targeting angiogenesis. Furthermore, α-santalol reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells, which were correlated with the downregulation of AKT, mTOR and P70S6K expressions. Molecular docking simulation indicated that α-santalol form hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions within the ATP-binding region of the VEGFR2 kinase unit. α-santalol inhibits angiogenesis by targeting VEGFR2 regulated AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway, and could be used as a potential drug candidate for cancer therapy.
64 citations
TL;DR: These natural isolates efficient in uranium binding and harbouring phosphatase enzyme and metal-transporting genes could possibly play a vital role in the bioremediation of metal-/radionuclide-contaminated environments.
Abstract: Uranium (U)-tolerant aerobic chemo-heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the sub-surface soils of U-rich deposits in Domiasiat, North East India. The bacterial community explored at molecular level by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) resulted in 51 distinct phylotypes. Bacterial community assemblages at the U mining site with the concentration of U ranging from 20 to 100 ppm, were found to be most diverse. Representative bacteria analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing were affiliated to Firmicutes (51%), Gammaproteobacteria (26%), Actinobacteria (11%), Bacteroidetes (10%) and Betaproteobacteria (2%). Representative strains removed more than 90% and 53% of U from 100 µM and 2 mM uranyl nitrate solutions, respectively, at pH 3.5 within 10 min of exposure and the activity was retained until 24 h. Overall, 76% of characterized isolates possessed phosphatase enzyme and 53% had PIB-type ATPase genes. This study generated baseline information on the diverse indigenous U-tolerant bacteria which could serve as an indicator to estimate the environmental impact expected to be caused by mining in the future. Also, these natural isolates efficient in uranium binding and harbouring phosphatase enzyme and metal-transporting genes could possibly play a vital role in the bioremediation of metal-/radionuclide-contaminated environments.
63 citations
TL;DR: It may be suggested that cantharidin-mediated anticancer activity could be due to decrease in the protective ability of cancer cells by ROS and subsequent activation of effecter caspases leading to apoptotic cell death.
Abstract: The present work describes the anticancer activity of cantharidin isolated from red-headed blister beetles, Epicauta hirticornis and its possible mode of action involving induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress and decrease in glutathione against murine ascites Dalton's lymphoma. The structure of isolated compound was confirmed as cantharidin by X-ray diffraction method. Cantharidin treatment showed potent anticancer activity with an increase in life span (~ 87%) of tumor-bearing mice. Cantharidin treatment induced apoptosis in Dalton's lymphoma cells and also caused an oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in lipid peroxidation. The observed canthardin-mediated decrease in glutathione and glutathione related enzymes activities in the tumor cells may weaken the cellular antioxidant system. Moreover, cantharidin treatment also caused a significant decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome c and simultaneous increase in cytosolic cytochrome c which ultimately facilitates activation of caspase 9 and 3 to augment mitochondrial apoptotic pathway causing cancer cell death. Based on the present findings, it may be suggested that cantharidin-mediated anticancer activity could be due to decrease in the protective ability of cancer cells by ROS and subsequent activation of effecter caspases leading to apoptotic cell death.
55 citations
TL;DR: Single-crystal X-ray crystallography showed that the molecular complexes can aggregate into larger entities depending upon the anion coordinated to the metal centre, indicating that the anions exert a substantial influence on the formation of the compounds.
Abstract: Ten neutral monomeric, dimeric and polymeric mercury(II) complexes of compositions HgX2L (3, 8), [HgX2L]2 (1, 2, 4–6 and 7), [Hg(NO3)2L]n (9) and {[Hg(N3)2L]2}n (10) where X = chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate and azide, and L = (E)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)arylamine, are described. Compounds 1–10 were characterized by elemental analyses, and IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies. The solution-state photophysical properties of the complexes are highly dependent on the anions as seen in the fluorescence emission features. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography showed that the molecular complexes can aggregate into larger entities depending upon the anion coordinated to the metal centre. Iodide gives discrete monomeric complexes, chloride and bromide generate binuclear complexes formed through Hg–X–Hg bridges, while nitrate and azide lead to 1D coordination polymers. The significant differences in the observed aggregation patterns of the compounds indicate that the anions exert a substantial influence on the formation of the compounds. A further influence upon supramolecular aggregation is the presence of methyl substituents in L3 and L4, which generally enhances the probability of forming supramolecular π⋯π interactions involving the five-membered C2N2Hg chelate rings in their crystal structures.
TL;DR: Findings of the present study provide significant evidence that Piroxicam acts as a potent AQP4 regulator and renders neuroprotection in focal cerebral ischemia and could be clinically exploited for the treatment of brain stroke along with other anti-stroke therapeutics in future.
