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Showing papers by "Northampton Community College published in 2007"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed examination of factors influencing thermal stability, including the role of chemical constitution of organic modifier, composition and structure of nanocomposites, and mechanisms of improvement of thermal stability in polymer/montmorillonite composites, is presented.

553 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The meaning of context in relation to ontology based query expansion is examined and a review of query expansion approaches including relevance feedback, corpus dependent knowledge models and corpus independent knowledge models are included.
Abstract: This paper examines the meaning of context in relation to ontology based query expansion and contains a review of query expansion approaches. The various query expansion approaches include relevance feedback, corpus dependent knowledge models and corpus independent knowledge models. Case studies detailing query expansion using domain-specific and domain-independent ontologies are also included. The penultimate section attempts to synthesise the information obtained from the review and provide success factors in using an ontology for query expansion. Finally the area of further research in applying context from an ontology to query expansion within a newswire domain is described.

467 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight some of the central ethical challenges involved in undertaking social science research with refugees in conflict and crisis situations, focusing on two main sets of challenges: first the difficulties of constructing an ethical consent process and obtaining genuinely informed consent; and second taking fully into account and responding to refugee participants capacities for autonomy.
Abstract: This paper highlights some of the central ethical challenges involved in undertaking social science research with refugees in conflict and crisis situations. It focuses on two main sets of challenges: first the difficulties of constructing an ethical consent process and obtaining genuinely informed consent; and second taking fully into account and responding to refugee participants capacities for autonomy. The authors also discuss the challenges involved in applying the central normative principles governing ethics review processes-the principles of beneficence integrity respect for persons autonomy and justice-to the context of refugee research. It is argued that researchers should seek ways to move beyond harm minimization as a standard for ethical research and recognize an obligation to design and conduct research projects that aim to bring about reciprocal benefits for refugee participants and/or communities. Some of the methodological issues raised by this analysis are discussed in the conclusion. (authors)

436 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral sensitivity of non-image-forming responses in two profoundly blind subjects lacking functional rods and cones (one male, 56 yr old; one female, 87 yr old) was examined and found that short-wavelength light preferentially suppressed melatonin, reset the circadian pacemaker, and directly enhanced alertness compared to 555 nm exposure.

337 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic changes in thermal behavior of different polymeric matrixes (e.g. polyolefins, polyamides, polyvinyl chloride) upon addition of montmorillonite have been described.

286 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The European Socio-economic Classification (ESeC) as mentioned in this paper is a categorical social class schema based on the concept of employment relations, which was proposed by the European Statistical Office as part of its Statistical Harmonization Programme.
Abstract: As a result of an initiative by the European Statistical Office as part of its Statistical Harmonisation Programme, a prototype of a common European Socio-economic Classification (ESeC) has been created. ESeC is a categorical social class schema based on the concept of employment relations. The paper explains the conceptual basis of ESeC, describes the categories of the classification and how they may be collapsed for analytic purposes, as well as indicating how it is operationalised. The operational variants of ESeC, depending on the data available for its construction, are also discussed. In the second part of the paper some key findings of comparative analyses which use ESeC to examine issues relating to unemployment, education, poverty, deprivation and health across the EU are summarised. These analyses demonstrate the potential of ESeC as a major advance for an improved understanding of the patterns of European social inequalities. As such, this new classification should be of vital importan...

271 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A personal experience of soundscape listening is the starting point, and uncovers basic ideas relating to the disposition and behaviour of sounding content, and listening strategy that lead to concepts central to the structuring of perspectival space in relation to the vantage point of the listener.
Abstract: The analytical discussion of acousmatic music can benefit from being based on spatial concepts, and this article aims to provide a framework for investigation. A personal experience of soundscape listening is the starting point, and uncovers basic ideas relating to the disposition and behaviour of sounding content, and listening strategy. This enables the opening out of the discussion to include source-bonded sounds in general, giving particular consideration to how experience of sense modes other than the aural are implicated in our understanding of space, and in acousmatic listening. Attention then shifts to a source-bonded spatial model based on the production of space by the gestural activity of music performance, prior to focusing in more detail on acousmatic music, initially by delving into spectral space, where ideas about gravitation and diagonal forces are germane. This leads to concepts central to the structuring of perspectival space in relation to the vantage point of the listener. The final section considers a methodology for space-form investigation.

