Showing papers by "Nova Southeastern University published in 1988"

Comparative study of behavioral methods of treating severe self‐injury

Abstract: Nine retarded or autistic persons exhibiting very serious self-injury were treated with several types of reinforcement procedures in a comparative study. During the baseline level of instructional prompting, self-injury occurred during 55% of the observation intervals, 57% during social extinction, 34% during differential reinforcement for non-self-injury (DRO), 28% during differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI), 25% during response interruption, and 6% during combined DRI-Interruption. Extended application of the DRI-Interruption procedure in the ward and class situations showed a mean level of 12% self-injury on the first day and 0–10% each month for durations up to 48 months while performed by the regular institutional staff. The DRI-Interruption procedure was more effective than the alternatives for most subjects and within 4% of the next most effective procedure for the others. The DRI-Interruption procedure offers a training method that is fairly rapid, applicable to diverse and severe cases, substantial in the degree of benefit, enduring in effectiveness under extended maintenance, and more effective than the alternatives considered here. Its principal disadvantages appear to be the greater training time required as compared with physical punishment and the extensive manual contact required by the interruption component.

Effectiveness of a brief group RET treatment for divorce-related dysphoria

Abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief, group rational-emotive (RET) treatment and problem solving treatment for divorce related dysphoria, involving six hours of therapy over 22 days. A waiting list condition was used for comparison. On three measures of dysphoria, RET and Problem-Solving subjects improved significantly more than Waiting List subjects and RET and Problem-Solving subjects maintained their improvement at a one-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in improvement between RET and Problem-Solving treatments. Effectiveness of the treatments could have been due either to specific content, group therapy components, or nonspecific effects.

Cognitive therapy with battered women

Abstract: Violence toward women by their male partners occurs so frequently that it must be considered seriously by every psychotherapist treating women clients. The paper addresses cognitive therapy with women when there has been a history of domestic violence toward them regardless of whether the danger is imminent and regardless of whether they initially identify battering as the presenting problem. Some cognitions which a woman may hold prior to the onset of abuse may contribute to an increased vulnerability once the violence occurs. A second category of cognitions develops through the battering experience itself, including perceptions of severity of abuse, attributions about the cause of the violence, and attributions about the solution to the problem. Working effectively with battered women requires not only an understanding of the dysfunctional cognitions that they may hold, but also a recognition of the dysfunctional cognitions to which therapists ascribe. It is important for a battered woman to accept responsibility for control of a solution to her victimization, not because the responsibility of the cause is hers, but because it represents empowerment over her own life. A third category of cognitions includes the negative psychological effects of violence. It is imperative to keep as the primary goal of intervention that of safety. Although dysfunctional cognitions may be important to alter, it is necessary never to lose sight of the real dangers the battered woman faces.

Ipanemidae, New Family, Ipanema talpa, New Genus and Species, from the Surf Zone of Brazil (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Haustorioidea)

