Showing papers by "Nottingham Trent University published in 2011"
TL;DR: The findings indicate that SNSs are predominantly used for social purposes, mostly related to the maintenance of established offline networks, and extraverts appear to use social networking sites for social enhancement, whereas introverts use it for social compensation.
Abstract: Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are virtual communities where users can create individual public profiles, interact with real-life friends, and meet other people based on shared interests. They are seen as a 'global consumer phenomenon' with an exponential rise in usage within the last few years. Anecdotal case study evidence suggests that 'addiction' to social networks on the Internet may be a potential mental health problem for some users. However, the contemporary scientific literature addressing the addictive qualities of social networks on the Internet is scarce. Therefore, this literature review is intended to provide empirical and conceptual insight into the emerging phenomenon of addiction to SNSs by: (1) outlining SNS usage patterns, (2) examining motivations for SNS usage, (3) examining personalities of SNS users, (4) examining negative consequences of SNS usage, (5) exploring potential SNS addiction, and (6) exploring SNS addiction specificity and comorbidity. The findings indicate that SNSs are predominantly used for social purposes, mostly related to the maintenance of established offline networks. Moreover, extraverts appear to use social networking sites for social enhancement, whereas introverts use it for social compensation, each of which appears to be related to greater usage, as does low conscientiousness and high narcissism. Negative correlates of SNS usage include the decrease in real life social community participation and academic achievement, as well as relationship problems, each of which may be indicative of potential addiction.
1,427 citations
TL;DR: The authors assert that it is most plausible that 47% of the U.S. adult population suffers from maladaptive signs of an addictive disorder over a 12-month period and that it may be useful to think of addictions as due to problems of lifestyle as well as to person-level factors.
Abstract: An increasing number of research studies over the last three decades suggest that a wide range of substance and process addictions may serve similar functions. The current article considers 11 such potential addictions (tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, eating, gambling, Internet, love, sex, exercise, work, and shopping), their prevalence, and co-occurrence, based on a systematic review of the literature. Data from 83 studies (each study n = at least 500 subjects) were presented and supplemented with small-scale data. Depending on which assumptions are made, overall 12-month prevalence of an addiction among U.S. adults varies from 15% to 61%. The authors assert that it is most plausible that 47% of the U.S. adult population suffers from maladaptive signs of an addictive disorder over a 12-month period and that it may be useful to think of addictions as due to problems of lifestyle as well as to person-level factors.
495 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the ways the notion of "talent" has developed over many years, both historically and linguistically, in a number of European and non-European languages and in use in organisations, and its use in talent management.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this article is to consider the ways the notion of “talent” has developed over many years, both historically and linguistically, in a number of European and non‐European languages and in use in organisations, and its use in talent management.Design/methodology/approach – The information was gained from a literature review of key reports on talent management and a major review of ten organisations across sectors and by interviewing over 100 individuals involved in talent management programmes in the UK and abroad. Holden and Tansley also conducted a philological analysis of the word “talent” from both an historical and a linguistic‐comparative perspective analysing publications by consultancies and articles in the management press considering both literal (denotative) definitions and metaphoric (connotative) associations of the term talent in English, noting contrasting usages of the word in other languages.Findings – There is no single or universal contemporary definition of “tale...
324 citations
Abstract: The ability of particles to adhere to a fluid–fluid interface can stabilize the formation of an emulsion. When the encapsulated fluid is a liquid and the fluid in which it is immersed is air, the object formed is called a “Liquid Marble”. Here we discuss how liquid marbles can be created, their fundamental properties and their transport and potential uses. We show how they arise naturally as an insect waste disposal system, from impact of droplets on powders and on hydrophobic soil, and in the mixing of particulate containing liquids. Our principal aim is to review research on macroscopic single marbles and their potential uses in sensors and droplet microfluidics. However, we also illustrate the similarity between liquid marbles, Pickering emulsions and “Dry Water”, and the potential application of assemblies of liquid marbles within cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations. Finally, we discuss how modifying the surface structure of particles and providing heterogeneous surface chemistry on particles (e.g. Janus particles) might provide new types of liquid marbles and applications.
287 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that both critical and consumerist analysts and reformers have crucially misunderstood the role and nature of medicine, and suggest that asymmetry lies at the heart of the medical enterprise: it is founded in what doctors are there for.
274 citations
TL;DR: Two of the most used Internet addiction research measures are compared, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Internet-Related Problem Scale (IRPS), along with a self-diagnostic question simply asking Internet users if they thought they were addicted to the Internet.