212 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Adverse SEP in childhood is associated with a poorer health profile in mid-adulthood, independently of adult social position, and across diverse measures of disease risk and physical and mental functioning.
Abstract: Background Little evidence exists on the role of socio-economic position (SEP) in early life on adult disease other than for cardiovascular mortality; data is often retrospective. We assess whether childhood SEP influences disease risk in mid-life, separately from the effect of adult position, and establish how associations vary across multiple measures of disease risk.Methods Prospective follow-up to adulthood of all born in England, Scotland and Wales during I week in 1958, and with medical data at age 45 years (n = 9377). Outcomes include: blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlc), total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), hearing threshold (4 kHz), visual impairment, symptoms of depression and anxiety, chronic widespread pain.Results Social class in childhood was associated with blood pressure, BMI, HbAlc, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, FEV1, hearing threshold, depressive symptoms and chronic widespread pain, with a general trend of deteriorating health from class I to V. Adult social class was also associated with these measures. Mutually adjusted analyses of child and adult social class suggest that both contribute to disease risk in mid-life: in general, associations for childhood class were as strong as for adult class. Individuals with a manual class at both time-points tended to have the greatest health deficits in adulthood.Conclusions Adverse SEP in childhood is associated with a poorer health profile in midadulthood, independently of adult social position, and across diverse measures of disease risk and physical and mental functioning.

188 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined antecedents and outcomes of educational and occupational aspirations of young men and women, covering the transition from dependent childhood into independent adulthood, using data collected from two longitudinal Cohort Studies following the lives of over 20,000 individuals.

158 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For group comparisons, proxy respondents who are in frequent contact with people with chronic aphasia can reliably report on their health related quality of life, using the SAQOL-39.
Abstract: Background and purpose: Health related quality of life outcomes are increasingly used to measure the effectiveness of stroke interventions. People with severe aphasia after stroke may be unable to self-report on such measures, necessitating the use of proxy respondents. We explored the level of agreement between people with aphasia (PWA) and their proxies on the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL-39) and whether this agreement is influenced by demographic variables and proxy levels of depression and carer strain. Methods: People with chronic aphasia (⩾6 months post stroke) were recruited through the UK national charity for PWA. They were interviewed on the SAQOL-39 and their nominated proxies were interviewed on the SAQOL-39, the General Health Questionnaire and the Caregiver Strain Index. Proxy respondents had to be ⩾18 years of age, see the person with aphasia at least twice a week and have no known severe mental health problems or cognitive decline. Results: 50 of 55 eligible pairs (91%) took part in the study. Proxies rated PWA as more severely affected than PWA rated themselves. The SDs of the difference scores were large and the difference was significant for three of the four SAQOL-39 domains and the overall mean (p⩽0.01). However, the bias as indicated by effect sizes was small to moderate (0.2–0.5). The strength of the agreement was excellent for the overall SAQOL-39 and the physical domain (intra-class correlation coefficient ICC 0.8), good for the psychosocial and communication domains (0.7) and fair for the energy domain (0.5). Demographic variables and proxy’s mood and carer strain did not affect the level of agreement. Conclusions: For group comparisons, proxy respondents who are in frequent contact with people with chronic aphasia can reliably report on their health related quality of life, using the SAQOL-39. Although there are significant differences between PWA and proxy responses, the magnitude of this difference is small to moderate.

149 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results support an earlier hypothesis which suggests that the onset of sudden changes in neural activity in the visual cortex when a visual stimulus is presented to the eye causes an overall perturbation which weakens transiently the regulatory inhibitory input to the pupillomotor nucleus.