Abstract: -A new family of haustorioid Amphipoda resembling the Phoxocephalopsidae and Urothoidae has been discovered in sands of the surf zone off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Like the recently described Cheidae, the new speciesgenus-family combines various characters of haustorioids in a unique manner and bears one unprecedented apomorphic character: an alate, uncleft telson The new taxon has the following characters ofUrothoidae: antenna 2, head, and distal parts of per eo pods but has a distinctive antenna I, coxae 1-2, mandibular palp, telson and epimera 1-2 Ipanema has the following characters of Phoxocephalopsidae: coxae, mandibles, and uropod I but has distinctive antennae 1-2, epimera 2-3, pereopods 5-7 and telson The taxon has some characters found mostly or only in Urohaustoriidae, such as epimera 2-3, but differs in many ways from that family, such as: head, antennae 1-2, parts of mandibles and maxillipeds, maxilla I , parts of per eo pods 3-7, epimeron I, and especially uropods 1-2 The Ipanemidae are created for Ipanema talpa The unusual combination of antennae 1-2 with mouthparts, uropods 1-2, head shape and pereopods precludes its assignment to any existing family group It bears an apomorphic tel son not heretofore described from the superfamily Haustorioidea except in the otherwise remote Urohaustoriidae ipanema combines characters of Phoxocephalopsidae, U rothoidae and U rohaustoriidae For example, antenna 2 and to a certain extent antenna 1 have characters ofUrothoidae, whereas coxae 1-4 and uropod I are like Phoxocephalopsidae while the epimera have some characters of U rohaustoriidae Corrections to literature We have reevaluated the cephalic cheek ofPhoxocephalopsidae to be well developed in contrast to the opinion of Barnard & Drummond (1982) Ipanemidae, new family Type genus Ipanema, new genus Gender feminine Etymology -A beach of Rio de Janeiro, Praia de Ipanema Diagnosis Rostrum weak, broad; cheek strong Antenna I of neither haustoriid nor urothoid form, peduncle short, no articles elongate, each thick, article I with weak setation, article 2 furnished with dense row of spines, article 3 about 067 as long as article I , poorly armed; no geniculations present; flagellum longer than peduncle and heavily armed with aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 2-articulate Antenna 2 of urothoid fOIlIl, articles 4 and 5 slender, with long lines of spines not organized into ranks, posterior margins lacking glass-spines (typical ofU rohaustoriidae), ordinary setae and bulbar setae extremely sparse, flagellum very short, 3-articulate Epistome and upper lip fused VOLUME 10 I, NUMBER 3 together, lower margin rounded Right and left mandibles alike, with narrow but stubby and simple incisors lacking teeth laciniae mobiles alike, rakers absent, molar of medium size (compared to Urothoidae), weakly triturative, choppers weak to absent; palp 3-articulate, article 3 with urohaustoriid setal-spine distribution (versus urothoid setal distribution), spines hooked but unawned Lower lip with mandibular lobes well developed Maxilla I with biarticulate palp, inner plate small and spout-like, with I large seta Inner plate of maxilla 2 without oblique facial seta row, with one medial seta Maxillipeds with unexpanded bases and no baler lobes, with rather