Northwestern University

About: Northwestern University is a education organization based out in Evanston, Illinois, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 75430 authors who have published 188857 publications receiving 9463252 citations. The organization is also known as: Northwestern & NU.

Completion Dissection or Observation for Sentinel-Node Metastasis in Melanoma

Abstract: BackgroundSentinel-lymph-node biopsy is associated with increased melanoma-specific survival (i.e., survival until death from melanoma) among patients with node-positive intermediate-thickness melanomas (1.2 to 3.5 mm). The value of completion lymph-node dissection for patients with sentinel-node metastases is not clear. MethodsIn an international trial, we randomly assigned patients with sentinel-node metastases detected by means of standard pathological assessment or a multimarker molecular assay to immediate completion lymph-node dissection (dissection group) or nodal observation with ultrasonography (observation group). The primary end point was melanoma-specific survival. Secondary end points included disease-free survival and the cumulative rate of nonsentinel-node metastasis. ResultsImmediate completion lymph-node dissection was not associated with increased melanoma-specific survival among 1934 patients with data that could be evaluated in an intention-to-treat analysis or among 1755 patients in t...

Midazolam: pharmacology and uses.

Abstract: Midazolam is an imidazobenzodiazepine with unique properties when compared with other benzodiazepines It is water soluble in its acid formulation but is highly lipid soluble in vivo Midazolam also has a relatively rapid onset of action and high metabolic clearance when compared with other benzodiazepines The drug produces reliable hypnosis, amnesia, and antianxiety effects when administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously There are many uses for midazolam in the perioperative period including premedication, anesthesia induction and maintenance, and sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures Midazolam is preferable to diazepam in many clinical situations because of its rapid, nonpainful induction and lack of venous irritation Compared with thiopental, midazolam is not as rapid acting nor predictable in hypnotic effect It will not replace thiopental as an induction agent Advantages of midazolam over thiopental are those of the more versatile pharmacologic properties of a benzodiazepine compared with a barbiturate such as amnestic and anxiolytic properties Midazolam should be a useful addition to the formulary

The Career of Metaphor.

Abstract: A central question in metaphor research is how metaphors establish mappings between concepts from different domains. The authors propose an evolutionary path based on structure-mapping theory. This hypothesis--the career of metaphor--postulates a shift in mode of mapping from comparison to categorization as metaphors are conventionalized. Moreover, as demonstrated by 3 experiments, this processing shift is reflected in the very language that people use to make figurative assertions. The career of metaphor hypothesis offers a unified theoretical framework that can resolve the debate between comparison and categorization models of metaphor. This account further suggests that whether metaphors are processed directly or indirectly, and whether they operate at the level of individual concepts or entire conceptual domains, will depend both on their degree of conventionality and on their linguistic form.

Nanoparticle Superlattice Engineering with DNA

Abstract: A current limitation in nanoparticle superlattice engineering is that the identities of the particles being assembled often determine the structures that can be synthesized. Therefore, specific crystallographic symmetries or lattice parameters can only be achieved using specific nanoparticles as building blocks (and vice versa). We present six design rules that can be used to deliberately prepare nine distinct colloidal crystal structures, with control over lattice parameters on the 25- to 150-nanometer length scale. These design rules outline a strategy to independently adjust each of the relevant crystallographic parameters, including particle size (5 to 60 nanometers), periodicity, and interparticle distance. As such, this work represents an advance in synthesizing tailorable macroscale architectures comprising nanoscale materials in a predictable fashion.