Showing papers by "Nova Southeastern University published in 1984"

Skeletal extension, density and calcification of the reef coral, Montastrea annularis: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

Abstract: Parameters of the annual and subannual skeletal growth of 61 Montastrea annularis corals, collected at a variety of shallow depth sites on reefs of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, are determined by X-radiography and scanning densitometry for each year in the IO-year period, 1970-1979. Extension (linear growth) of the coral skeleton is correlated negatively with bulk density (mass per unit volume) and positively with calcification (mass addition). Density and mass are slightly positively correlated. No one parameter, however, is a perfect predictor of another. At least two parameters, from which the third can be calculated, are required for complete description of coral growth. The variations of parameters of subannual density bands in this study do not convey information additional to those of annual bands. When compared to a pristine site in St. Croix, coral from Round Reefwithin Christiansted Harbor (a location of past dredging and sewage pollution) have equivalent (and high) extension but significantly lower density and calcification. On the south coast, corals from a location of major dredging activity in the past have relatively low extension and calcification. These growth anomalies are probably pollution related. Collections of corals from one south coast site may have been biased by hurricane effects to nonrepresentative samples. The island of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, is located in the northeastern Caribbean sea at 17°45'N and 64°52'W. Surrounding the island on most sides are coral reefs, some of which have been described (Ogden, 1972; Adey, 1975; Adey et aI., 1977). This study evaluates annual and subannual skeletal growth ofa major coral species, Montastrea annularis. from various reef areas. Relationships of the parameters-extension, density, and calcification-are investigated. Growth is typically considered an index of viability of an organism and for corals can be an important indicator oftheir state of health. 51. Croix is not highly developed, but sources of pollution do exist. We have found that coral growth in certain areas appears to reflect the presence of environmental degradation. A number of methods are available to measure skeletal growth of scleractinian corals and a variety of studies have been done (Buddemeier and Kinzie, 1976). We wished to evaluate natural in situ growth over a decade and used the X-radiography method (Buddemeier, 1978; Dodge and Vaisnys, 1980) to reveal annual and subannual skeletal density variations or bands (Knutson et al., 1972; Dodge et al., 1974; Macintyre and Smith, 1974; Hudson et aI., 1976). Width of growth increments measures extension of the coral skeleton. Bulk density measures the distribution of CaC03 within the skeleton. The mass of CaC03 deposited (over time) is the calcification (rate) of the coral. If any two of the parameters are known, the third can be calculated. A variety of studies have been done on the individual variability of at least two of these parameters (e.g., for extension: Weber and White, 1977; Weber et al. 1975; Glynn and Stewart, 1973; Isdale, 1977; Dodge et aI., 1974; Hudson, 1981; and for calcification: Goreau and Goreau, 1959; Jokiel and Coles, 1977; Coles and Jokiel, 1978; Bak, 1974; 1978). The inter-relationships and simultaneous variability of each of the parameters are only beginning to be understood (Dodge and Thomson, 1974; Buddemeier et aI., 1974). Barnes and Taylor (1973), Dustan (1975), and Baker and Weber (1975) have

Rapid evolution of a Gulf Stream warm-core ring

Abstract: Satellite images are used to show that major alterations in the structure of Gulf Stream warm-core rings can occur during very short periods of two to five days when an interaction with the Gulf Stream is particularly intense. The role of these interactions in the evolution of a ring are discussed.

Chronology of lead pollution contained in banded coral skeletons

Abstract: Lead concentrations relative to calcium within dated subsamples of hermatypic (reef-building) coral skeletons from St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, record ambient pollution levels. Concentrations within a coral from a polluted reef (395 ng g-1) average five-fold higher than within a coral from a pristine site (87 ng g-1). The lead chronologies of both corals show a significant increase in concentration towards the present during the past 26 yr (1954–1980). The increase in lead concentration in the coral from the pristine site is suggested to represent the increase in lead availability from global pollution. Coral skeletons offer the probability of development into tools for longterm chemical recorders of levels of lead and possibly other metals or compounds in seawater.