small inner plate but normally enlarged and spinose outer plate; palp 4-articulate, article 2 expanded, article 4 rectangular, with 2 thin nail-setae Coxae 1-2 minute and hidden by coxa 3, coxa 4 dominant, weakly excavate behind, coxa 3 adz-shaped; coxae 5-6 with commashaped posterior lobe Gnathopods feeble , subsimilar, simple (gnathopod 2 with minute palm), article 3 short Article 5 of pereopods 3-4 slender, not lobate; dactyls of pereopods 3-7 well developed; pereopod 5 of weakly haustorious form, article 2 expanded, articles 4-5 weakly expanded and with few facial spines; article 2 of per eo pods 5 and 7 diverse, with that of pereopod 6 intermediate in form ; no pereopod with underslung articulation Gills on coxae 2-5 only, 6-7 apparently without gills because of long forward reach of beating pleopods, gill 2 (on coxa 2) spear-shaped, others decreasing in size, subrectangular sacs Pleopods like urohaustoriids, thus peduncles wider than long, pleopod 3 inferior; peduncles as long as wide Epimeron I fully developed, small, with I seta, epimera 2-3 equally dominant, all epimera with posterodorsal "hip" Urosomites ordinary Rami of uropod I styliform, naked; of uropod 2 rod-like and spinose; uropod 3 of ordinary haustorioid-phoxocephalid kind, neither ramus dominant, article 2 on outer ramus small and poorly setose 61 5 Telson very short, much widerthan long, essentially entire, each side with alate lobe projecting upward Relationship -Differing from the Ph oxocephalopsidae in the completely distinctive antennae 1-2, of which antenna 1 has a heavily spinose (versus setose) article 2 and the accessory lIagellum is poorly developed; of which antenna 2 has slender articles 4-5 bearing large facial spines in lines rather than small spines in ranks and on which the posterior margins have almost no long setae, almost no bulbar setae and no glass spines Also differing from Phoxocephalopsidae in the thin article 5 of pereopods 3-4; the diversity of article 2 on pereopods 5-7, with article 2 on pereopod 5 constricted apically; thin apical articles of pereopods 5-7; the presence of a long comma-shaped posterior lobe on coxae 5-6; the equal size of epimera 2-3 and the hips on epimera 1-3; the strange tel son (versus ordinary and cleft); and the reduced inner plate of maxilla I bearing a single seta Differing from Urothoidae in the short articles of the peduncle on antenna I, with article 2 heavily spinose, the long primary lIagellum of antenna I; the kind and distribution of setal-spines on article 3 of the mandibular palp (versus regular setae and presence of an A-seta in Urothoidae); the tiny coxae 1-2; the hipped shapes of epimera 1-3; and the more delicate mandible Phoxocephalopsidae and Urothoidae appear to be more closely related than previously perceived: both have a well developed lateral cephalic cheek, styliform rami on uropods 1-2 and many similarities in mandibles, maxillae, and maxilliped s Phoxocephalopsids differ from urothoids principally in the antennae, in which articles 1-3 of antenna I are short , not geniculate, with huge setal patch on article 2; article 4 of antenna 2 is widely expanded and bears 3 kinds of posterior armaments, incl uding glass spines; article 5 al so is expanded and bears 2 kinds of armaments posteri orly; the mandibular palp bears hooked setal-spines