Abstract: One of the more prominent issues in the field of Internet addiction is the validity of the instrument used to assess users' level of Internet involvement. Many of the instruments used to assess Internet addiction have high face validity but have yet to be tested psychometrically. The aim of this study is to compare two of the most used Internet addiction research measures, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Internet-Related Problem Scale (IRPS), along with a self-diagnostic question simply asking Internet users if they thought they were addicted to the Internet. A total of 225 Internet users participated in the study (69 males and 156 females). Participants who defined themselves as Internet addicts had higher scores on both the IAT and IRPS, and the three different Internet addiction measures were strongly correlated to each other. For the IAT, factor analysis generated three factors (emotional/psychological conflict; time management issues; mood modification) explaining 56.3% of the vari...
271 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that improvements in future studies' design and reporting would be of significant benefit to both researchers and clinicians, and to the overall positioning of Internet addiction in the behavioral addiction field.
258 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed that change in the quantity and quality of security was a key driver of crime drop in the United States and most other industrialized countries for a decade from the early to mid-1990s.
Abstract: Major crime drops were experienced in the United States and most other industrialized countries for a decade from the early to mid-1990s. Yet there is little agreement over explanation or lessons for policy. Here it is proposed that change in the quantity and quality of security was a key driver of the crime drop. From evidence relating to vehicle theft in two countries, it is concluded that electronic immobilizers and central locking were particularly effective. It is suggested that reduced car theft may have induced drops in other crime including violence. From this platform, a broader security hypothesis, linked to routine activity and opportunity theory, is outlined.
250 citations
TL;DR: To evaluate the existing level of evidence for tinnitus management strategies identified in the UK Department of Health's Good Practice Guideline, a meta-analysis was conducted.
Abstract: Objectives/Hypothesis:
To evaluate the existing level of evidence for tinnitus management strategies identified in the UK Department of Health's Good Practice Guideline.
Study Design:
Systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and meta-analyses.
Methods:
Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Web of Science, and EMBASE (earliest to August 2010), supplemented by hand searches in October 2010. Only randomized controlled trials that used validated questionnaire measures of symptoms (i.e., measures of tinnitus distress, anxiety, depression) were included.
Results:
Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria, most of which provide moderate levels of evidence for the effects they reported. Levels of evidence were generally limited by the lack of blinding, lack of power calculations, and incomplete data reporting in these studies. Only studies examining cognitive behavioral therapy were numerous and similar enough to perform meta-analysis, from which the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (moderate effect size) appears to be reasonably established. Antidepressants were the only drug class to show any evidence of potential benefit.
Conclusions:
The efficacy of most interventions for tinnitus benefit remains to be demonstrated conclusively. In particular, high-level assessment of the benefit derived from those interventions most commonly used in practice, namely hearing aids, maskers, and tinnitus retraining therapy needs to be performed.
218 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a short theoretical paper elucidates a plausible theory about the Global Financial Crisis and the role of senior financial corporate directors in that crisis, which argues that psychopaths working in corporations and in financial corporations, in particular, have had a major part in causing the crisis.
Abstract: This short theoretical paper elucidates a plausible theory about the Global Financial Crisis and the role of senior financial corporate directors in that crisis. The paper presents a theory of the Global Financial Crisis which argues that psychopaths working in corporations and in financial corporations, in particular, have had a major part in causing the crisis. This paper is thus a very short theoretical paper but is one that may be very important to the future of capitalism because it discusses significant ways in which Corporate Psychopaths may have acted recently, to the detriment of many. Further research into this theory is called for.
208 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that enterprises can be understood primarily in terms of their social bases and that the social base of community enterprise lies in community of some kind, and argue that CBE is only one form of community enterprises.
Abstract: This paper argues that enterprises can be understood primarily in terms of their social bases and that the social base of community enterprise lies in community of some kind. It reviews current conceptualizations in this area such as ‘community-based enterprise’ (CBE) and ‘social enterprise’, and argues that CBE is only one form of community enterprise. Community entrepreneurs are understood in terms of their position on a continuum of community participation, as economic/social/political activists, and community enterprise is explained largely in terms of the balance of social capital functions served by its overall activity. The relationship between membership of a community enterprise and membership of a community is explored, and represented in terms of two criteria: the pool from which enterprise members are drawn and the rule by which such members are selected from the pool. This paper illustrates its arguments in relation to two English community enterprises, Coin Street Community Builders based in...