Bimodality of the Kuroshio

Abstract: A barotropic ocean model is used to study the bimodal behavior of the Kuroshio to the south of Japan. By considering the combined effects of the beta plane, the Kyushu coastal perturbation, the Izu Ridge and the SW-NE tilted coastline, the two frequently observed meander patterns have been numerically verified as the two quasi-steady solutions contained n the model, The small-meander state is identified as an upstream disturbance largely forced by the Izu Ridge; its width decreases as the strength of the current increases. The large meander state is forced by the presence of both the Kyushu wedge and the Izu Ridge topography. For small volume transports the large meander state behaves like the small meander state, in that the meander width decreases as the current speed increases; for large volume transports it behaves like a lee Rossby wave, in that the width of the meander increases as the current speed increases. The birth of the large meander state occurs as a consequence of the ocean spin-do...

A Simple Model of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation

Abstract: A model of tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction is used to study the El Nino–Southern Oscillation phenomenon. The model ocean consists of the single baroclinic mode of a two-layer ocean. The thermodynamics of the upper layer are highly parameterized; sea-surface temperature is assigned one of two values, warm or cool, according to whether the interface is shallower or deeper than an externally specified depth. The model atmosphere consists of two wind patches of zonal stress that are idealizations of the annual cycle of the equatorial trades, τs, and of Bjerknes' Walker circulation, τw. When the eastern ocean is in its cool state both patches drive the ocean; when it is warm τw is switched off. Solutions compare favorably with observations in several ways. Most importantly, for reasonable choices of parameters solutions oscillate at the long time scales associated with the Southern Oscillation. The response of the ocean to τw introduces positive feedback into the system, with the result that the...

The effects of oil and oil dispersants on the skeletal growth of the hermatypic coral Diploria strigosa

Abstract: Specimens of the hermatypic coral species Diploria strigosa were exposed to various concentrations (1–50 ppm) of oil or oil plus dispersant for 6–24 h periods in four laboratory and two field experiments. After dosing, corals were transplanted to, or left in, the field and recollected approximately one year later for extension (linear) growth analysis by the alizarin stain method. The experiments were designed to assess the long-term effects of brief low-level concentrations of chemically dispersed oil and oil alone on corals in a situation, for example, where an oil slick (treated and non-treated with dispersants) passes over a reef. No significant differences between extension growth parameters (Septa increase, Columella increase) and a calical shape parameter (New Endotheca Length) of treated corals versus controls were found in any of the experiments. In two summer experiments calical relief (Fossa length) was found to be depressed in corals of some of the experimental treatments.

Generation of Coastal Inertial Oscillations by Time-Varying Wind

Abstract: The excitation of coastal inertial oscillations by a rapidly varying wind is investigated. It is shown that the mean-square response to a completely random forcing is ϕ¯2 ∝ ∫ ϕδ2dt, where ϕδ is the response to impulsive forcing and the integral is over the record length. The rms response therefore initially increases with time as t½, and reaches stationarity in the decay scale for ϕδ. As in the random-walk problem, the t½ increase is a result of the superposition of uncorrelated steps. Continuous random forcing preferentially increases subsurface amplitudes, since the energy flux from the coast-surface corner causes a surface decay and a subsurface growth of ϕδ. With assumed parameters, a step-input wind forcing of 1 dyn cm−-2 generates inertial oscillations of 4 cm s−1 in the surface layer and 0.7–1.5 cm s−1 below. With a random wind in the range (−0.5, 0.5) dyn cm−2, the surface values increase to 8–11 cm s−1 and the subsurface values to 3–7 cm s−1. With an observed wind-forcing the surface and...

Numerical calculations of coastal flow with turbulent dynamics

Abstract: A two-dimensional numerical model of coastal flow, in which the eddy fluxes are computed by a second-order turbulence model, has been developed. The behaviour of the inertial oscillations due to an impulsive start is in excellent agreement with the analytical solution of Kunduet al. (Deep-Sea Research, 30, 1059–1082, 1983). Much of the inertial energy gain in the deep ocean is due to the downward leakage from the coast-surface corner and is accompanied by an upward phase propagation. The low-frequency upwelling solutions develop gravitationally unstable regions in the surface layer, even in the presence of realistic surface heating. But the thickness of the surface layer without surface cooling is never very large, so the analytical models driven by a sink at the coast-surface corner give realistic subsurface solutions. The upwelling solutions generate flow reversal across a strong thermocline, but no ‘closed’ double cells. Frictional turning, as suggested by several workers, is responsible for the flow reversal. These open double cell persist in the presence of surface heating but not in the presence of an alongshore pressure gradient, pγ = τγ(maximum depth). The imposition of pγ creates a poleward undercurrent on a flat shelf but not on a sloping shelf. The alongshore jet moves offshore due to the nonlinear advection of the thermocline, so that the width of the jet is larger than the Rossby radius. An approximate expression has been derived for predicting the offshore frontal location; the numerical calculation is in fair agreement with it.