Elasmopus balkomanus, a New Species from the Florida Keys (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

Abstract: -Elasmopus balkomanus is described from Looe Key Reef in the florida Keys. The species is very close to the eastern Pacific E. antennatus but in the male has equally extending rami on uropod 3, only 2 (versus 4-6) spines on each lobe of the tel son in adults, a lateral ridge on the propodus of male gnathopod 2 and very heavily armed flagella of antenna 2 in the male. This species lives in a short-tufted algal turf community on coral rubble but apparently is rare because it has only been collected once in 10 years of sampling in the florida Keys. Elasmopus balkomanus, new species Figs. 1-3 Etymology. -A.S. balko, ridge; L, manus, hand. Diagnosis oj male. -Eyes ordinary, brownish-purple in alcohol. flagellum of male antenna 2 densely setose. Mandibular palp article 3 deeply falcate. Palm of male gnathopod 2 with weak, sparsely spinose hump neardactylar hinge, no marginal teeth, inner face with longitudinal, cuspidate ridge, setae all posterior ("below") ridge and not organized into rows perpendicular to ridge; dactyl overriding palm onto face of propodus. Article 2 of per eo pods 5-7 with only tiny setules and tiny serrations posteriorly; locking spines of pereopods 3-7 thin and almost straight, smooth; main subapical spine-seta on dactyl of medium thickness, smooth, with 2 accessory thin setules. Epimera 1-2 with medium sharp posterovenIral tooth, all ventral spines short, rarely paired. Uropod 3 with "long" rami (in generic context), inner almost as long as outer. Telson with sharply and deeply incised apices each bearing pair of spines, one spine elongate, other spine short. Description oj male. Body generally as in other species of genus (for side views of body form in Elasmopus see Sars 1895, Barnard 1962, Bousfield 1973). Antenna I elongate, slender, article I with 3 ventral spines in tandem, accessory flagellum 3-articulate. flagellum of antenna 2 densely armed with flags of setae. Upper lip rounded below, projecting slightly in front of epistome from side view. Incisors of right and left mandibles with 2 teeth , right lacinia mobilis bifid, proximal branch simple, distal branch with 7 teeth, left lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth; right rakers 3, left 4; molars moderately triturative, each with plumose seta; palp article I weakly elongate, article 2 with 2-3 short medial setae, 2-3 apicomedial long setae, article 3 with I-I A setae, many D setae forming comb on falcate invagination, 3 E setae. Lower lip, maxilla 2 and maxilliped like figure 35 of Barnard (1979) with following minor exceptions. Inner plate of maxilla I with 2 apical setae and 4 apicolateral setules, outer plate with 7 spines, palp article 2 with 2 sharp cusps, one apicolateral seta, 4 apicomedial marginal elements (2 thick, 2 thin) and 4 facial setae. Both lobes of maxilla 2 equally thin, inner plate with only single apicomedial seta no longer than apical setae, outer plates asymmetrical, no cusps, 3 facial 5 apicomedial, 3 apicolateral setae. Inner plate of maxilliped with weak apicomedial cusp, 8 apical setae, 6 medial setae, outer plate with 10 medial blades, 5 apicolateral setae, palp article 3 with scaly apicolateral irregular VOLU ME 101 , NUMBER 4