Abstract: Background and Purpose
Aquaporin-4(AQP4) is an abundant water channel protein in brain that regulates water transport to maintain homeostasis. Cerebral edema resulting from AQP4 over expression is considered to be one of the major determinants for progressive neuronal insult during cerebral ischemia. Although, both upregulation and downregulation of AQP4 expression is associated with brain pathology, over expression of AQP4 is one of the chief contributors of water imbalance in brain during ischemic pathology. We have found that Piroxicam binds to AQP4 with optimal binding energy value. Thus, we hypothesized that Piroxicam is neuroprotective in the rodent cerebral ischemic model by mitigating cerebral edema via AQP4 regulation.
Methods
Rats were treated with Piroxicam OR placebo at 30 min prior, 2 h post and 4 h post 60 minutes of MCAO followed by 24 hour reperfusion. Rats were evaluated for neurological deficits and motor function just before sacrifice. Brains were harvested for infarct size estimation, water content measurement, biochemical analysis, RT-PCR and western blot experiments.
Results
Piroxicam pretreatment thirty minutes prior to ischemia and four hour post reperfusion afforded neuroprotection as evident through significant reduction in cerebral infarct volume, improvement in motor behavior, neurological deficit and reduction in brain edema. Furthermore, ischemia induced surge in levels of nitrite and malondialdehyde were also found to be significantly reduced in ischemic brain regions in treated animals. This neuroprotection was found to be associated with inhibition of acid mediated rise in intracellular calcium levels and also downregulated AQP4 expression.
Conclusions
Findings of the present study provide significant evidence that Piroxicam acts as a potent AQP4 regulator and renders neuroprotection in focal cerebral ischemia. Piroxicam could be clinically exploited for the treatment of brain stroke along with other anti-stroke therapeutics in future.
TL;DR: In this paper, the combined application of plant wax and branched glycerol dialkyl glyceroline tetraethers (brGDGTs) has been suggested as proxy for paleo-elevation.
TL;DR: Flow cytometry-based cell cycle analysis showed a time-dependent accumulation of the sub-G0 population of DL cells, thus, confirming the involvement of apoptosis in tumor cells in cantharidin-mediated antitumor activity and signify that the apoptosis induced by canthARidin in DL cells should involve mitochondrial-dependent pathways.
Abstract: Cantharidin, a type of terpenoid, is the blistering agent of blister beetles frequently used in traditional medicine. The isolation and anticancer activity of cantharidin from blister beetles, Mylabris cichorii has been recently reported by us. This study deals with changes in mitochondrial structure and function and understanding their significance in the underlying mechanism(s) in cantharidin-mediated antitumor effects in Dalton's lymphoma (DL) bearing mice. Cantharidin treatment caused the appearance of abnormal mitochondrial features which included roundish mitochondria with thickened membranes, irregularity in cristae, and appearance of small and large size vacuoles in mitochondria of DL cells. Cantharidin treatment resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial reduced glutathione, succinate dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced apoptosis and necrosis in DL cells. The decrease/release of mitochondrial cytochrome c were also observed after cantharidin treatment. Flow cytometry-based cell cycle analysis showed a time-dependent accumulation of the sub-G0 population of DL cells, thus, confirming the involvement of apoptosis in tumor cells in cantharidin-mediated antitumor activity. These finding signify that the apoptosis induced by cantharidin in DL cells should involve mitochondrial-dependent pathways. It is suggested that these cantharidin-mediated changes in mitochondria may play a crucial role in its antitumor activity.
TL;DR: This paper introduced the concept of the Indian Face as a discursive and somatic image, or a face-scape, that represents the Indian nation with the aim of rendering legible the existing confusion between Mongoloid phenotypes, preponderant in India's Northeast, and Indian citizenship.
Abstract: This article introduces the concept of the “Indian Face” as a discursive and somatic image, or a face-scape, that represents the Indian nation with the aim of rendering legible the existing confusion between Mongoloid phenotypes, preponderant in India's Northeast, and Indian citizenship. We posit that Mongoloid phenotypes have not found a place in the common imaginary of the “Indian Face,” although the latter is itself a highly diversified and inclusive concept. Northeasterners are often nonrecognized and misrecognized, or mirrored back by the wider Indian society as foreigners, hailing from such places as China, Nepal, Thailand, or Japan, and this withholding of “Indianness” works to discriminate against and marginalize them. To theorize this predicament we propose to substitute the logo-map, central to much theorizing of nationalism, with a “physiognomic map,” drawn on the imaginings of what a co-citizen might look like. The nonrecognition, or nonacceptance, of Northeasterners as equal Indians extends, ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the aggregation behavior of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (AOT) in aqueous media containing tetraalkylammonium bromide (TAAB) was studied by surface tension, fluorescence (with pyrene as the probe), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements.