Journal ArticleDOI
31 May 2007-BMJ
TL;DR: Most of the literature on rape and sexual assault is retrospective, but this work aims to provide an evidence based review of their management.
Abstract: Sexual violence is a global problem. The lifetime risk of attempted or completed rape is up to 20% for women, but men and children are also often sexually violated.1 Sequelae include unwanted pregnancies; sexually transmitted infections, including HIV; depression; and post-traumatic stress disorder. Most of the literature on rape and sexual assault is retrospective, but we aim to provide an evidence based review of their management. #### Summary points #### Sources and selection criteria We searched Medline using the term “sexual assault”. We also took account of the Cochrane review of interventions for emergency contraception and for trauma related symptoms and the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder. Guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and national and World Health Organization guidelines were also considered. We searched our personal archives of references and consulted experts. Anyone can be sexually assaulted but some people are especially vulnerable, such as adolescents and young women, people with disabilities, poor and homeless people, sex workers, and those living in institutions or areas of conflict.1 Consumption of alcohol is commonly linked with sexual assault,2 although covert administration of drugs …

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Understanding of the structure of mutualistic relationships is extended into previously unexplored taxonomic and physical realms, and how nestedness analysis can be applied to the conservation of obligate species interactions is suggested.
Abstract: The interaction structure of mutualistic relationships, in terms of relative specialization of the partners, is important to understanding their ecology and evolution. Analyses of the mutualistic interaction between anemonefish and their host sea anemones show that the relationship is highly nested in structure, generalist species interacting with one another and specialist species interacting mainly with generalists. This supports the hypothesis that the configuration of mutualistic interactions will tend towards nestedness. In this case, the structure of the interaction is at a much larger scale than previously hypothesized, across more than 180° of longitude and some 60° of latitude, probably owing to the pelagic dispersal capabilities of these species in a marine environment. Additionally, we found weak support for the hypothesis that geographically widespread species should be more generalized in their interactions than species with small ranges. This study extends understanding of the structure of mutualistic relationships into previously unexplored taxonomic and physical realms, and suggests how nestedness analysis can be applied to the conservation of obligate species interactions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the beta state is modulated in a task‐relevant way with accompanying behavioural consequences, and this up‐regulation of beta synchrony is associated with improved behavioural performance.
Abstract: Synchronized oscillatory activity in the beta frequency band (13-30 Hz) can be detected in the cerebral motor cortex of healthy humans in the form of corticomuscular coherence. Elevated beta activity is associated with impaired processing of new movements and with more efficient postural or tonic contraction. Accordingly, beta activity is suppressed prior to voluntary movements, rebounding thereafter in the face of peripheral afferance. However, it remains to be established whether synchronized activity in the beta band can be up-regulated in a task-appropriate way independently of confounding changes in sensory afferance. Here we show that there is a systematic and prospective increase in beta synchrony prior to an expected postural challenge. This up-regulation of beta synchrony is associated with improved behavioural performance. We instructed nine healthy subjects to perform a reaction-time movement of the index finger in response to an imperative visual cue or to resist a stretch to the finger in the same direction. These events were preceded by congruent and less common incongruent warning cues. Beta synchrony was temporally increased when subjects were warned of an impending stretch and decreased following a warning cue signalling a forthcoming reaction-time task. Finger positions were less successfully maintained in the face of stretches and reaction times were longer when warning cues were incongruent. The results suggest that the beta state is modulated in a task-relevant way with accompanying behavioural consequences.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Direct observation is a useful, sensitive method for detecting medication administration errors in psychiatry and detects many more errors than chart review or incident reports.