Vadosiapus copacabanus, a New Genus and Species of Exoedicerotidae from Brazil (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

Abstract: Vadosiapus copacabanus, n. gen. is described from the surf zone on the beach at Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The genus and unique species is related to the three known species of Bathyporeiapus, which range southward from Brazil through the Magellan region of South America. Vadosiapus is distinguished from Bathyporeiapus in the odd phoxocephalid-like article 3 of the mandibular palp, the nonsinuate epimeron 2, the broadened tel son bearing only midsagittal armaments and the enlarged dactyl of gnathopod 2. Bathyporeiapus is a temperate South American genus of 3 species (see below), ranging from Santos, Brazil into the Magellanic region. These species generally live on coarse sand in heavy surf zones. Bathyporeiapus belongs to the Exoedicerotidae (Barnard & Drummond 1982), a family considered to be more primitive than, but not necessarily directly ancestral to, the Oedicerotidae. The Exoedicerotidae now have II genera with 19 species and probably all are very shallow surf-zone species. The Oedicerotidae, with 188 species in 30 genera, have only a few surf-zone species (especially in Synchelidium and Monoculodes), but has generally radiated widely into deeper and calmer waters and into the abyss. The Exoedicerotidae are primarily confined to " Gondwanan" seas except for 3 species which have penetrated into the tropics. Oedicerotidae are richly represented in all seas and bear the apomorphic distinctions of fused eyes or loss of eyes and the loss of apical armaments on uropods 1-2. We present (I) two updated keys to the genera of Exoedicerotidae, the second key of which emphasizes adult male characters of spine fields on the gnathopods; (2) an updated key to the species of and a revised diagnosis of Bathyporeiapus in the style to be presented soon in Barnard and Karaman's "The Families and Genera of Marine Gammaridea." Biogeographic code numbers in brackets and Professor Stock's classification of setae on the mandibular palp are described in Barnard & Barnard (1983). Key I to the Genera of Exoedicerotidae 1. Uropod 3 composed of peduncle only . ... . MelOcdiceros Uropod 3 with 1-2 rami ... ... . 2 2. Uropod 3 with I ramus Notoediceros Uropod 3 with 2 rami . .. ... .. . 3 3. Gnathopods well developed .. .. 4 Gnathopods mittenform or inferior . . . 7 4 . Epimera 1-3 with many marginal setae .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. . Patuki All setae, ifpresent, on epimera 13 facial , not marginal . .. .. ... .. 5 5. Pereopods 3-4 with large dactyl , setae sparse ... Meloediceropsis male Pereopods 3-4 with dactyl vestigial , setae dense 6 6. Gi ll of coxa 5 small or vestigial , primary flagellum of antenna I with diverse armament, male and female gnathopods diverse ... .. ... . Exoediceros Gill 5 ordinary, armament of priVOLUME 101 , NUMBER 2 mary flagellum on antenna I homogeneous, gnathopods of both sexes alike . ......... Exoediceroides 7. Molar feeble , simple, conical, not triturative, with apical spine . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Exoediceropsis Molar strong, triturative ... ... . 8 8. Inner plate of maxilla 2 widely setose, maxilla 2 with submarginal facial inner setal row, dactyls of pereopods 3-6 ordinary . ... ... . 9 Inner plate of maxilla I naked, maxilla 2 lacking facial or submarginal inner row of setae, dactyls of pereopods 3-6 vestigial .. 10 9. Uropod 3 dominant, much larger than uropod I , strongly spinose . Parhalimedon Uropod 3 ordinary, lacking major spines Kanaloa 10. Epimeron 2 with posteroventral tooth , article 3 of mandibular palp not beveled, with A-B or D setae besides E-setae ...... Balhyporeiapus Epimeron 2 lacking tooth, article 3 of mandibular palp beveled , lacking A-B setae, all setae (E) on bevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Vadosiapus Key 2 to the Genera of Exoedicerotidae (Especially Adult Males) I. Male gnathopods with spine fields on propodi near apices o f dactyls · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Male gnathopods lacking propo2 dal spine field s 3 2a. Uropod 3 with 2 rami . . Exoediceros b. Uropod 3 with I ramus .... .. . · Notoediceros c, U ropod 3 lacking rami ....... . · Meloediceros 3. Gnathopods ordinary, la rge. . . . 4 G nathopods mill en fo rm o r gnathopod 2 almost simple .... · .. .. .. .. ... . .. . couplet 7 of Key I 4. Epimera 1-3 with many margina l setae PalUki 367 All setae of epimera 1-3, if present, facial .. ... .. ... Exoediceroides Balhyporeiapus Schellenberg Balhyporeiapus Schellenberg, 1931: 154 (Bathyporeiapus magellanicus Schellenberg, 1931 , monotypy). Description. Rostrum of m oderate length , acute or downturned. Eyes bilateral , small. Article 3 of antenna I elongate, flagellar articles and armaments not di verse in type, weakly so in one species. Accessory flagellum "absent." Cutting edge of mandible projecting and weakly toothed; molar large, weakly ridged ; palp article 3 short, clavate or sublinear, without beveled apex, with A-B and D setae on sides of article 3. Inner plate of maxilla I lacking setae, outer plate with 7-9 spines. Plates of maxilla 2 strongly distinct in size, inner plate setose med ially but without facial row of setae. Dactyl of maxilliped unguiform and long. Coxae 1-4 large, coxa 5 scarcely shorter than coxa 4, Gnathopods diverse, ?not sex uall y dimorphic, feeble, gnathopod I barely subchelate, carpus not lobate, much longer than propodus, latter expanded, palm oblique, gnathopod 2 much longer than gnathopod I , simple, slender, carpus not lobate, very elongate, propodus a lso elongate; dactyl of gnathopod 2 vestigia l; palms without spine fields. Dactyls of pereopods 3-4 vestigial or absent. Dactyls of pereopods 5-6 vestigial, of pereopod 7 multiarticulate; article 2 of pereo pod 7 broad but scarcely lobate posteroventrall y. G ill of pereopod 5 [?ord inary]. Epimera 1-2 with setae on margins, epimeron 2 with tooth , epim eron 3 naked. Extension of uropods 1-3 di verse; uropod 2 shortest; uropod 2 not exceeding end of peduncle on uropod 3. Uropod 3 well developed but not huge, wi th 2 well developed ram i, peduncle longer than rami of uropod