TL;DR: The fragility of the adult social care market and the pressure on primary care services are now beginning to impact both on the people who rely on these services and on the performance of secondary care, and the evidence suggests the authors may be approaching a tipping point.
Abstract: SUMMARY 2 Foreword This year's State of Care report shows that, despite increasingly challenging circumstances, much good care is being delivered and encouraging levels of improvement are taking place. However, the sustainability of this position is in doubt. We are also beginning to see some evidence of deterioration in quality, and some providers who are struggling to improve their rating beyond 'requires improvement'. The fragility of the adult social care market and the pressure on primary care services are now beginning to impact both on the people who rely on these services and on the performance of secondary care. The evidence suggests we may be approaching a tipping point. The combination of a growing and ageing population, people with more long-term conditions and a challenging economic climate means greater demand on services and more problems for people in accessing care. This is translating to increased A&E attendances, emergency admissions and delays to people leaving hospital, which in turn is affecting the ability of a growing number of trusts to meet their performance and financial targets. While large numbers of care homes and home care agencies are providing good quality care – and three-quarters of those that we had rated as inadequate, and then re-inspected, improved – this still left a quarter of services originally rated inadequate that did not improve enough to change their overall rating on re-inspection. Through our market oversight function in adult social care, we also know that profit margins are reducing – both due to pressures on fees, and cost pressures that include the national living wage. Already we are seeing some providers starting to hand back home care contracts as undeliverable; local authorities predict more to come. Until recently, the growth in demand for care for people with greater care needs had been met by a rise in the number of nursing home beds, but this bed growth has stalled since April 2015. The financial challenges in the NHS have been extensively documented. Despite this, we have found much good and outstanding care – particularly in children's and young people's services and critical care – which we highlight and celebrate. We have given outstanding ratings to five acute trusts and two mental health trusts, and five trusts have exited special measures since April 2015. However, we have also found too much acute care that we rated inadequate – particularly urgent and emergency services and medical …
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the adapted multiple streams model to analyse the 2005 EU sugar policy reform and found that institutional ambiguity and endogenous spillovers created the conditions that enabled active policy entrepreneurship to lead, ultimately, to reform of this most resilient of policies.
Abstract: The multiple streams model, developed by Kingdon in the United States (US), is being adapted increasingly to study European Union (EU) policy-making. This, however, is revealing a theoretical underdevelopment in some of its central components. The present paper considers several concerns. It seeks to develop the idea of policy entrepreneurship as a context-specific activity that gives substance to the claim that ‘ideas have their time’; it interprets the key notion of ambiguity, in the EU context, to mean institutional ambiguity; and it allows for spillovers between policy areas to be endogenous as well as exogenous. This affects the nature of the policy windows wherein policy entrepreneurship occurs. The adapted multiple streams model is used to analyse the 2005 EU sugar policy reform. Institutional ambiguity and endogenous spillovers are shown to create the conditions that enabled active policy entrepreneurship to lead, ultimately, to reform of this most resilient of policies.
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2011TL;DR: Findings revealed that although a large number of studies have cited the originating article since its appearance, only 43 actually utilised the theory or its constructs in their empirical research for examining IS/IT related issues.
Abstract: Despite the relatively recent emergence of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the originating article has already been cited by a large number of studies, and hence it appears to have become a popular theoretical choice within the field of information system (IS)/information technology (IT) adoption and diffusion. However, as yet there have been no attempts to analyse the reasons for citing the originating article. Such a systematic review of citations may inform researchers and guide appropriate future use of the theory. This paper therefore presents the results of a systematic review of 450 citations of the originating article in an attempt to better understand the reasons for citation, use and adaptations of the theory. Findings revealed that although a large number of studies have cited the originating article since its appearance, only 43 actually utilised the theory or its constructs in their empirical research for examining IS/IT related issues. This chapter also classifies and discusses these citations and explores the limitations of UTAUT use in existing research.
TL;DR: In this article, a series of significant pressures but also new opportunities face the agricultural sector in developed economies, and farm diversification is presented as a political solution and a viable business str...
Abstract: A series of significant pressures but also new opportunities face the agricultural sector in developed economies. Farm diversification is presented as a political solution and a viable business str...
TL;DR: The British Gambling Prevalence Survey (BGPS2010) as mentioned in this paper examined how people gamble and ways in which online and offline gambling are integrated, and found that the majority of online gamblers were also offline gamblers, and a broader taxonomy of gambling subgroups was evident.