Abstract: The aggregation behavior of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (AOT) in aqueous media containing tetraalkylammonium bromide (TAAB, where alkyl = ethyl (TEAB), propyl (TPAB) and butyl (TBAB)) was studied by surface tension, fluorescence (with pyrene as the probe), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. A comparison of the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of AOT in the presence of the salts showed the order TBAB < TPAB < TEAB < NH4Cl < NaCl. Synergism in the cmc occurs when the solution contains a mixture of sodium and tetraalkylammonium counterions. The counterion binding behavior was examined by applying the modified Corrin–Harkins (CH) equation which revealed that a special counterion binding behavior of AOT exists in aqueous solutions with tetraalkylammonium salts. The modified CH equation and DLS data indicate a change in the shape of the surfactant aggregates, which was confirmed by the SANS data. Dehydration of the head group and the counterion during their interaction appears to induce a micelle-to-vesicle transition in the aggregates.
TL;DR: Present investigation suggests the efficiency of SPAR methods to estimate the genetic diversity of V. coerulea and can be seen as a starting point for future research on the population and evolutionary genetics of this species.
TL;DR: The pyran ring and its derivatives have been and continue to be a subject of considerable importance due to their wide spectrum of biological applications as mentioned in this paper, and they have been used in many applications.
TL;DR: An expression pattern based biclustering technique for grouping both positively and negatively regulated genes from microarray expression data by using a BiClust tree that needs single pass over the entire dataset to find a set of biologically relevant biclusters.
TL;DR: The roots of Potentilla fulgens have been used for a long time as a folk remedy for many ailments without having information on its pharmacological action, but the ethyl acetate fraction was found to possess better antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and therefore this plant can be a source of natural antioxidants.
TL;DR: Amberlyst A21, a neutral ion exchange resin and a solid base, can catalyze the three-component reaction of aldehyde and malononitrile with various active methylene compounds at room temperature to synthesize a range of pharmaceutically important pyran annulated heterocycles as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: It is pointed out that this is a biome with a vast reservoir of bacteria which decrease with increasing altitudes, and highlights the microbiological importance of the poorly studied Eastern Himalayan range, justifying efforts to explore the prevalence of novel species in the biome.
Abstract: The Northeastern part of India sprawls over an area of 262 379km2 in the Eastern Himalayan range. This constitutes a biodiversity hotspot with high levels of biodiversity and endemism; unfortunately, is also a poorly known area, especially on its microbial diversity. In this study, we assessed cultivable soil bacterial diversity and distribution from lowlands to highlands (34 to 3 990m.a.s.l.). Soil physico-chemical parameters and forest types across the different altitudes were characterized and correlated with bacterial distribution and diversity. Microbes from the soil samples were grown in Nutrient, Muller Hinton and Luria-Bertani agar plates and were initially characterized using biochemical methods. Parameters like dehydrogenase and urease activities, temperature, moisture content, pH, carbon content, bulk density of the sampled soil were measured for each site. Representative isolates were also subjected to 16S rDNA sequence analysis. A total of 155 cultivable bacterial isolates were characterized which were analyzed for richness, evenness and diversity indices. The tropical and sub-tropical forests supported higher bacterial diversity compared to temperate pine, temperate conifer, and sub-alpine rhododendron forests. The 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis revealed that Firmicutes was the most common group followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Species belonging to the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas were the most abundant. Bacterial CFU showed positive but insignificant correlation with soil parameters like pH (r=0.208), soil temperature (r=0.303), ambient temperature (r=0.443), soil carbon content (r=0.525), soil bulk density (r=0.268), soil urease (r=0.549) and soil dehydrogenase (r=0.492). Altitude (r=- 0.561) and soil moisture content (r=-0.051) showed negative correlation. Altitudinal gradient along with the vegetation and soil physico-chemical parameters were found to influence bacterial diversity and distribution. This study points out that this is a biome with a vast reservoir of bacteria which decrease with increasing altitudes, and highlights the microbiological importance of the poorly studied Eastern Himalayan range, justifying efforts to explore the prevalence of novel species in the biome.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Methods to obtain and analyze CD spectra to determine the conformational changes associated with the unfolding of proteins as a function of denaturants and temperature are summarized.
Abstract: Circular dichroism (CD) is an exceptional tool for rapid determination of thermodynamic parameters associated with the folding/unfolding of proteins. CD has the advantage that the measurements are quick, reliable and can be made under physiological conditions in a very short time. In this article, we summarize methods to obtain and analyze CD spectra to determine the conformational changes associated with the unfolding of proteins as a function of denaturants and temperature. Finally, recent developments with CD studies are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient method for the synthesis of β-nitro alcohols from nitro alkanes and aldehydes in aqueous phosphate buffer under neutral pH conditions at room temperature is reported.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This paper proposes a novel method of global optimization based on host-parasite co-evolution and develops a Fortran-77 code for the algorithm, which has been used for solving the 'completing the incomplete correlation matrix' problem encountered in financial economics.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel method of global optimization based on host-parasite co-evolution. It also develops a Fortran-77 code for the algorithm. The algorithm has been tested on 100 benchmark functions (of which the results of 32 relatively harder problems have been reported). In its search ability, the proposed method is comparable to the Differential Evolution method of global optimization. The method has been used for solving the 'completing the incomplete correlation matrix' problem encountered in financial economics. It is found that the proposed method as well as the Differential Evolution method solves the problem, but the proposed method provides results much faster than the Differential Evolution method.