Abstract: Background. Relatively little is known about medication administration errors in mental health settings. Objective. To investigate the frequency and nature of medication administration errors in old-age psychiatry. To assess the acceptability of the observational technique to nurse participants. Method. Cross-sectional study technique using (i) direct observation, (ii) medication chart review and (iii) incident reports. Setting. Two elderly long-stay wards in an independent UK psychiatric hospital. Participants. Nine nurses administering medication at routine medication rounds. Main outcome measures. Frequency, type and severity of directly observed medication administration errors compared with errors detected by retrospective chart review and incident reports. Results. Using direct observation 369 errors in 1423 opportunities for errors (25.9%) were detected vs. chart review detected 148 errors and incident reports none. Most errors were of doubtful or minor severity. The pharmacist intervened on four occasions to prevent an error causing patient harm. The commonest errors observed were unauthorized tablet crushing or capsule opening (111/369, 30.1%), omission without a valid reason (100/369, 27.1%) and failure to record administration (87/369, 23.6%). Among the nurses observed, the error rate varied widely from no errors to one error in every two doses administered. Of the seven nurses who completed the post-observation questionnaire, all said they would be willing to be observed again. Conclusion. Medication administration errors are common and mostly minor. Direct observation is a useful, sensitive method for detecting medication administration errors in psychiatry and detects many more errors than chart review or incident reports. The technique appeared to be acceptable to most of the nursing staff that were observed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Past history of DSH was the variable most strongly associated with frequent (4+) and less frequent (1-3) repetitions, and personality disorder was the only variable that was associated with 4+ repetitions compared with no repeats, although a number of variables distinguished between patients with 1-3 repetitions and no repeat episodes.
Abstract: Repetition of deliberate self-harm (DSH) is common. Some patients repeat multiple times. We have investigated the characteristics of repeaters, and mortality in three groups of DSH patients by repetition status. Data collected by the Oxford Monitoring System for Attempted Suicide were used to examine the pattern of repetition of DSH patients presenting to a general hospital between 1990 and 1997. Each patient was tracked through the monitoring system with regard to repetition. Patients traceable through National Death Registers were followed up until 2000 with respect to mortality. A total of 4,167 patients were studied of which 1,022 (24.5%) repeated at least once during follow-up. Using multinomial regression, past history of DSH was the variable most strongly associated with frequent (4+) and less frequent (1-3) repetitions. Risk of suicide was significantly increased in females with frequent repetition (7.7% dying by suicide), compared with both those with 1-3 repetitions (2.3%) and those not repeating (1.0%). The analyses were repeated for the 2,167 patients with no past history of DSH at their first presentation. Using multinomial regression, personality disorder was the only variable that was associated with 4+ repetitions compared with no repetitions, although a number of variables distinguished between patients with 1-3 repetitions and no repeat episodes. For clinicians assessing DSH patients, past history of DSH is the best predictor of infrequent and frequent repetition. In patients with no past history of DSH the presence of personality disorder increases the risk of frequent repetition of DSH.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined the ways in which survey design issues need to be sensitive to the diversity between and within countries and communities, and explored the appropriateness of different modes of data collection between different communities and communities (e.g., self-completion, face-to-face interviews and web-based surveys).
Abstract: This paper will examine the ways in which ‘textbook’ survey research methods need to be adapted and refined for research with forced migrants, and the ways in which cross-national contexts, as well as research within one national context with forced migrants from different communities, affect the utilization of survey methods. Linked to this, the ways in which survey design issues need to be sensitive to the diversity between and within countries and communities will be explored. The paper will draw on two surveys, one a UK national survey and the other a multi-sited comparative survey in the UK and South Africa, to explore access to forced migrants in different contexts and the appropriateness of different modes of data collection between and within countries and communities (e.g. paper self-completion, face-to-face interviews and web-based surveys). The impact of politics, language and literacy, gender, and immigration status, especially irregular and insecure statuses, will be examined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the processes and objectives of qualitative longitudinal analysis in evaluation research, using a recent evaluation study (the evaluation of the Job Retention and Rehabilitation Pilot) as an example.
Abstract: This article describes the processes and objectives of qualitative longitudinal analysis in evaluation research, using a recent evaluation study – the evaluation of the Job Retention and Rehabilitation Pilot – as an example. It describes evaluation research as involving an interplay between four domains of change: individual, service, policy and structural, which makes longitudinal qualitative research a particularly rich data source. It outlines different types of change that may be evident: narrative change, reinterpretation by either participant or researcher, and the absence of change. The article describes how the Framework analysis method was used to analyse longitudinal qualitative research. It examines how the data can be read in different ways to combine cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis, and theme, case and group analysis, and discusses the kind of questions that can be asked of change in longitudinal qualitative evaluation studies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper compares and contrast the use of such status boards in two disparate settings: a US emergency department, and a UK pediatric ward, and note striking similarities in their form and usage, despite the large differences in setting.