Abstract: This paper presents data from the British Gambling Prevalence Survey (BGPS) 2010, a large-scale random probability survey of adults (n = 7756), to examine how people gamble and ways in which online and offline gambling are integrated. Fourteen per cent of respondents were past year Internet gamblers (7% if purchase of lottery tickets online is excluded). The majority of online gamblers were also offline gamblers and a broader taxonomy of gambling subgroups was evident. This included those who chose different mediums of access for different activities and those who gambled online and offline on the same activity (mixed mode gamblers). These mixed mode gamblers had the highest rates of gambling involvement and higher problem gambling prevalence rates. Direct comparisons between Internet and non-Internet gamblers therefore ignore key questions of how people integrate online provisions with offline activities which may have important implications for our understanding of the relative risks associated with online gambling.
TL;DR: The field of superhydrophobicity research has reached a stage where huge numbers of candidate treatments have been proposed and jumps have been made in theoretically describing them as mentioned in this paper, and there now seems to be a move to more practical concerns and to considering the demands of individual applications instead of more general cases.
Abstract: Superhydrophobicity is the extreme water repellence of highly textured surfaces. The field of superhydrophobicity research has reached a stage where huge numbers of candidate treatments have been proposed and jumps have been made in theoretically describing them. There now seems to be a move to more practical concerns and to considering the demands of individual applications instead of more general cases. With these developments, polymeric surfaces with their huge variety of properties have come to the fore and are fast becoming the material of choice for designing, developing, and producing superhydrophobic surfaces. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1203–1217, 2011
Providence Portland Medical Center1, Oregon Health & Science University2, University of Pittsburgh3, University of Oslo4, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center5, Howard Hughes Medical Institute6, Harvard University7, Charles University in Prague8, Goethe University Frankfurt9, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul10, Cleveland Clinic11, McMaster University12, University of Mainz13, Peking Union Medical College14, Second Military Medical University15, Ohio State University16, University of Michigan17, Vilnius University18, University of Queensland19, University of Pennsylvania20, VU University Amsterdam21, Radboud University Nijmegen22, University of Nottingham23, French Institute of Health and Medical Research24, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals25, University of Tübingen26, Lund University27, Celgene28, University of California, San Francisco29, Bristol-Myers Squibb30, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center31, University of Tokyo32, Johns Hopkins University33, Rush University Medical Center34, Kyoto University35, Keio University36, Charité37, National Institutes of Health38, Karolinska Institutet39, Institut Gustave Roussy40, Université de Montréal41, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University42, Merck KGaA43, Thomas Jefferson University44, University of Navarra45, Leiden University46, University of California, Davis47, University of British Columbia48, University of Pisa49, Loyola University Chicago50, Roswell Park Cancer Institute51, University of Toronto52, Cancer Research Institute53, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research54, University of Southampton55, Istituto Superiore di Sanità56, Nottingham Trent University57, University of California, Los Angeles58, University of Lausanne59, Tanta University60, Mie University61, Millennium Pharmaceuticals62, University of Copenhagen63, University of Science and Technology of China64, Shandong University65, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich66, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer67, Innsbruck Medical University68, University of Chicago69, University of Washington70
TL;DR: The critical hurdles identified by representatives of the collaborating organizations, now organized as the World Immunotherapy Council, are presented and discussed in this report.
Abstract: Scientific discoveries that provide strong evidence of antitumor effects in preclinical models often encounter significant delays before being tested in patients with cancer. While some of these delays have a scientific basis, others do not. We need to do better. Innovative strategies need to move into early stage clinical trials as quickly as it is safe, and if successful, these therapies should efficiently obtain regulatory approval and widespread clinical application. In late 2009 and 2010 the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), convened an "Immunotherapy Summit" with representatives from immunotherapy organizations representing Europe, Japan, China and North America to discuss collaborations to improve development and delivery of cancer immunotherapy. One of the concepts raised by SITC and defined as critical by all parties was the need to identify hurdles that impede effective translation of cancer immunotherapy. With consensus on these hurdles, international working groups could be developed to make recommendations vetted by the participating organizations. These recommendations could then be considered by regulatory bodies, governmental and private funding agencies, pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions to facilitate changes necessary to accelerate clinical translation of novel immune-based cancer therapies. The critical hurdles identified by representatives of the collaborating organizations, now organized as the World Immunotherapy Council, are presented and discussed in this report. Some of the identified hurdles impede all investigators; others hinder investigators only in certain regions or institutions or are more relevant to specific types of immunotherapy or first-in-humans studies. Each of these hurdles can significantly delay clinical translation of promising advances in immunotherapy yet if overcome, have the potential to improve outcomes of patients with cancer.