The Physiological Implications of Bleaching of Corals Off Southeast Florida

Abstract: in Program and Proceedings: Association of Island Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean 21st Annual Meeting May 24-27,

Decline of Coral Growth Rates at Negril, Jamaica

Abstract: SESSION A FATE AND EFFECTS: CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY De Soto Board Room; Wednesday 0915 Chairperson: Dr. Richard H. Pierce ~ierce, R.H., R.C. Brown, M.S. Henry and K.R. Hardman. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL. FATE OF MOSQUITO CONTROL PESTICIDES IN SUBTROPICAL ESTUARIES. The distribution, persistence and toxicity of the mosquito adulticide, Naled (dibrom) and the larvicide, Abate (temephos) were investigated in separate locations within subtropical, mangrove-fringed, intert ida 1 estuari ne areas along the Southwest Flori da coast. Studi es were performed during normal mosquito control operations to monitor pesticide residues under actual field conditions. Naled and DDVP distribution and persistence were observed over the intertidal area 1 hr and 23 hrs after UlV appl ication from a ground vehicle. Residues of both were detected on fil ter pads and in water at 1 hr, however, none were detected after 23 hours. laboratory studies showed acute toxicity to select nontarget invertebrates at Naled concentrations approaching those observed in intertidal pools (50 ug/l). Abate was monitored following high volume aerial application. Residues were dissipated rapidly in tidally-flushed water, but perSisted in oysters up to 48 hours and on mangrove leaves and simulated non-tidally-flushed pools for 72 hours. Various nontarget invertebrate and teleost fish species caged for tOXicity monitoring exhibited no appreciable acute toxicity within the tidally flushed regions. Pierce, R.H., R.H. Brown, M.S. Henry y K.R. Hardman. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL. DESTINO DE PESTICIDAS PARA CONTROL DEL MOSQUITO EN ESTUARIOS SUBTROPICAlES. la distribuci6n, persistencia y toxicidad del adulticida de mosquitos Naled (dibrom) y' el larvicida Abate (temephos) fueron invest i gados en 1 oca 1 idades subtropi cal es separadas, areas estuarinas entre mareas bordeadas por manglar a 10 largo de la costa suroeste de Florida. Los estudios fueron realizados durante operaciones normales de control de mosquito, para monitorear los residuos de pesticida en condiciones reales de campo. La distribuci6n y persistencia de Naled y OOVP fueron observadas en un area entre mareas 1 hora y 23 hrs despu~s de la aplicaci6n de ULV desde un vehfculo terrestre. Los residuos de ambos fueron detectados en filtros de coj;n y en agua despu~s de 1 hr., sin embargo no fue detect ado despu~s de 23 hrs. Estudios de laboratorio mostraron toxicidad aguda en invertebrados seleccionados que no eran el blanco a concentraciones de Naled que se approximaron a aquellas observadas en las pozas de mareas. (50 ug/l). El Abate fue monitoreado despues de una ap 1 i cac i 6n aerea de gran vol umen. Los res i duos fueron dis i pados rap i damente por agua que fluye por marea, pero persisti6 en ostiones hasta 48 hrs. y en las hojas del mangle y pozas simuladas sin flujo de marea por 72 hrs. Vari os i nvertebrados y peces tel eosteos que no son blanco, fueron puestos en jaulas para monitorear toxicidad y no exhibieron toxicidad aguda en las reg;ones de flujo·de marea. PROC. ASSOC. IS. MAR. LAB. CARIB. (1988)21:15 I ., Cook, S.B. and T.D. Sleeter. The Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc., Ferry Reach, Bermuda. THE EFFECTS OF OIL AND COREXIT 9527 ON THE REPRODUCTION AND LARVAL BIOLOGY OF A SUBTROPICAL LIMPET. Field experiments on the effects of Arabian Light Crude Oil in concentrations in the 1-4 ppm range showed no demonstrable effect on survival, or two reproductive indices (masses per adult and eggs per adult) in the subtropical pUlmonate 1 impet, Siphonaria a7ternata. Populations were highly variable in both space and time. Laboratory bioassays of the effects of oi 1 and the oil spill dispersant Corexit 9527 on survival and beha~ior of siphonariid larvae within transparent egg masses also revealed no effects of oil in ppm concentrations, but 1 ppm solutions of Corexit did have a significant effect on the rate of larval spinning within egg capsules. At 1 ppt concentrat ions, acute 1 etha 1 effects were seen. Effects of naturally occurring stresses such as desiccation and low salinity have also been described. The bioassay involves videotape documentation of larval activity and can be done in the absence of special facilities for rearing molluscan larvae. Cook, S.B. Y T .0. Sleeter. The Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc., Ferry Reach, Bermuda. LOS EFECTOS DEL PETROLEO Y COREXIT 