Personality in assaultive and non-assaultive juvenile male offenders

Abstract: The present study investigated the relationship between antisocial behavior and personality in 30 American juvenile males convicted of offenses including assault or confrontations with a victim, and 30 juvenile males convicted of offenses involving property without confrontation with a victim. Subjects, who were aged 14 to 17 yr. (mean 15 yr., 8 mo.) and held in detention pending sentencing, were administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale. Juveniles convicted of assaultive offenses exhibited significantly higher psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism scores, and lower lie scores than those convicted of property offenses. Sensation-seeking scores were significantly lower for the non-assaultive group. Results support Eysenck's description of dimensions of offenders' behavior.

Tensor structure applied to the least-squares method, revisited

Abstract: The geometrical approach to the least-squares, based on differential geometry with tensor structure and notations, describes the adjustment theory in a simple and plausible manner. The development relies heavily on orthonormal space and surface vectors, and on the extrinsic properties of surfaces linking the two kinds of vectors. In order to relate geometry to adjustments, the geometrical concepts are extended to an n-dimensional space and u- or r-dimensional surfaces, where n is the number of observations, u is the number of parameters in the parametric method and r is the number of conditions in the condition method, with n=u+r. Connection is made to Hilbert spaces by demonstrating that the tensor approach to the least-squares is a classical case of the Hilbert-space approach.

Therapist and patient reactions to life-threatening crises in the therapist's life.

Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the transference and the counter-transference factors in both the patient and the therapist arising from the Occurrence of a life-threatening crisis in the life of the therapist. Evaluation of these factors includes a description of the role of hypnosis in the elicitation of repressed feelings of denial and hostility in both members of the therapeutic dyad.

Arterial Component of the Angioarchitecture of the Canine Ovary

Abstract: In order to study and possibly identify a vascular pattern in the canine ovary, 30 ovarian specimens received arterial injections of a mixture of ‘Micropaque’ with hydrosoluble red pigment, followed b

Our experience with acetylsalicylic acid hypersensitivity.

Abstract: Results of a study carried out in 21 patients with acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), hypersensitivity, 17 females and 4 males, aged 16 to 69 years (mean 45.7) are presented. Some patients suffered from several types of allergic symptoms - 11 from Asthma, 3 Rhinitis, 3 Quinke edema, 5 Urticaria and 2 Anaphylactic Shock. Concomitant drug allergies, route of administration and composition of the ingested drug, familiar complaints of drug allergy, nasopharyngeal examination and lung function by spirometry and Acetylcholine tests were evaluated. Blood, sputum and nasal mucous eosinophil count, as well as secretory IgA and its secretory piece identification in saliva and nasal mucous, serotonin and histaminopexic power of serum and immunoelectrophoresis of serum proteins were performed in all patients. Human basophil degranulation test to Aspirin were evaluated in 12 patients. Skin prick tests with one standard range of 21 common allergens were done in all patients and intradermal skin tests with 1 lysine acetyl-salicylate (1/100 and 1/1000) were performed in all patients as well as in a selected control group of 12 healthy subjects.

Therapist and Patient Reactions to Life-Threatening Crises in the Therapist's Life

Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the transference and the counter-transference factors in both the patient and the therapist arising from the occurrence of a life-threatening crisis in the life of the therapist. Evaluation of these factors includes a description of the role of hypnosis in the elicitation of repressed feelings of denial and hostility in both members of the therapeutic dyad.

An innovative response to the challenge of field-based program design

Abstract: This paper presents a detailed discussion of the Nova University Master's Program for Child Care Administrators, a uniquely structured, guided study program now serving 150 administrators in locations across the United States and Canada. An important feature of the program is the planned use of the microcomputer for electronic mail. This will form an innovative communications network among students and between students and faculty, a development with the potential for impact beyond this program.