TL;DR: In this article, the silver-based MOF material Ag3(3phosphonobenzoate) was evaluated as a bactericidal material and a sustainable release of Ag+, which was quantified by cathodic stripping voltammetry, was responsible for bactericidal activity against the 6 bacterial strains tested.
Abstract: The silver-based MOF material Ag3(3-phosphonobenzoate) was evaluated as a bactericidal material. A sustainable release of Ag+, which was quantified by cathodic stripping voltammetry, was responsible for bactericidal activity against the 6 bacterial strains tested.
TL;DR: This paper investigated the role of structural characteristics in video game playing behavior within a sample of 421 video game players aged between 14 and 57 years, and found that reward and punishment features, such as earning points, finding rare game items, and fast loading times, were rated among the most enjoyable and important aspects of video games playing.
Abstract: The research literature suggests that the structural characteristics of video games may play a considerable role in the initiation, development and maintenance of problematic video game playing. The present study investigated the role of structural characteristics in video game playing behaviour within a sample of 421 video game players aged between 14 and 57 years. Players were surveyed via an online questionnaire containing measures of video game playing behaviour, player interaction with structural characteristics of video games, and problematic involvement in video games. The results showed that the reward and punishment features, such as earning points, finding rare game items, and fast loading times, were rated among the most enjoyable and important aspects of video game playing. There was some evidence that certain structural characteristics were stronger predictors of problematic involvement in video games than factors such as gender, age, and time spent playing. This research supports the notion that some structural characteristics in video games may play a significant role in influencing problem playing behaviour. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
TL;DR: C. sakazakii ST4 appears to be a highly stable clone with a high propensity for neonatal meningitis and sequence type (ST) 4 is associated with neonatalMeningitis.
Abstract: A 7-loci (3,036 nt) multilocus sequence typing scheme was applied to 41 clinical isolates of Cronobacter sakazakii. Half (20/41) of the C. sakazakii strains were sequence type (ST) 4, and 9/12 meningitis isolates were ST4. C. sakazakii ST4 appears to be a highly stable clone with a high propensity for neonatal meningitis.
TL;DR: The research reported herein represents an important step toward the preparation of functional mesostructures with controlled helical architectures and shows the benefits of reducing the nonfunctional part of the molecule, in this case with short chiral isopentyl chains.
Abstract: The controlled preparation of chiral structures is a contemporary challenge for supramolecular science because of the interesting properties that can arise from the resulting materials, and here we show that a synthetic nonamphiphilic C3 compound containing π-functional tetrathiafulvalene units can form this kind of object. We describe the synthesis, characterization, and self-assembly properties in solution and in the solid state of the enantiopure materials. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements show optical activity resulting from the presence of twisted stacks of preferential helicity and also reveal the critical importance of fiber nucleation in their formation. Molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with CD theoretical calculations demonstrate that the (S) enantiomer provides the (M) helix, which is more stable than the (P) helix for this enantiomer. This relationship is for the first time established in this family of C3 symmetric compounds. In addition, we show th...
TL;DR: It is suggested that combining games-based learning approaches with location-based services is an appropriate combination of technologies for an application specifically designed to scaffold route learning for this target audience.
Abstract: The research reported here is part of a larger project which seeks to combine serious games (or games-based learning) with location-based services to help people with intellectual disabilities and additional sensory impairments to develop work based skills. Specifically this paper reports on where these approaches are combined to scaffold the learning of new routes and ultimately independent travel to new work and educational opportunities. A phased development methodology is applied in a user sensitive manner, to ensure that user feedback drives the ongoing development process. Methods to structure this include group feedback on conceptual storyboards, expert review of prototypes using usability heuristics relating to the main system goals, and finally co-discovery methods with student pairs exploring all three modes of the system in real world contexts. Aspects of developmental and cognitive psychological theories are also reviewed and it is suggested that combining games-based learning approaches with location-based services is an appropriate combination of technologies for an application specifically designed to scaffold route learning for this target audience.
TL;DR: Polydrug use appeared to be significantly associated with mental health, particularly lifetime suicide attempts, as well as Hazardous alcohol use and tobacco use were strongly associated with illicit polydrug use.
TL;DR: It is shown that liquid dielectrophoresis induced by nonuniform electric fields can be used to enhance and control the wetting of dielectric liquids and provides a noncontact electrical actuation process for meniscus and droplet control.