Abstract: Large, easily viewed status boards are commonly used in some healthcare settings such as emergency departments, operating theaters, intensive care units, and inpatient wards. Because these artefacts were developed by front-line users, and have little to no supervisory or regulatory control, they offer valuable insights into the theories of work and hazard held by those users. Although the status boards case were locally developed over many years for within-group coordination, they have also become useful for between-group coordination across organizational boundaries. In this paper, we compare and contrast the use of such status boards in two disparate settings: a US emergency department, and a UK pediatric ward, and note striking similarities in their form and usage, despite the large differences in setting.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three experiments are presented in which manipulations that have shown differential effects on different kinds of conscious awareness in memory in typical populations are employed with a sample of adults with Asperger's syndrome, suggesting that the experiences of remembering reported by such individuals, although reduced in quantity, are qualitatively similar to those seen in the typical population.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several new numerical techniques are developed in this paper, including the technique for moving mesh near and on body surfaces, the scheme for estimating the velocities and accelerations of bodies as well as the forces on them, the method for evaluating the fluid velocity on the surface of bodies and the techniques for shortening the transient period.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although individual disease risk is predicted by early life factors, early exposures do not explain regional variations in cardiovascular and respiratory risk factors among middle-aged adults in Britain.
Abstract: BACKGROUND It has been suggested that early life exposures are important determinants of geographical variations in adult diseases. We examined inter-regional migrants in Britain to evaluate the relative importance of early and recent exposures for adult cardiorespiratory risk factors, mental ill-health and sensory function. METHODS A total of 9023 persons born throughout England, Scotland and Wales during 1 week in 1958 were followed periodically through childhood into adulthood. At 44-45 years, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), glycosylated haemoglobin, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), hearing threshold at 4 kHz, visual impairment, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and chronic widespread pain were measured. Analysis of migration between 12 regions included 3125 cohort members who were examined in a region different to their birthplace. RESULTS Height, BMI, diastolic BP (DBP), FEV1, log-transformed IgE and hearing threshold varied by region among non-migrants (each P < 0.05). Among inter-regional migrants, the spatial associations with current region, independent of birthplace, followed closely the geographical pattern shown among non-migrants for BMI, DBP and FEV1 (each P < 0.001). In contrast, of the 15 outcomes, only adult height was related to region of birth, after adjustment for region of examination (P = 0.002) CONCLUSIONS Although individual disease risk is predicted by early life factors, early exposures do not explain regional variations in cardiovascular and respiratory risk factors among middle-aged adults in Britain. Geographical inequalities in cardiorespiratory health are more strongly related to factors associated with region of examination that influence obesity, BP and ventilatory function.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The instrument's sensitivity to differences in clinical outcome and responsiveness to change in clinical parameters makes it a useful tool to assess the outcomes of treatment from the patients' perspective.
Abstract: To develop and validate a disease-specific quality of life (QoL) measure, based on the conceptual model of the SKINDEX-29 for patients with a chronic venous leg ulcer (VLU), in-depth interviews, and focus groups of patients (n=36) with VLU were used to generate VLU-specific items. These items were added to selected SKINDEX-29 items that were adapted for use in VLU. Further samples of VLU patients were used for item reduction (n=124) and to assess the psychometric properties of the new tool (n=120). The final VLU-QoL contained 34 items: 17 items adapted from the SKINDEX-29 and 17 VLU-specific items. Factor analysis of the items confirmed the existence of three hypothesized domains: Activities (12 items), Psychological (12 items), and Symptom Distress (10 items). Reliability in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability was found to be good. The measure was also found to be valid and responsive to clinical change. The VLU-QoL has good psychometric properties. The instrument's sensitivity to differences in clinical outcome and responsiveness to change in clinical parameters makes it a useful tool to assess the outcomes of treatment from the patients' perspective.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The size of the discrimination ellipse in normal observers is the same in both viewing conditions, hut the use of the RLM technique reveals the extent of the isochromatic zones in colour deficient observers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a paucity of validated questionnaires assessing psychiatric symptoms in Urdu, and the BSI, SRQ and AKUADS are the questionnaires that have been most thoroughly evaluated inUrdu.