9527 EN LA REPRODUCCION Y BIOLOGIA LARVARIA DE LA LEPA SUBTROPICAL. Experimentos de campo sobre los efectos del Petr61eo Crudo Ligero Arabico, en concentraciones de rango 1-4 ppm presentaron no efecto demostrable en sobrevivencia, 0 dos fndices reproductivos (Huevos por adulto y masas por adu1to) de la 1epa pulmonada subtropical Siphonaria a7ternata. Las poblaciones fueron a1tamente variables en espacio y tiempo. Bioensayos de laboratorio sobre los efectos del petr61eo y del dispersante de derrames de petro 1 eo Corexit 9527 en la sobrevi vencia y conduct a de las larvas del sifonarido en masas de huevos transparentes, tampoco mostraron efecto del petr61eo en concentraciQnes de ppm, pero soluciones de Corexit 1 ppm tuvieron un efecto significante en la tasa de giros de las larvas de huevos encapsulados. A concentracion de 1 ppt efectos letales agudos fueron vistos. Efectos de stress natural como desecaci6n y baja salinidad han sido descritos. los bioensayos involucran documentac16n en v1deoc1nta de 1a act1vidad larvaria y pudo ser hecha en ausencia de facilidades especiales para criar larvas de moluscos. PROC. ASSOC. IS. MAR. LAB. CARIB. (1988)21:16 Thorhaug, A. Florida International University, Miami, FL. DISPERSEO OIL EFFECTS ON MANGROVES, SEAGRASSES AND CORALS IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN. Most oil spill clean-up plans in the wider Caribbean indicate that dispersants should not be used. This is in error for coastal and estuarine spills. There have been a series of studies, which will be reviewed, both for field and laboratory, on toxicity effects of dispersants on critical habitat matrix organisms in the Caribbean Basins. Red mangroves and several coral species were seen to not have toxic effects from Corexit 9527 within the ISO ppm range. The Rhizophora mang7e experiments by Teas indicated better survival when Corexit was used than oil alone. Laboratory results for seagrasses on 7 dispersants showed low, medium and high toxicities not dependent on 011 type. These results i ndi cated an "acceptab 1 e" 1 i st of gispersants as the British have is necessary for the wider Caribbean matrix species preservation during spills where dispersants will be used. Three major wider Caribbean seagrasses had differing toxicity responses, dependent on the dispersant, but in the same ranking: Tha7assia more tolerant than Ha7odu7e, more tolerant than Syringodium. Coral results in Bermuda and Panama by Knap et al. (1985 and 1987) for Dip70ria strigosa and Porites porites with Agaricia sp. indicate the dispersant Corexit 9527 is not toxic (1-50 ppm). Ongoing studies in Jamaica will be discussed. Thorhaug, A. Florida International University, Miami, FL. EFECTOS DEL PETROLEO DISPERSADO EN MANGLARES, PASTOS MARINOS Y CORALES EN EL CARIBE ANCHO. La mayorfa de los planes para limpieza de derrames de petr61eo en e1 Caribe ancho indican que los dispersantes no debieran usarse. Esto es un error en derrames costeros y estuarinos ha habido una serie de estudios, que seran revizados, en laboratorio y e1 campo sobre los efectos t6xicos de dispersantes en organismos criticos de la matriz del habitat de la cuenca del Caribe. Los mangles rojos y varias especies de coral no presentaron efectos t6xicos por Corexit 9527 en rangos de 1-50 ppm. Los experimentos de Teas indicaron mas sobrevivencia de Rhizophora mangle cuando Corexit fue usado conjuntamente, al petr61eo por sf s610. Los resultados de laboratorio de siete dispersantes en pastos marinos mostraron toxicidades baja, media yalta, no dependientes del tipo de petr61eo. Estos resultados indicaron una lista "aceptable" de dispersantes que los briUnicos creen necesaria para la preservaci6n de la matriz de especies del Caribe ancho durante derrames d6nde los dispersantes seran usados. Tres pastos mayores del Caribe ancho tuvieron respuestas t6xicas diferentes dependientes del dispersante, pero en el mismo rango: Thalassia mas to1erante que Halodule mas tolerante que Syringodium. Los resultados en coral en Bermuda y Panama por Knap, et al. (1985 y 1987) en Dip70ria strigosa y Porites porites con Agaricia sp. indican que el dispersante Corexit 9527 no es t6xico (1-50 ppm). Estudios que se realizan en Jamaica seran dlscutidos. PROC. ASSOC. IS. MAR. LAB. CARIB. (1988}21:17 : I

Overcoming cultural barriers to international communication: doing business with Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea

Abstract: There are six cultural differences that affect international communications: (1) language, (2) values, (3) interpersonal skills, (4) degree of ethnocentrism, (5) sex roles and (6) decision-making processes They examine these six differences in the Pacific Rim countries and offer suggestions and guidelines for dealing with each >