Abstract: The wetting of solid surfaces can be modified by altering the surface free energy balance between the solid, liquid, and vapor phases. Here we show that liquid dielectrophoresis induced by nonuniform electric fields can be used to enhance and control the wetting of dielectric liquids. In the limit of thick droplets, we show theoretically that the cosine of the contact angle follows a simple voltage squared relationship analogous to that found for electrowetting on dielectric. Experimental observations confirm this predicted dielectrowetting behavior and show that the induced wetting is reversible. Our findings provide a noncontact electrical actuation process for meniscus and droplet control.
TL;DR: In this paper, Pecsi argued that there is more to loess formation than simply the fact of aeolian deposition and the consequent formation of metastable structures is absolutely central.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the issues currently involved in social and environmental sustainability in the clothing industry and present a case study on People Tree, which sells Fair Trade clothing sourced from developing countries.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the issues currently involved in social and environmental sustainability in the clothing industry.Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a case study approach to investigate a business that operates successfully in this challenging market.Findings – As a consequence of increasing demand for ethical clothing, it has become standard practice for UK clothing retailers to develop CSR policies which impact upon their methods of garment sourcing and partnerships with suppliers. There is also a significant trend for retailers to offer ethical clothing ranges made from organic cotton or produced by Fair Trade manufacturers. The paper includes a case study on People Tree, which sells Fair Trade clothing sourced from developing countries. People Tree is rare amongst clothing companies in that it provides customers with a transparent view of its production sources via the internet. The company provides an example of how socially responsible and environmentally...
TL;DR: The findings concerning subjects with narrow tinnitus bandwidth suggest that this can be used as an a priori inclusion criterion and a large group of such subjects should be tested to confirm these results.
Abstract: Objective: We explored the relationship between audiogram shape and tinnitus pitch to answer questions arising from neurophysiological models of tinnitus: ‘Is the dominant tinnitus pitch associated with the edge of hearing loss?’ and ‘Is such a relationship more robust in people with narrow tinnitus bandwidth or steep sloping hearing loss?’ Design: A broken-stick fitting objectively quantified slope, degree and edge of hearing loss up to 16 kHz. Tinnitus pitch was characterized up to 12 kHz. We used correlation and multiple regression analyses for examining relationships with many potentially predictive audiometric variables. Study Sample: 67 people with chronic bilateral tinnitus (43 men and 24 women, aged from 22 to 81 years). Results: In this ample of 67 subjects correlation failed to reveal any relationship between the tinnitus pitch and the edge frequency. The tinnitus pitch generally fell within the area of hearing loss. The pitch of the tinnitus in a subset of subjects with a narrow tinnitu...
TL;DR: There is a variation in antibiotic resistance and virulence gene possession depending on clonal group, and E. coli ST131 is highly virulent and demonstrates high levels of antibiotic resistance, but its virulence does not appear to be attributable to the possession of a specific virulence-associated gene set.
Abstract: Conclusions: The level of antibiotic resistance or virulence gene possession in uropathogenic E. coli is not directly associated with the healthcare setting of the patient, but there is a variation in antibiotic resistance and virulence gene possession depending on clonal group. ST131 is highly virulent and demonstrates high levels of antibiotic resistance, but its virulence does not appear to be attributable to the possession of a specific virulence-associated gene set or the possession of any virulence-associated gene in significantly higher levels than in any other ST.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present preliminary results from a multi-stage quantitative study of "multiple exclusion homelessness" (MEH) in seven urban locations across the UK and demonstrate a very high degree of overlap between a range of experiences associated with "deep social exclusion" such as homelessness, substance misuse, institutional care and street culture activities.
Abstract: This article presents preliminary results from a multi-stage quantitative study of ‘multiple exclusion homelessness’ (MEH) in seven urban locations across the UK. It demonstrates a very high degree of overlap between a range of experiences associated with ‘deep social exclusion’ – namely, homelessness, substance misuse, institutional care and ‘street culture’ activities (such as begging and street drinking). It also provides evidence to support the contention that homelessness is a particularly prevalent form of exclusion, with its experience reported as widespread by those accessing low threshold support services targeted at other dimensions of deep exclusion, such as drug misuse. Further, the analysis presented indicates that the nature of MEH varies geographically, with the profile of the population affected looking quite different in Westminster (London) than in the other urban locations. The main explanation for this appears to be the exceptionally high proportion of migrants in the MEH population in Westminster, who tend to report lower overall levels of personal trauma and vulnerability than the indigenous MEH population.