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Institution

Northwestern University

EducationEvanston, Illinois, United States
About: Northwestern University is a education organization based out in Evanston, Illinois, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 75430 authors who have published 188857 publications receiving 9463252 citations. The organization is also known as: Northwestern & NU.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The lumi package as discussed by the authors is a Bioconductor package designed to process the Illumina microarray data, which includes data input, quality control, variance stabilization, normalization and gene annotation portions.
Abstract: Summary: Illumina microarray is becoming a popular microarray platform. The BeadArray technology from Illumina makes its preprocessing and quality control different from other microarray technologies. Unfortunately, most other analyses have not taken advantage of the unique properties of the BeadArray system, and have just incorporated preprocessing methods originally designed for Affymetrix microarrays. lumi is a Bioconductor package especially designed to process the Illumina microarray data. It includes data input, quality control, variance stabilization, normalization and gene annotation portions. In specific, the lumi package includes a variance-stabilizing transformation (VST) algorithm that takes advantage of the technical replicates available on every Illumina microarray. Different normalization method options and multiple quality control plots are provided in the package. To better annotate the Illumina data, a vendor independent nucleotide universal identifier (nuID) was devised to identify the probes of Illumina microarray. The nuID annotation packages and output of lumi processed results can be easily integrated with other Bioconductor packages to construct a statistical data analysis pipeline for Illumina data. Availability: The lumi Bioconductor package, www.bioconductor.org

2,072 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review highlights recent advances in the synthesis, bioconjugation, and cellular uses of gold nanoconjugates.
Abstract: Gold colloids have fascinated scientists for over a century and are now heavily utilized in chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. Today these materials can be synthesized reproducibly, modified with seemingly limitless chemical functional groups, and, in certain cases, characterized with atomic-level precision. This Review highlights recent advances in the synthesis, bioconjugation, and cellular uses of gold nanoconjugates. There are now many examples of highly sensitive and selective assays based upon gold nanoconjugates. In recent years, focus has turned to therapeutic possibilities for such materials. Structures which behave as gene-regulating agents, drug carriers, imaging agents, and photoresponsive therapeutics have been developed and studied in the context of cells and many debilitating diseases. These structures are not simply chosen as alternatives to molecule-based systems, but rather for their new physical and chemical properties, which confer substantive advantages in cellular and medical applications.

2,063 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the current research in building models of conditional variances using the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (ARCH) and Generalized ARCH (GARCH) formulations.
Abstract: This paper will discuss the current research in building models of conditional variances using the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (ARCH) and Generalized ARCH (GARCH) formulations. The discussion will be motivated by a simple asset pricing theory which is particularly appropriate for examining futures contracts with risk averse agents. A new class of models defined to be integrated in variance is then introduced. This new class of models includes the variance analogue of a unit root in the mean as a special case. The models are argued to be both theoretically important for the asset pricing models and empirically relevant. The conditional density is then generalized from a normal to a Student-t with unknown degrees of freedom. By estimating the degrees of freedom, implications about the conditional kurtosis of these models and time aggregated models can be drawn. A further generalization allows the conditional variance to be a non-linear function of the squared innovations. Throughout empirical...

2,055 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For instance, the authors describes an upsurge of interest among theorists and researchers in autobiographical recollections, life stories, and narrative approaches to understand human behavior and expe...
Abstract: Recent years have witnessed an upsurge of interest among theorists and researchers in autobiographical recollections, life stories, and narrative approaches to understanding human behavior and expe...

2,050 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: More and more evidence suggests that mROS are critical for healthy cell function, and this evidence is discussed following some background on the generation and regulation ofmROS.

2,038 citations


Authors

Showing all 76189 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
George M. Whitesides2401739269833
Ralph B. D'Agostino2261287229636
Daniel Levy212933194778
David Miller2032573204840
Ronald M. Evans199708166722
Michael Marmot1931147170338
Robert C. Nichol187851162994
Scott M. Grundy187841231821
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Michael A. Strauss1851688208506
Ralph Weissleder1841160142508
Patrick O. Brown183755200985
Aaron R. Folsom1811118134044
Valentin Fuster1791462185164
Ronald C. Petersen1781091153067
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023275
20221,183
202110,513
202010,260
20199,331
20188,301