TL;DR: Fluorescence quantum yield, fluorescence lifetime of the first excited singlet state, radiative and non-radiative rate constants of the porphyrins are reported in solvents of varying polarity.
TL;DR: The cytotoxic potency and apoptotic index of cisplatin was found to significantly enhanced in combination with noni in different human cervical carcinoma cells and it therefore holds significance as promising herbal-based anticancer agent.
Abstract: Cervical cancer is a major health problem worldwide and is the most frequent cause of cancer in women in India. Early detection and affordable drugs with clinical efficacy have to go hand-in-hand in order to comprehensibly address this serious health challenge. Plant-based drugs with potent anticancer effects should add to the efforts to find a cheap drug with limited clinical side effects. Keeping this very purpose in mind, an attempt has been made in this review to explore the potential of plant extracts or constituents known to exhibit antitumorigenic activity or exert cytotoxic effect in human cervical carcinoma cells. Alkaloids such as those isolated from C. vincetoxicum and T. Tanakae, naucleaorals A and B, isolated from the roots of N. orientalis, (6aR)-normecambroline, isolated from the bark of N. dealbata appear promising in different human cervical carcinoma cells with the IC 50 of 4.0-8 µg/mL. However, other compounds such as rhinacanthone and neolignans isolated from different plants are not far behind and kill cervical cancer cells at a very low concentrations. Among plant extracts or its constituents that enhance the effect of known anticancer drugs, noni, derived from the plant M. citrifolia perhaps is the best candidate. The cytotoxic potency and apoptotic index of cisplatin was found to significantly enhanced in combination with noni in different human cervical carcinoma cells and it therefore holds significance as promising herbal-based anticancer agent. However, efficacy needs to be further investigated in various cervical cell lines and more importantly, in in vivo cervical cancer models for possible use as an alternative and safe anticancer drug
TL;DR: Inorganic nutrient availability had a greater impact on petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation than fuel composition, and Ethanol had a bigger impact than biodiesel, reflecting the relative ease of ethanol compared to methyl ester biodegrading.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the mechanism, kinetics and thermochemistry of the gas-phase reactions between CHF 2 CF 2 OCHF 2 and OH radical using the high level ab initio G2(MP2) and hybrid density functional MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) methods.
TL;DR: If RSV+XRT can suppress the signature of cancer stemness, enhance the radiosensitivity by either targeting the mitochondrial functionality or modulating the tumour necrosis factor-mediated or Fas-FasL-mediated pathways of apoptosis in different cancers, particularly in vivo, its therapeutic use in the control of cancers holds promise in the near future.
Abstract: Cancers will continue to be a threat to health unless they can be controlled by combinations of treatment modalities. In this review, evaluate the role of resveratrol (RSV) as a radiosensitizing agent was evaluated and underlying mechanisms holistically explored in different cancer models focusing on therapeutic possibilities. The ability of RSV to modify the effect of radiation exposure in normal and cancer cells has indeed been shown quite convincingly, the combination of RSV and IR exhibiting synergistic effects on different cancer cells. This is relevant since controlled exposure to IR is one of the most frequently applied treatments in cancer patients. However, radiotherapy (XRT) treatment regimes are very often not effective in clinical practice as observed in patients with glioma, prostate cancer (PCa), melanoma, for example, largely due to tumour radioresistant properties. Sensitization of IR-induced apoptosis by natural products such as RSV is likely to be relevant in cancer control and treatment. However, all cancers do not respond to RSV+IR in a similar manner. Therefore, for those such as the radioresistant PCa or melanoma cells, the RSV+IR regime has to be very carefully chosen in order to achieve effective and desirable outcomes with minimum toxicity to normal cells. They are reports that the highest concentration of 100 mM RSV and highest dose of 5 Gy IR are sufficient to kill cells by induction of apoptosis, indicating that RSV is effective in radiosensitizing otherwise radioresistant cells. In general, it has been shown in different cancer cells that RSV+XRT effectively act by enhancing expression of anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic molecules, and inhibiting pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic molecules, leading to induction of apoptosis through various pathways, and cell death. If RSV+XRT can suppress the signature of cancer stemness, enhance the radiosensitivity by either targeting the mitochondrial functionality or modulating the tumour necrosis factor-mediated or Fas-FasL-mediated pathways of apoptosis in different cancers, particularly in vivo, its therapeutic use in the control of cancers holds promise in the near future.