Abstract: Background Researchers setting out to conduct research employing questionnaires in non-English speaking populations need instruments that have been validated in the indigenous languages. In this study we have tried to review the literature on the status of cross-cultural and/or criterion validity of all the questionnaires measuring psychiatric symptoms available in Urdu language.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of DNA material recovered from the volume crime offences of residential burglary, commercial burglary, and theft of motor vehicle in Northamptonshire, U.K, in 2004 has enabled the DNA to be categorized into seven sources, and the most significant predictor was found to be investigating officer accreditation.
Abstract: DNA material is now collected routinely from crime scenes for a wide range of offences and the timely processing of the DNA is seen as key to its success in investigating and detecting crime. An analysis of DNA material recovered from the volume crime offences of residential burglary, commercial burglary, and theft of motor vehicle in Northamptonshire, U.K., in 2004 has enabled the DNA to be categorized into seven sources. Further analysis using a logistical regression has revealed a number of predictors, other than timeliness, that greatly influence whether the DNA material recovered from a crime scene enables the crime to be detected. The results indicate that a number of these predictors are of statistical significance and may be just as relevant in determining whether DNA successfully detects the crime as the timeliness of the processing of the DNA material. The most significant predictor was found to be investigating officer accreditation with location, quantity, and type of DNA material at the crime scene also being relevant. Accreditation of the Crime Scene Examiner recovering the DNA material was found not to be significant. Consideration is given to where further emphasis is needed by the U.K. police service to maximize the opportunities to detect volume crime with DNA.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for users of secure and forensic services (HoNOS-secure) comprises amended versions of the original 12 HoNOS items, and an additional seven-item security scale as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for users of secure and forensic services (HoNOS-secure) comprises amended versions of the original 12 HoNOS items, and an additional seven-item security scale. HoNOS-secure tracks clinical outcome, including ongoing security needs. To investigate the interrater reliability of HoNOS-secure, 60 inpatients were rated independently by two clinicians. There were 34 raters in total. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for six of the seven security items indicated at least moderate agreement; one item indicated fair reliability. ICCs for all 12 HoNOS items indicated fair to substantial consistency between raters. Cronbach's alphas were .73 for the security scale and .79 for the HoNOS scale, indicating acceptable internal reliability. The security scale and the HoNOS items were measured consistently by different raters, indicating that HoNOS-secure is a reliable outcome measure when used in routine clinical practice.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison of detection performance for closed circles or ellipses of a higher curvature with open contours of a lower curvature shows that closure improves contour detection, even though this advantage might be minor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of employing a fuzzy c-means classification for a sample DEM from Snowdonia, Wales, with a number of morphometric measures at different resolutions as input, and morphometric classification of landforms at each resolution as output reveal that different landscape components or morphometric classes are important at differentResolution dependency in their geographical extents is revealed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the details of ion detection, which sample materials are used and the analytical procedures employed for each individual species during routine analysis on the National Electrostatics Corporation (NEC) 5MV pelletron system at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC).
Abstract: In a short time Be, C, Al, Cl, Ca and I accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) have been established on the National Electrostatics Corporation (NEC) 5 MV pelletron system at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC). While summarising the present performance of the system, this report will focus on the details of ion detection, which sample materials are used and the analytical procedures employed for each individual species during routine analysis. All rare isotope detection is with a single flexible detector and ion event analysis system, but switching of analysed species typically requires a detector reconfiguration. Configurations for routine 10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca and 129I detection have been established and will be presented here. Notably, there has proven to be sufficient suppression of the isobaric interferences of 36Cl and 41Ca in the 5+ charge state using an argon gas stripper at a terminal voltage of 5.0 MV to allow for routine analysis of these isotopes.